After the death of Xia Renzong, Western Xia fell into a situation of prosperity and decline. Internal and external troubles, the country's strength is weakening. Under the repeated onslaught of the Mongol iron cavalry, the Western Xia finally went to ruin.
Xia Renzong died in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong (1193) and was succeeded by his eldest son Huanzong. During the reign of Huanzong, he continued the policy of the Renzong period and continued to pursue the strategy of attaching Jin and Song.
In the last year of Huanzong's reign, the thirteenth year of Tianqing (1206), the Mongol state rose up, and the Mongols, led by Temujin, rose up and gradually grew stronger. The Mongol threat quickly pushed the Western Xia into decline.
Safety, the younger brother of Renzong, conspired with Huanzong's mother, Empress Dowager Luo, in the thirteenth year of Tianqing to depose Huanzong. Huanzong died of illness in March, and safely ascended the throne and became Xiangzong.
After Xiangzong came to power, the Mongol army invaded frequently and provoked constantly. In the spring of the fourth year of Yingtian (1209), the Mongol iron cavalry under the leadership of Temujin marched south, captured the city of Wulahai in April, and approached Zhongxingfu in July. Xiangzong sent 50,000 troops to resist, and the two sides held each other for two months, and finally the Mongols diverted water to irrigate the city, and through negotiations, Xiangzong became a vassal, and married a daughter to marry the Mongols.
The Mongols continued to wage wars, prompting the Western Xia to change their strategy of forming an alliance with the Jin and began to attach themselves to the Mongols, starting a war with the Jin State that lasted for more than ten years. The war caused heavy losses to Xia and Jin, and the class contradictions at home intensified.
In the second year of the emperor's establishment (1211), Li Zunwei, the king of Western Xia Qi, staged a palace coup, deposed Xiangzong security, and established himself as emperor, that is, Shenzong. Shenzong continued to adhere to the policy of annexing Mongolia to resist Jin, but the internal contradictions in Western Xia continued, and the economy withered.
After years of war, Xia and Jin have exhausted their military and financial resources. Although they united against the Mongols, they could not stop the attack of the Mongol iron cavalry. Shakin's demise was only a matter of time.
In the third year of Qianding (1225), Genghis Khan learned that Western Xia Naxian had mercy on his enemies and decided to crusade against Western Xia. The Mongol army invaded Western Xia in February of the following year and occupied the cities of Heishui and Wurahai.
The Mongol general Atachi attacked Shazhou, and the Xia army resisted stubbornly. The Mongol army dug tunnels at night to attack the city, and the Xia army saw through and successfully blocked it. However, the city was eventually breached after a month of perseverance.
In May of the same year, the Mongol army captured the city of Suzhou. Emperor Li Zunwei died, and the Mongol army took advantage of the victory to attack Ganzhou and Xiliangfu, and Western Xia almost lost the Hexi region.
Xianzong realized that it was necessary to change the national policy and unite allies to resist Mongolia. In October of the second year of Qianding (1224), Xianzong adopted the proposal of the right prime minister, Gao Lianghui, and sent an envoy to negotiate peace with Jin. In August of the following year, the two sides ceased fighting and reached an agreement: the Western Xia were appointed as vassals in the letter of the state, and each used the name of its own year to support each other.
However, the national strength of Xia and Jin is not as good as before. In August of the fourth year of Qianding (1226), Genghis Khan attacked Jiudu of the Yellow River and Lingzhou in November. The last lord Wei Ming Linggong led 100,000 troops to relieve the siege, but he was defeated and Lingzhou fell.
The Mongol army advanced to Zhongxingfu, preparing to capture the capital and destroy the Xia Kingdom. In the first month of the second year of Baoyi (1227), the Mongol army arrived in Zhongxingfu. Genghis Khan personally attacked Jishi Prefecture and entered the territory of the Jin State.
Zhongxing Province was besieged, and foreign aid was cut off. The right prime minister, Gao Lianghui, persuaded him to surrender and was refused. After half a year of siege, Zhongxing Prefecture ran out of food, and the Lord surrendered at the end of Western Xia.
In July, Genghis Khan died of illness. The Mongol army followed the will, and Western Xia perished. The turbulent history of the Great Western Xia, from rise to decline, finally drew an end symbol under Genghis Khan.
The history of the Great Western Xia, like a magnificent picture, from rise to decline, and finally ended with the death of Genghis Khan, showing the rise and fall of a country. This period of history carries the story of politics, military affairs, diplomacy and other aspects, reflecting the changes of the current situation and the fate of the country.
First, the article depicts the heyday of Western Xia during the Xia Renzong period. However, due to internal strife and external troubles, especially the rise of the Mongol corps, the Western Xia gradually entered the fate of destruction. This historical trajectory makes one wonder how important political stability and a strong national defense force are in a country's destiny.
Second, the article reflects the shift in Western Xia's foreign policy. During the Xia Renzong period, he adhered to the policy of attaching the Jin and Song dynasties, but with the rise of the Mongols during the Huanzong period, the Western Xia began to attach themselves to the Mongols and started a war with the Jin State that lasted for more than ten years. This change in diplomatic strategy left the Western Xia in a geopolitical dilemma, and the war with the Jin State further weakened its national power.
In terms of regime change, after the death of Xia Renzong, there were internal political struggles, and dynasties changed frequently. This political turmoil has had a huge impact on the country's development. For example, after Xiangzong came to power, he still faced the threat of the Mongols, and later Shenzong failed to bring about a substantial improvement in foreign policy, which eventually led to the inevitable demise of Western Xia.
The rise of Mongolia became an important node in the entire historical process. The Mongol army led by Genghis Khan grew stronger and put a heavy strain on Western Xia. Genghis Khan's siege tactics and strategic decisions forced Western Xia to succumb and eventually perish. This also reflects the historical law that the times create heroes and the strong win the sky.
Finally, the article highlights the war between Western Xia and Jin, as well as Xianzong's wise decision-making in critical moments. By changing the national policy and uniting allies to resist Mongolia, although it failed to stop the demise of Western Xia in the end, the efforts and wisdom of Xianzong gave Western Xia a glimmer of life at the last moment.
Overall, the history of the Great Western Xia is a story full of twists and turns and drama, reflecting the interweaving of multiple levels such as politics, military, and diplomacy. This history deserves our in-depth reflection to better understand the role of history in shaping the destiny of the country, and at the same time reminds us that we need to be cautious in dealing with internal and external challenges in the process of national development, and maintain political stability and strong national strength.
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