|Editor's note
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as the frontier exploration area of China's urban renewal work, has established a multi-level planning and control system in the preparation of urban renewal planning, which shows the diversity of transmission paths and elements in the planning transmission, and the results achieved by different cities are different.
In the context of promoting high-quality development in Guangdong Province, Guodi science and technology planning"Urban Renewal" columnThis paper will summarize the experience of urban renewal in the Greater Bay Area from the perspectives of the compilation system, special planning, overall planning of districts, unit planning, and implementation plans of urban renewal planning, study the decomposition and transmission from the macro goals of urban development to the micro implementation of urban renewal projects, and establish a refined compilation and control system, in order to provide useful reference for urban renewal related research.
Launched today is the first issue of "Exploration of Urban Renewal Planning System in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area".
part.The overall construction of the urban renewal planning system
An urban renewal planning system that connects with territorial spatial planning
Under the framework of "five levels and three categories" of territorial spatial planning, the urban renewal planning system is mainly divided into three levels: macro, meso, and micro levels (Fig. 1) [1].
The macro-level planning is mainly a special plan for urban renewal, which implements the requirements of the overall land and space planning at the same level, mainly decomposes the overall development goals, formulates the target strategy, update scale, implementation strategy, schedule and so on in urban renewal, and determines the short- and long-term goals and phased key work in combination with the development plan and project characteristics.
The meso-level planning is mainly for the overall planning of the area, and the planning is mainly to implement the requirements of the special urban renewal plan at the city and county levels, connect the strategic objectives at the macro level and the control indicators at the micro level, formulate the annual implementation plan, determine the renewal area and delineate the renewal unit, conduct the feasibility study of project renewal, and clarify the renewal objectives, spatial distribution, functional layout, index control, phased development and other matters of the project, so as to effectively guide the renewal planning at the micro level [2].
The preparation of micro-level planning is mainly detailed planning, including regulatory detailed planning, unit planning, construction detailed planning, renovation implementation plan, etc., with the purpose of implementing various coordination at the meso-level and formulating detailed rules for land development, including detailed design schemes, land consolidation, benefit distribution, and implementation of policy opinions [3].
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of urban renewal planning system.
Adaptation to the characteristics of the renewal project of the planning and implementation elements of the transmission
In urban renewal planning, in accordance with the ideas of global coverage, hierarchical control and goal-oriented, based on the "three districts and three lines" of territorial spatial planning, a classification transmission and control system combining rule transmission, use control and index control is established, including boundary, zoning, structure, location, area, directory and other elements.
(1) Rule conductionThrough the qualitative guidance or control requirements that the planning at the same level requires the subordinate planning to comply with, determine the development positioning, transformation strategy, transformation mode and other aspects.
(2) Use controlFocusing on the current situation and planning and management of each land use type, the control principles are clarified, and specific land use control measures are proposed in detail, so as to promote the precise implementation of spatial development and protection goals.
(3) Indicator controlAccording to the control lines of various control lines, the overall development scale and development intensity of the region are controlled, that is, the total amount of construction land, the total amount of green space, the total amount of construction area, the total number of public service facilities, and the directory, etc., which are gradually decomposed into overall zoning, units and project land (Table 1).
A planning approval authority system based on the replacement of space rights and interests
In the era of stock development, the urban renewal planning approval and implementation system is based on the review of planning permission for the replacement of secondary land development rights, so as to achieve the goal of redistribution of spatial rights and interests. The review of the update plan is carried out from three dimensions, one is the upward plan compliance review, which is the basic requirement for the approval of the update plan. The second is the horizontal planning coordination review, especially the overall coordination of the updated planning projects. The third is to protect the rights and interests of the main body of the transformation downward.
part.Structural characteristics of urban renewal planning
Under the guidance of urban renewal policies at all levels, the urban renewal planning system of cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area presents obvious characteristics such as overall systematization and structural differentiation
In general, a three-level planning system of "macro-meso-micro" has been formed, and the special planning of urban renewal at the municipal or county level at the macro level has played a leading role in the overall situation.
Some key levels of urban renewal planning system are missing, such as Zhuhai, Dongguan, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing and other urban renewals, which lack the overall planning of districts as the interface between city, county (town) level special planning and unit planning, which leads to the limitation of potential longitudinal transmission deviation of planning.
