Achieving high-quality development is one of the essential requirements of Chinese modernization. High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. So, where is the high quality?What are the new characteristics of high-quality development compared with the past development model?
Today, let's focus on the key word "tougher". Only with greater resilience can we have sufficient determination to cope with today's more complex risks and challenges. **The general secretary pointed out: "Maintaining concentration, enhancing confidence, and concentrating on doing our own things well are the keys to our response to various risks and challenges. ”
South breeders: "Chasing the sun" breeds good seeds
There is food in the hand, and there is no panic in the heart. By stabilizing the ballast stone of food security, we will have the confidence and determination to respond to risks and challenges and achieve high-quality economic and social development. Seeds are the "chips" of food. In order to stabilize China's rice bowl, we must grasp the seeds of China.
In the area of Sanya, Lingshui and Ledong in Hainan, the National Southern Breeding Research and Breeding Base is located here. The light and heat resources here are sufficient, the seeds can be multiplied, and the breeding cycle of new varieties is greatly shortened. This piece 2680,000 acres of land has bred more than 70% of the country's new crop varieties. Every winter and spring, thousands of agricultural researchers from all over the country gather here to breed and produce seeds. It can be said that the good sunshine and high temperature are their test fields, so they are also known as "sun chasers". Yu Xinqiao is one of them. Not long ago, he led his team from Shanghai to Lingshui, Hainan Province, to continue the breeding research of "water-saving and drought-resistant rice".
Yu Xinqiao, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been using the land of Nanfan to specialize in rice breeding for 40 years. Every winter, Yu Xinqiao will bring the team here for breeding and cultivation. His breeding team used to study traditional rice, but later switched to water-saving and drought-resistant rice.
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:Nearly 70% of the land in our country is low- and medium-yielding fields, and the reason for the lack of yield is drought. The traditional cultivation method is flood irrigation. Everyone knows that when you step on your foot and bubble, that's methane emissions. Growing water-saving and drought-resistant rice can reduce methane emissions by more than 90%.
Yu Xinqiao's team has developed a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety suitable for planting in dry land, slope land and saline-alkali land, which can achieve green cultivation with less water and fertilizer due to its excellent characteristics, and is easy to plant and survive. In the early stage of the study, although the results were prominent, and the yield increased by 2 or 3 times compared with the traditional upland rice, there was still a big gap compared with the yield of rice. To this end, Yu Xinqiao spent 9 years and carried out 18 cross-breeding of paddy fields and dry fields.
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:From 8 a.m. onwards, you should stay in the ground to see when a spike blooms. From the beginning of the seedlings to the entire growth period to the maturity stage, it is necessary to observe it in the field day by day.
After observing over time and selecting and breeding from tens of thousands of improved materials, Yu Xinqiao's team finally found the ideal seed resources and successfully cultivated more than 30 varieties of water-saving and drought-resistant rice.
In 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture officially included water-saving and drought-resistant rice in the "rice family". In 2020, the team developed water-saving and drought-resistant varieties represented by "Hanyou 73" for large-scale application, with strong drought resistance in the field, excellent rice quality and easy planting, and an average yield of more than 600 kg under dry planting and drought management conditions, and won the first prize of the "National Science and Technology Progress Award". Good seeds come out, and the next step is to promote planting. But getting farmers to change their traditional farming methods is not an easy task.
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:At that time, four of us carried snakeskin bags and about 80 catties of seeds to a village in Fengyang, Anhui Province. When I first went to a farmer's house, I said you should grow our water-saving and drought-resistant rice, which can be grown in the same way as wheat. The farmer directly blasted us out and said that it was **, rice rice, what rice is it called if you don't have water".
In the face of difficulties, Yu Xinqiao did not give up. He found a large grain grower in the village and decided to sign an agreement with him to talk about "harvest".
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:One acre of land guarantees a yield of 550 kilograms, and I will pay you less than that, but you must grow my rice according to my cultivation method. The farmer reluctantly accepted, and we kept sending people over to teach him what to do.
The family planted a total of 5 acres of rice. Under the careful guidance of agricultural technicians, the yield of that year reached about 600 kilograms per mu.
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:When the rice was ripe, we held an on-site meeting, and the common people also spread the word to ten, ten to hundred. In the second year, it gradually expanded (planting area) by dozens, hundreds, and thousands of acres.
