Since the winter, the impact of respiratory infections has remained high, especially the resistance of the elderly and children, and the incidence of respiratory infections is extremely high. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand and respond to respiratory infectious diseases. Respiratory tract infections are mainly divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. 
onRespiratory tract infectionsUpper respiratory tract infection refers to the infection that occurs in the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, and the common pathogens are viruses, bacteria, etc., and patients may have nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and runny nose, which generally do not cause serious complications and can be recovered within a week. Upper respiratory tract infections 70 -80 are caused by viruses, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. Another 20 -30 are caused by bacteria.
downRespiratory tract infectionsLower respiratory tract infection refers to infections that occur in the trachea, bronchi and lungs, and the common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, etc., and patients usually have cough, sputum, chest tightness, chest pain and other phenomena. Lower respiratory tract infections can lead to serious consequences, such as dyspnea, septic shock, etc., and need to be prompted**. Lower respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella and other microbial infections, and the common pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, etc., which are the most common infectious diseases. In general, the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection are relatively mild, the symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection are relatively severe, and the cough is relatively long and lasts relatively long. If your child has pneumonia, he or she will have significant difficulty breathing and rapid breathing. This is the difference between an upper respiratory tract infection and a lower respiratory tract infection. 
Classification of common pathogens
What is the current status of the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases?On November 26, the National Health Commission held a press conference in Beijing to respond to the hot issue of respiratory diseases in winter. 
Differences in the predominant pathogens circulating among different age groupsWang Huaqing, chief expert of the immunization program of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the results of multi-source surveillance show that the main pathogens of recent respiratory infectious diseases are different among different age groups. People aged 1 to 4 years: influenza virus and rhinovirus are the main onesPeople aged 5 to 14 years: influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus;People aged 15 to 59 years old: influenza virus, rhinovirus, and new coronavirus;People aged 60 years and above: influenza virus, human metapneumovirus and common coronavirus are the main ones.
Superimposed infections with respiratory pathogensMi Feng, spokesman for the National Health Commission, said that monitoring shows that recently, China's respiratory tract infectious diseases are mainly influenza, in addition to rhinovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, etc. According to the analysis, the recent continuous rise of acute respiratory diseases in China is related to the superposition of a variety of respiratory pathogens. For example, some patients are infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and then infected with influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus, and for patients with weak resistance, they are infected at the same time.
Three or four pathogenic microorganisms are all possible, and this situation is called "superimposed infection". 
What are the detection methods for respiratory pathogens?Methods for testing respiratory pathogens are:Isolation culture, antigen detection, antibody detectionwithNucleic acid testingWait. Isolation and culture of pathogens is time-consuming and laborious, and only the total number of viable bacteria can be measured, whereas in serum antibody testing, antibody production takes time, making it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis early in the disease. The detection rate of antigen tests is low, and there is a possibility of missed diagnosis. WhileThe nucleic acid detection method has high sensitivity and specificityIt has been rapidly applied in clinical practice and has become the main method for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infection pathogens. In the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis of Influenza in Children (2020 Edition), a clear comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods is also made. 
The principle of nucleic acid mass spectrometry pathogen detection is to use MALDI-TOF to detect the product of multiple PCR reactions, that is, the mass of the product of single base extension to determine the presence or absence of target genes, so as to further determine the presence or absence of target pathogens in the sample. Compared with traditional pathogen detection techniques, nucleic acid mass spectrometry has certain advantages in terms of sensitivity, detection throughput, and ease of operation. In addition, the nucleic acid sequences detected by nucleic acid mass spectrometry are all in public databases, and there is no need to rely on other databases. The polyzy biological nucleic acid mass spectrometry platform under the life science sector of Concentrating Technology can detect 384 samples at the same time, and the single-hole detection sites can be up to 50 plexes, which can cover the detection of different pathogen types in the respiratory tract at the same time, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, etc., through the nucleic acid mass spectrometry platform for multiple tests of the respiratory tract, accurate detection of pathogen infection and superimposed infection, can give clinicians more accurate judgment support, so that clinical respiratory infection detection is more efficient and accurate!
The Genoptof series nucleic acid mass spectrometry platform can help the genetic detection of respiratory pathogen infection, and can provide complete instruments, software, basic reagents, consumables and automation solutions to assist clinicians in rapid detection of pathogen types and their drug resistance, so as to achieve accurate medication guidance and achieve the best results.
Personal protection tips
Strengthens the body's immunity. Add clothes, exercise properly, and maintain a regular routine
Strengthen personal protection. Maintain good hygiene habits, open windows regularly for ventilation, wash hands and rinse your mouth frequently, and wear a mask when entering and exiting crowded places
Early detection and early **: If you find a fever and cough, go to the hospital in time, and remember to take medicine indiscriminately.
About JuzhiFounded in 2021 and headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou Juzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary independently incubated by Concentrating Technology, a leading enterprise in high-end instruments and equipment, focusing on the research and development, production and promotion of biomass spectrometry instrument products, and is committed to promoting the development of life science research and industry with mass spectrometry technology, and building a good industrial ecology. Juzhi Biotech is positioned as a leading provider of upstream instrument platforms, and cooperates with professional institutions in the field of life sciences with an open attitude to jointly cultivate the terminal application market and benefit a better life for mankind. References[1] Shen Kunling, Yang Yonghong, Xu Baoping, et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis of influenza in children (2020 edition)[J].Chinese Journal of Practical Clinical Pediatrics, 2020(017):035[2] Wang Jia. Provincial Health Commission responds to the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in winter[N].Shanxi Economic News,2023-11-30(002).[3] Cheng Ruiduo, Li Ying, Dai Ying, et al. Application value analysis of combined detection of pathogens and inflammatory markers in children with acute respiratory tract infection[J].Chin J Pathogenic Biology,2023,18(10):1200-1204