-- "Zizhi Tongjian" read like this, p. 22
In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (128 BC).
Xu Le said: "The trouble of the world lies in the collapse, not in the collapse, and the ancient and modern are the same." ”
Zizhi Tongjian: Han Ji VIII
Falling apart is a well-known idiom that is said to have originated from the first time"Guiguzi Arrival": The monarch and the minister are confused, and the earth collapses and shoots each other. It means that the monarchs and ministers are suspicious and confused with each other and continue to attack, and the world will fall apart and be torn apart.
But the most thorough explanation of this idiom is none other than the Confucian Xu Le of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
People who pay attention to history know that Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, paid great attention to the selection of talents. During his reign, almost everyone could write and talk about things, and as long as he felt that what you said made sense, whether it was in line with his views or not, he would generally give him a heavy responsibility.
It was in 128 BC that Xu Le was appointed as Lang Zhongling by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because of his writings. At the same time as him, he was appointed by his master's father, Yan and Yan An, and although Xu Le was not very famous compared to these two, his explanation for the collapse was unmatched.
In his view, the greatest calamity of the world lies in the collapse of the earth rather than its disintegration, and this principle is the same in ancient and modern times.
So, what is a landslide?Xu Le believed that the chaotic times at the end of the Qin Dynasty were landslides. Because of this, Chen Sheng, who has neither status, nor status, nor culture, raised his arms in Daze Township, and the world responded one after another, setting off a devastating anti-Qin wave, and swept the Qin Dynasty into the garbage heap of history within a few years. The reason for this is "".The people are poor and the Lord is not sympathetic, the lower grievances are not known, and the customs have been chaotic and the government is not repaired。This is where Chen Sheng's capital lies in the landslide. Therefore, the greatest scourge in the world is collapse.
So, what is disintegration?In Xu Le's view, the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in the early Han Dynasty was the collapse. Although the seven kingdoms of Wu, Chu, Qi, and Zhao are all known as the kings of ten thousand times, with hundreds of thousands of armor, and they are all very rich, it can be said that they want land and land, population and population, army and army, money and food, compared with Chen Sheng, who is a mud leg, that strength can simply go against the sky, but why did it fail in a few months. That's because the virtues and politics of the emperors of the early Han Dynasty are still there, and the people of Antu are still the vast majority, so these princes and kings have no foreign aid, and they can't become the climate at all, which is the collapse, although the crackling movement is great, but it can't shake the fundamentals. Therefore, the greatest evil of the world is not disintegrating.
These two are fundamental to the security of the country, and a wise monarch must pay special attention to this issue. We must not shake the fundamentals because of mistakes in decision-making, causing a collapse. The reason why Xu Le wrote like this was to persuade Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to suspend the war against the Xiongnu.
However, the young Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty obviously did not agree with his views, and still launched the Han-Hungarian War that lasted for decades, of course, and achieved unprecedented results, but it also caused the country's economy to face the collapse of the serious consequences of extreme poverty among the people, and the signs of landslide have appeared, and the results of the early Han Dynasty's recuperation are of course gone.
However, in the 10,000th year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he now realized this, made a deep reflection with a "Luntai Guilty Edict", resolutely stopped the war against Hungary, and adjusted the statecraft before the collapse was formed, so as to avoid repeating the tragedy of the pro-dynasty mistakes.
Although we don't know the mental journey of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for fifty-four years, Xu Le's book must have had a significant impact on him, but it didn't show effect until decades later.
I think that historians such as Ban Gu, Sima Qian, and Sima Guang have recorded Xu Le's book in detail one after another, and this is the purpose.