To prevent getting lost, the elevator goes directly to the safety islandNewspaper man Liu YaEast A
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From the fetus to the elderly, ** is perhaps the only art form that runs through our entire lives. When we are sad, we need to express our feelings; When you are happy, you want to be high with us! For the most part, we are both listeners and singers. After all, who wouldn't be jumping on the road, humming a few little songs while listening to **?
Whether as an input or an exporter, dissonance—such as out-of-tune, out-of-beat, or weird chords—can cause pain for both parties. Among them, going out of tune and out of tune may be the most direct torture.
A small probability of incorrigibility
When it comes to singing out of tune, we most often think of those friends who are "incomplete in five tones". Some of them love to sing, and they always give their friends some shock with discordant tunes in KTV. But if we look closely at the so-called "pentatonic incompleteness", we will find that the reasons behind it are complex, andEach individual is fundamentally different
Some friends are out of tune because ofThe perception of tone is "numb"., they can't tell if two notes are in the same pitch. So when they hear a song and try to sing along, they don't have a concept in their minds about how high to sing the notes, let alone sing them accurately. And the lack of perception of tone, there is a rare case:Amusia, or more colloquially known as tone deafness, is a congenital cognitive disorder that lacks the ability to recognize musicality.
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People with ale usually have normal hearing and speech cognition, and they are able to tell who is speaking by timbre and recognize various sounds in the environment, but they lack the perception of musicality (such as melody and beat). Therefore, if no one else reminds themYou won't find that others are singing out of tune, and you won't find that you're outrageously out of tune
By monitoring the electrical signals in the brains of subjects with deacerbia, neuroscientists have found that the auditory cortex of their brains is good at detecting discordant notes, but unlike non-phonic deprivers, the areas of their brains that process auditory information are relatively weakly coupled to the frontotemporal region that produces consciousness, which leads to:Their brains know the difference in notes, but their minds don't
StillThe proportion of people who actually suffer from congenital deoptimism is actually very small。In a 2017 article published in the European Journal of Human Genetics, researchers collected data from more than 16,000 people on a large scale through an auditory test and found that people affected by congenital anaeropathyIt accounts for only about 15%(The conclusion of the previous study was about 4%), and there was no significant difference between women and men.
Lack of practice Xi majority
But by observing your friends around you (a very unscientific sampling method), your "feeling" may be: This probability seems a little small? In fact, except for the real people with abaclea (excluding those who are gifted with musicality), the vast majority of people who have not undergone systematic ** training,Its ability to hear, argue, and vocalizeAll or moreLess or less, this is the root cause of inaccurate singing.
If you don't listen often** or have hearing loss, it is difficult to distinguish between high and low tones even if you don't have musicality. But by practicing Xi a lot, such as learning Xi playing certain musical instruments or ear trainingMost people have acquired the essential skill for pitch calling: listening to pitch notes
So, if you can accurately distinguish the pitch, you must not be out of tune? This leads to another skill: vocalization. Vocalization is a complex process that requires the coordination and cooperation of multiple organs in the body。We must exhale from our lungs or abdomen and allow the airflow through the trachea to reach the closed vocal cords, causing the vocal cords to vibrate in order to make a sound. The sound can produce different words through the coordinated action of the pharynx, larynx, mouth, tongue and lips. Obviously, one of the most common ways to make sounds is precisely what we do in our daily lives.
The sound we make when we speak will change with the content and mood of the voice, and the intonation will also fluctuate, which will form the unique tone of each person. And the ups and downs of the intonation in this also illustrate,In fact, everyone can make sounds with different tones, and they are quite good at making sounds。It's just that singing is a more complicated way of vocalization, and if you only talk about the tone, if you want to produce accurate pitch stably, you canYou need to have extremely precise control over your vocal cords
It is not difficult to notice that at the heart of the human vocal mechanism is the vibrations produced by the air flow hitting the vocal cords. How the vocal cords vibrate to produce different pitches mainly depends on the cooperative control of the vocal cords by the surrounding muscles such as thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT). Among them, when the CT muscle contracts, it stretches the vocal cords, making it long and thin; When the TA muscle contracts, the vocal cords shorten and thicken. The interaction of the two changes the length and state of the vocal cords, thereby controlling the fundamental frequency, i.e., pitch, of the vocal cord vibration. Therefore, when we want to pronounce a certain pitch, the brain will send corresponding instructions to mobilize the laryngeal muscles to stretch and contract to make sounds.
***r soc open sci. 2018 aug; 5(8): 172208.
Sounds like an easy one. However, in the same way that we want to feel the power of a muscle when we start working out, for those muscles that are not actively used, the brain that has not been trained Xi is like a router in a state of disconnection. No matter how hard you try to think about it, your body is always in a state of confusion that you don't know what to doI don't know what to do。The same is true for most people when singing, we want to mobilize the laryngeal muscles, but we can't do fine control at all, so some people will show the embarrassment of "knowing that they are out of tune, but they just can't sing accurately".
Of course, due to a lack of training, we are even more "more than enough" for the treble and bass that are beyond our vocal range. In fact, there is a limit to the pitch that each person can make, and the laryngeal muscles that tug at the vocal cords are like a strip of rubber bands, and we can develop its "elasticity" to the maximum through training, but it is also limited to that, just as we can run faster than before after track and field training, but we are unlikely to break the world record. Even those professional singers have their own vocal ranges, which are high and low, wide and narrow
Real or perfect ** scene
And in addition to emitting the exact pitch,The factors involved in whether a singing voice is aesthetically pleasing are complex and numerousFrom the control of the breath, to the control of the vocal cords, the shape and size of the mouth, nose, throat and skull, and the physical and mental state, all determine the quality of the sound we can make. Those singers who are talented and have Xi a lot are naturally the best among them.
For example, during live performances, if the singer's ear monitoring fails, the instrument and his own voice cannot be heard, which limits the hearing of the perception of tone, and there is a high probability that the tone will be out of tune; A state of exhaustion, high anxiety can also affect the singer's control of the vocal cords; Or when doing difficult singing, it is easy to lose control and other problems.
* Industry practitioners believe that the deviation of the pitch will affect the most precious emotional expression of a ** work. But as human beings, singers can never maintain the perfect standard of pitch like a machine – singing on the piano keys, and the reality is that most of them sing in the gaps close to the keys. Since it was impossible to sing accurately in any case, there was a pitch correction technique in the post-project
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Since the 40s of the 20th century, the ** engineers who have been "tested" by singers' out-of-tune recordings have beenPitch correction technology is constantly being optimized。From the earliest days of adding reverb and echo to fine-tuning pitch by adjusting tape speed, to digital tuners in the '70s, to digital samplers, effects synthesizers and workstations in the '80s, to auto-tune in the '90s, people have finally been able to adjust the pitch and speed of sound with greater ease. Despite the advent of auto-tune, there has been an unprecedented controversy in the field of **, which has been praised by some as ".Epoch-making inventionSomeone rebuked."A tool to destroy the times
Today, pitch correction technology is extremely sophisticated. The vast majority of the recorded versions of the songs we heard were "perfect", and the real-time pitch correction also provided the singers with a certain degree of "security" when singing live. You can even skip singing
Regardless of what the audience thinks, more and more "perfect" live performances are replacing real, flawed performances.
Reference link: ***WeChat***Global Science" (ID: huanqiukexue), if you need **, please contact newmedia@huanqiukexuecom