When it comes to vitamin D, many people know that it has a lot to do with strong bones. However, few people pay attention to the important relationship between vitamin D and female fertility. Today, we're going to learn about vitamin D, how it affects female fertility, why more and more people are deficient and how.
A lot of work is done in front of the computer these days, and every day the sun comes out of the office before the sun comes out, and the sun comes home from the office, perfectly avoiding all the natural light time.
In addition, there are limited foods that naturally contain vitamin D, and obesity and the use of sunscreen skin care products can lead to vitamin D deficiency.
The unit of the test report is different in different hospitals, and the current unit is NMO L and NG ML conversion coefficient is 25, i.e., 1nmol l=25ng/ml。The two unit reference ranges are listed as follows:
1. Vitamin D and ovarian function
The reserve function of the ovaries is determined by the number and quality of the primordial follicles in the ovaries, which reflect the reproductive life of the woman. Only about 1 10 1 3 of the primordial follicles in the ovary can be activated and begin to grow and eventually form primary follicles, a process known as primordial follicle recruitment. Initial recruitment of primordial follicles can provide selective, mature and healthy oocytes while preventing premature exhaustion of ovarian reserves, ensuring a constant balance between the growing follicular pool and the resting follicular pool. Studies have shown that VD may be involved in inhibiting the premature activation of the primordial follicle to maintain the balance of the follicle pool and avoid the overactivation of the follicle leading to ovarian insufficiency.
VD and follicular growth and development
It has been found that the expression of VD receptors in granulosa cells around follicles and their various stages, and with the development of follicles, the expression of VD receptors in granulosa cells gradually increases, and the survival rate and diameter of antral follicles are significantly increased after supplementation of VD, indicating that VD affects the growth, development and quality of follicles by binding to VD receptors in follicles, but the effect of VD on follicles may be dose-based and phased.
Vitamin D and endometrial receptivity
After the embryo enters the uterus, it will "settle" on the endometrium after locating, adhesion, invasion and other processes, which we call implantation. Clinically, endometrial receptivity is commonly used to assess the endometrium's receptivity to the embryo, and the higher the endometrial receptivity, the easier it is for the embryo to implant.
Studies have shown that vitamin D is involved in the expression of HOX gene in endometrial stromal cells, and affects endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Relevant clinical statistics show that the cultivation rate of vitamin D < 30ng ml will be reduced.
Vitamin D and early miscarriage
Vitamin D is a potential immunomodulatory molecule in maternal and fetal immunomodulatory activities, which regulates cytokines and related proteins, balances cytokines, keeps inflammatory cells away, reduces the adverse effects of antiphospholipid antibodies and natural killer cells on early pregnancy, achieves immune tolerance, and reduces the occurrence of early miscarriage.
Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is more common in people who have had sexual miscarriages.
Effects of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women on the fetus
Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, in addition to intrauterine growth restriction, may increase the risk of preterm birth by causing placental inflammatory lesions and placental vascular lesions. After birth, rickets, skullmalacia, late closure of the anterior fontanelle, and calcium deficiency are prone to occur, which affects intellectual development.
Studies have shown that insufficient vitamin D during pregnancy (25-hydroxyvitamin D level 30 nmol L) increases the risk of placental inflammation and preterm birth during 35 weeks of pregnancy. With vitamin D supplementation, the risk of preterm birth (gestational < 37 weeks' gestation) decreases significantly.
Vitamin D and male fertility
Vitamin D deficiency leads to downregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling, inhibits the proliferation of ** germ cells, and affects male fertility. There is evidence that germ cell proliferation plays a crucial role in ** development and spermatogenesis, and vitamin D regulates germ cell proliferation and differentiation by upregulating vitamin VDR signaling
Usually it can be improved by increasing outdoor exercise, getting more sunlight, and increasing the intake of deep-sea fish, but for those who are clinically diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency, drugs should be given**.
Recommended dosage for normal population: The average requirement for pregnant and lactating women is 400 IU days, and the recommended dietary nutrient supply is 600 IU days.
Since vitamin D is fat-soluble, taking it with food aids in absorption. Do not supplement a large amount of it on your own because of impatience;Excess vitamin D can lead to vomiting, irritability, metabolic disorders, and even more serious consequences.
How to supplement vitamin D scientifically