Today, the annual promotion area of water-saving and drought-resistant rice in the country exceeds 5 million mu, increasing grain output by 650 million kilograms and saving 2 billion tons of water resources every year. It is mainly planted in the Huaihe River Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and parts of South China and Southwest China, and ranks first in the popularization and planting area of hybrid rice in Anhui Province for many years.
Yu Xinqiao, researcher of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences:When we go out with the varieties we breed, the happiest thing is to go to the people's fields and see some of the situations of our production demonstrations. Because you see your "child" thrive, and really bring a good harvest and joy to the farmers, which is what we are most happy about.
Chinese grain in a bowl Chinese grain Chinese grain is used in Chinese seeds
Year after year, hard work, perseverance rooted in the land, it is the perseverance of these "sun chasers" that gives us the confidence to hold our jobs. At present, the coverage rate of improved varieties of crops in China is more than 96%, and the area of self-selected varieties accounts for more than 95%.
China's energy supply and reserve system is constantly improving
In addition to food, there is another job bowl that must also be secured, and that is energy. Because energy is industrial food. In recent years, from traditional energy to clean energy, China's energy supply and reserve system has been continuously improved.
In the field of traditional energy, in August this year, China's largest oil and gas field "Changqing Oilfield" produced more than 600 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
In November, Sinopec's "Shendi No. 1" jumped into Well 3-3 and successfully obtained high-yield oil and gas flow from 9,432 meters underground, setting a new record for the deepest well in Asia.
Offshore, China's offshore oil exploration and development capabilities have fully entered the "ultra-deepwater era". Just this month, well A12, the development well with the highest pressure in the second phase of the "Shenhai No. 1" project, completed drilling operations, setting a new record for the pressure level of deepwater development wells in China.
In the field of clean energy, in December last year, all units of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, which has the world's largest single unit capacity, were put into operation, building the world's largest "clean energy corridor".
In May this year, China's first deep-sea floating wind power platform, CNOOC Guanlan, was successfully connected to the grid and put into operation, delivering green electricity to offshore oil and gas fields.
A series of energy achievements and technological breakthroughs are an important embodiment of the continuous enhancement of China's energy security capacity.
With the technology in your hand, you can build a wheel that will go to the world
Maintaining concentration and tenacity is not only the "magic weapon" for us to calmly respond to risks and challenges, but also the inevitable requirement for us to promote high-quality development with continuous scientific and technological innovation.
The high level of development of small and medium-sized enterprises is key to promoting high-quality development. In recent years, a large number of specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises, "little giant" enterprises and individual champion enterprises in the manufacturing industry have accelerated the release of great energy for development.
Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment, located in Shanxi, is a provincial-level "specialized, special and new" small and medium-sized enterprise, and the production of high-speed rail wheels and axles is a key component to ensure the safe operation of trains. However, ten years ago, China did not have its own production capacity. In order to make China's high-speed rail wear "domestic shoes", scientific researchers have made unremitting efforts to carry out technical research. What kind of R&D path is this?Let's take a look
In Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in winter, the wind is cold. In the production workshop of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment, the intelligent production line is rumbling, and it can produce a wheel in less than a minute.
However, ten years ago, it was challenging to start tackling domestic high-speed rail wheels and axles, and the product standards were too high to be imagined by R&D personnel.
Zhang Lei, Director of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Office:The high-speed rail wheel has a detection point, which is the static unbalance value, which is related to the stability of the high-speed rail wheel when running at high speed. The product requirement is 25 grams per meter, and when we start drying, it is about 50 grams per meter, which is difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed rail products.
The smaller the static unbalance value, the smaller the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rail wheels and the higher the stability, so the production process is extremely demanding. The machining accuracy of key machine tools and key processes must reach 001~0.02 mm, which is about one-fifth the diameter of a hair.
Zhang Lei, Director of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Office:At that time, there were no domestic products in China, all of them were imported from foreign technology, and foreign countries had a strict technical blockade, and we could not get any benchmarking parameters from them.
The production of high-speed rail wheels and axles started 15 years earlier than China in Europe and the United States. Therefore, initially, China's high-speed rail wheels and shaft products could only rely on imports.
