Jackfruit is a kind of tropical fruit, also known as jackfruit, pineapple, honeysmelt, tripe fruit, etc., has the reputation of "tropical fruit queen", its fruit is large and round, the flesh is yellow, sweet and juicy, rich in vitamin C and minerals, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, improve immunity and other effects. Jackfruit can be eaten raw not only but also into juices, jams, jellies, etc., making it a very popular fruit.
Jackfruit cultivation is not difficult, as long as you master some basic methods and skills, you can grow high-quality jackfruit at home. This article will introduce you to the cultivation method of jackfruit and help you grow sweet and juicy jackfruit step by step.
Jackfruit is a tropical plant that prefers warmth and humidity, and has high requirements for climate and soil. The basic conditions for growing jackfruit are as follows:
Climate: Jackfruit is not cold tolerant, requiring an average annual temperature of 21 in the planting area, an average temperature of 13 in the coldest month, and an absolute minimum temperature of 0. Jackfruit prefers full sun exposure, but also avoid heat burns. Jackfruit requires more water, requires annual precipitation between 1000-2000 mm in the planting area, and timely irrigation during the drought period.
Soil: Jackfruit prefers moist and fertile soil, is best for growing in sandy loam or sandy loam, requires a pH of 55-6.5. It is well drained, breathable, rich in organic matter and minerals.
There are two ways to grow jackfruit: one is cultivated with real seedlings, and the other is cultivated with grafted seedlings. The specific steps for each of these methods are described below.
The method of cultivating with seedlings is relatively simple, but the fruiting time is long, and it generally takes 8-10 years to bear fruit. The specific steps are as follows:
Select the seed: Select ripe jackfruit, remove fresh seeds, wash with water, remove the pulp and skin, and keep the kernels. It is best to choose a kernel that is more round than the perimeter of the pedicle, as the seed germination rate is higher.
Germination treatment: Soak the seeds in clean water for one to two days to soak the seed coat softly, then wrap them in moist moss or vermiculite, maintain a certain humidity, and put them in a warm environment to encourage the seeds to germinate. Generally, in about 10-15 days, the seeds will sprout.
Transplant seedlings: When the seeds have taken root about 1-2 cm, they can be transplanted into the soil. Prepare some small pots, mix the soil with garden soil, humus soil, sandy soil, and base fertilizer, put the soil into the pot, water the soil properly to keep it moist, bury the seed sprouts in the soil with the point facing down, cover with a thin layer of soil, put it in a semi-shaded place, keep the soil moist, and wait for the seeds to germinate and emerge.
Manage seedlings: When the seeds germinate and emerge, it is necessary to pay attention to appropriate management measures such as fertilization, watering, weeding, and pest control to promote the healthy growth of seedlings. Generally, it is sown in June-July, and it can be transplanted into the field in the spring of the following year.
The method of cultivation with grafted seedlings is more complicated, but the fruiting time is shorter, and the fruit can be hung in about 5 years. The specific steps are as follows:
Select the rootstock: Select the kernel seedlings of wet bags as rootstocks, and the method is the same as the above-mentioned germination treatment and transplantation seedlings. After one year, when the seedlings are 100-115 cm tall, they can be grafted.
Select the scion: Choose dry bales, early fruiting, large and numerous, high-yielding, high-quality adult mother plants, pick the stout autumn shoots of the previous year as scions, cut them into small pieces 10-15 cm long, wrap them in a damp cloth, and store them in a cool place.
Grafting method: The grafting method can be used by grafting, patch budding or grafting. The grafting season should be carried out in the two periods after Qingming and after fruit picking. When grafting, pay attention to the flatness, tightness and alignment of the knife edge, and wrap it with plastic film or tape to keep the grafted part moist and promote healing. One year after grafting, it can be transplanted into the field.
Manage seedlingsThe management method of grafted seedlings is the same as that of seedlings, and it is necessary to pay attention to appropriate management measures such as fertilization, watering, weeding, and pest prevention to promote the healthy growth of seedlings. At the same time, it is necessary to take measures such as topping, pruning, and cutting trees in time to inhibit vegetative growth and promote early flowering and fruiting.
The conservation and management of jackfruit mainly includes the following aspects:
Fertilization: The fertilization of jackfruit is mainly farmhouse fertilizer, with less or no chemical fertilizer, so that the fruit trees can grow quickly and bear fruit early. Young jackfruit should be fertilized once a month or every other month. The jackfruit that has already borne fruit is fertilized for the first time when it sprouts at the beginning of spring. Apply a second fertilizer when the flower buds are drawn in large quantities. When the fruit expands rapidly, the third fertilizer is applied to strengthen the fruit. Each fertilization should be mainly farmhouse fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied. The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the growth of jackfruit, age and tree potential, and the fat and thinness of the land.
Watering: Jackfruit needs more water, so the soil needs to be kept moist, but not too moist, so as not to cause root rot. The frequency and amount of watering should be determined according to the climate and soil conditions, generally once or twice a week in the dry season, and appropriately reduce watering in the rainy season to prevent water accumulation. When watering, it should be evenly poured around the canopy, not directly on the trunk or fruit, so as not to cause rotten or cracked fruit. After watering, the soil should be loosened in time to maintain the air permeability of the soil.
Weeding: Jackfruit has a shallow root system and is not drought tolerant, so it is necessary to weed frequently, keep the soil soft, reduce water evaporation, and prevent weeds from competing with jackfruit for nutrients and water. When weeding, be careful not to hurt the root system of jackfruit, and do not overturn the soil, so as not to affect the growth of jackfruit.
Pest and disease prevention: The main diseases of jackfruit are jackfruit anthracnose, jackfruit wilt, jackfruit leaf spot, etc., and the main insect pests are jackfruit aphid, jackfruit mites, jackfruit fruit flies, etc. The prevention and control methods are as follows:
Enhance the disease resistance of jackfruit, reasonable fertilization and watering, keep the soil moist, and avoid high temperature and drought.
Choose healthy seeds or grafted seedlings, disinfect soil and tools, and remove pests and diseases from branches and fruits in time to prevent the spread of germs and eggs.
Spray pesticides in a timely manner to control pests and diseases. In case of anthrax, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed 800-1000 times;In case of wilt, 50% methyl tobuzin wettable powder can be sprayed 600-800 times;In case of leaf spot disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be sprayed with 1000-1500 times;In case of aphids, you can spray 1000-1500 times of 40% oxidized dimethoate ECIn case of mites, you can spray 1500-2000 times of 20% dimethoate EC;In case of fruit flies, 5% malathion emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed 2000-3000 times.
Harvest and storage: The ripening period of jackfruit is generally from October to November, the fruit turns from green to yellow, black spots appear on the skin, and the flesh becomes soft, exuding a rich aroma, which is a sign of ripeness. When harvesting, it should be handled with care, avoid bruising, cut off the fruit stalk with scissors or a knife, and retain a certain fruit stalk for easy handling. After harvesting, jackfruit should be cleaned in time, impurities removed, graded and packaged, and placed in a ventilated and cool place to avoid direct sunlight and prolong the shelf life. It is best to store jackfruit at a temperature of 10-15 and a relative humidity of 85-90%, which can maintain the quality and flavor of jackfruit.
The above is an introduction to jackfruit cultivation methods, I hope you can enjoy it, and I hope you can successfully grow sweet and juicy jackfruit. Thank you for reading and have a great day!