Autoimmune bullous disease is a group of autoimmune diseases, due to the disorder of the body's own immune system, the patient's body produces antibodies against their own ** and mucous membranes, which in turn leads to erythema, blisters, bullae, accompanied by erosion and exudation. **Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs.
Principles
Generally, glucocorticoids are preferred, with adequate amounts applied early, tapered gradually after lesion control, and maintained in small doses for a long time. In pemphigus patients, the duration of disease control and drug maintenance generally takes 3 to 5 yearsIn patients with bullous pemphigoid, the duration of disease control and drug maintenance generally takes 2 to 3 years. After early control, the dose is reduced rapidly, the later dose is gradually reduced, and the final maintenance dose is very small, and some patients may need 1-2 tablets of hormone for long-term maintenance.
In addition to glucocorticoids, some patients need to take immunosuppressants in combination, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides, etc.
Adverse effects
Long-term use of hormones may induce adverse reactions such as diabetes, hypertension, elevated blood lipids, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal ulcers, osteoporosis, necrosis of the femoral head, and obesityThe use of immunosuppressants may lead to liver and kidney function impairment, bone marrow suppression such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and secondary infection.
In order to reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, please do the following:
1.Take the following auxiliary drugs on time: (calcium), (potassium), (digestive tract protection) and other medications.
2.Mouthwash: To prevent fungal infections in the mouth, rinse your mouth daily after meals and before bedtime. Mouthwash configuration: 500ml boiled water + sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) 15g.
3.*Check blood and urine routine, blood biochemistry (liver and kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrolytes) before checking, and preferably once every 4-6 weeks.
4.Hip MRI, chest X-ray and bone mineral density need to be rechecked 3 months to 6 months before and after.
5.Blood pressure is measured, preferably daily.
6.Try to avoid going to crowded environments.
7.In the course of the disease, if there are gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal blood sugar, blood pressure, fever, cough and other medical conditions, go to the hospital for treatment in time.
Dietary guidance
1. Eat more soy products (except for high uric acid levels), lean meat, milk, foods rich in protein, fresh vegetables, and fruits with low sugar content.
2. Eat less staple foods (such as noodles, rice, steamed buns, porridge), sweets and greasy foods, and the taste is not easy to overcome.
3. Avoid eating green onions, ginger and garlic.
4. If the oral cavity is damaged, you can eat a semi-liquid or liquid diet, and the diet temperature should not be too high. Please follow up regularly, adjust the dosage of the drug under the guidance of the doctor, and do not reduce or stop the drug by yourself!