The unit plan with the strongest statutory planning attributes has become a key node of urban renewal, and it is clear that the unit plan can be used as the legal basis for the implementation and construction of the project when the adjustment of planning conditions is involved in the review of compliance with the control regulations, and it can directly replace the control regulations after the approval of the compilation and review procedures according to the control regulations (Huizhou City needs to promote the adjustment process according to the control regulations).
part.The development trend of urban renewal planning
The center of gravity of the planning hierarchy is shifted from the back end to the front end
With the reform of the decision-making mechanism of urban renewal, the pre-review mechanism for the planning and implementation of renewal projects has been gradually improved. Since 2018, the special planning for urban renewal in the Greater Bay Area has been required as one of the pre-compliance review conditions for project approval and implementation, and future urban renewal will place more emphasis on the macro management and control of renewal planning.
The planning has changed from key transmission to multi-factor transmission
The initial purpose of the regulatory detailed plan (or statutory plan) is to impose mandatory control conditions on land development, and there is a lack of guidance on property rights responsibilities and rights and interests in the renewal and development of stocks. In order to fill this gap, through the overall planning of the area, the unit plan and other plans intervene in the content that cannot be controlled by the detailed planning of control, and several plans support each other to solve the problem of coordination of interests and the game of development rights.
Special research is gradually playing a more important role in urban renewal, guiding and standardizing the promotion of renewal and development from all aspects. Special projects such as industrial development, transportation carrying capacity, public service carrying capacity, municipal facilities carrying capacity, urban design, and underground space are used to support the rationality research of planning schemes [4].
part.
New challenges in urban renewal planning
The miniaturization of renewal units has led to a lack of regional research on urban infrastructure
Due to historical reasons, the stock land with urban renewal potential is generally characterized by small area and scattered layout, which can easily cause some urban infrastructure to be unable to land or be ignored in implementation.
Convergence of unit planning with regulatory detailed planning
Many cities clearly stipulate that the approved unit plan can cover the regulatory detailed plan, and the research, control and approval process of the unit plan is similar to the regulatory detailed plan, and one of the two can be used to achieve the goal. The urban renewal unit plan should focus on optimizing and improving the coverage content, project implementation, and editing and review process.
The unified update planning and review process is used for different types of projects, hindering the rapid progress of some projects
The types of urban renewal in the Greater Bay Area mainly include comprehensive transformation, micro-transformation and mixed transformation, and the work stages, work content and difficulty required for different types of transformation are different, and some cities have promoted these types of transformation according to the same workflow in the renewal planning system, which has increased the difficulty of some "work-to-work" and micro-transformation urban renewal projects.
The urban renewal planning system is an open system with strong external relevance and weak internal transmission, and the traditional planning implementation path focuses on the interest game and spatial design at the micro level, and there is relatively little thinking about the planning at the macro and meso levels. Starting from the overall situation of the comprehensive connection between urban renewal planning and territorial spatial planning, we can establish a more complete urban renewal planning system, adopt a local approach to urban renewal to achieve development intentions, connect up and down and protect public interests, and form the most effective and controllable urban renewal situation with more accurate transmission.
References
1] Dalian release. Dalian Urban Renewal Special Plan[EB OL].(2022.10.11)[2023.02.27].
2] Wang Yaoxing, Jiang Wei, Zhang Yao. Review of urban renewal process in Futian District, Shenzhen[C].Sustainable Development and Rational Planning - 2017 China Urban Planning Annual Conference ** Collection (02 Urban Renewal).[Publisher unknown], 2017:126-140
3] Lin Jian, Ye Zijun, Yang Hong. Reflections on the redevelopment of urban inefficient land in the era of stock planning[J].China Land Science,2019,33(09):1-8.]
4] Zhu Chao, Wang Peng. Overall planning of urban renewal areas: technical response to collaborative control and regulation control in the period of stock development[C]Spatial Governance for High-quality Development - 2020 China Urban Planning Annual Conference ** Collection (02 Urban Renewal).,2021:764-772.doi:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.033027.
Note: This article is excerpted from the 2023 China Urban Planning Annual Conference** "Exploration of the Urban Renewal Planning System of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area".