Although the products were imported to China, foreign companies signed strict confidentiality agreements for high-speed iron wheels and axles imported from China at that time. Domestic technicians can observe the appearance of the product, but cannot use professional tools to measure specific parameters;You can watch it fly in orbit, but you can't disassemble and analyze its materials. Even if the wheels have been scrapped, foreign companies will buy them back, and they will not leave us a piece.
China needs its own high-speed rail technology, and domestic companies such as Taizhong have begun to target this "stuck neck" technology. In 2013, Taizhong Group established a special rail transit equipment company, organized technical research, and determined to win the high-speed rail wheel and axle technology belonging to the Chinese.
Zhang Lei, Director of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Office:At that time, our foundation was relatively thin, and there were only a handful of technicians engaged in this high-speed rail project at that time, and some of them had only one technician.
There is no drawing reference, no data reference, the R&D team with determination, embarked on the road of technical research.
China's territory is vast, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is even 50, and the high-speed rail train has to run in a complex and changeable environment. The hardness of the wheel material should be high, so that the life can be longer;At the same time, it is necessary to ensure toughness and meet the safety of operation at any temperature.
Gao Kang, Senior Engineer of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Room:It is very difficult to raise these two indicators at the same time, it is a contradiction, a seesaw relationship, one side is high, and the other side is low.
To improve these two indicators, more than 10 links are involved. A little more or less metal elements, a temperature of one degree higher and one degree lower, may produce a "butterfly effect" and affect performance. R&D personnel need to find the answer from the permutations and combinations of tens of thousands of processes.
Gao Kang, Senior Engineer of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Room:Our team members are very strong and never give up. Basically, when they are particularly stressful, they all eat and live in the laboratory. After failing again and again, and repeating the experiment, I finally found a very reasonable solution.
Overcoming difficulties The performance of domestic high-speed rail wheels has fully caught up with foreign countries
In 2015, after hundreds of tests, the R&D team finally found the most suitable material solution, so that the high-speed rail wheels can have good toughness and hardness at the same time. However, how to transform theoretical data into actual products, we still need to continue to overcome the problem of production and manufacturing.
Gao Kang, Senior Engineer of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Room:The manufacturing of high-speed rail products requires not only materials and processes, but also forging and forming. Like this part of the mold, it is an indispensable tooling tool for forging high-speed rail wheel products. In the beginning, there were certainly no ready-made molds available.
The forging mold of high-speed rail wheels is not ready-made, the scientific research team has trial-produced more than 100 molds before and after, and after continuous improvement and optimization, finally in 2016, the use of suitable molds to create qualified high-speed rail wheels. In 2017, Taizhong Railway Co., Ltd. successfully obtained the certification of China Railway Inspection and Certification Center (CRCC) and began batch loading tests.
The R&D team has reduced the static unbalance value index related to the running stability of the wheel from 50 g·m to 15 g·m, which is much better than the required standard of 25 g·m. Whether it is toughness or hardness, hundreds of performance data have fully caught up with the most advanced level of foreign enterprises in the same industry.
Zhang Lei, Director of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Office:Our products are superior to foreign products in various performance indicators, including operating status, which we are very confident in.
At present, the one-time pass rate of wheels and axles produced by the company has reached more than 99%, and Taizhong Rail Company has also become the world's only R&D and manufacturing base for wheels, axles, gearboxes and wheelsets for rail transit.
Not long ago, Taizhong Railway Company became the first company in China to obtain the Q2** business rating in the world's most stringent German railway certification evaluation, which is the highest evaluation that non-German local enterprises can get. At present, the wheel and shaft products produced by the company are exported to more than 70 countries and regions around the world, accounting for more than 40% of all orders, of which more than 80% are from the "Belt and Road" countries.
Gao Kang, Senior Engineer of Taiyuan Heavy Industry Rail Transit Equipment Technology Room:Whenever we travel on the high-speed rail, I tell my children that the wheels of our high-speed rail are made by my father. The children are very happy, very happy, and I am very proud.
Security and development are two wings of one body and two wheels of drive
Taking the initiative to grasp food security and energy security has given us the confidence to deal with risks and challenges. The tenacity of scientific research and innovation and long-term success of enterprises has strongly supported the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry. So, how do you see the significance of new characteristics such as "more tenacious" to promote high-quality development?
**Associate Professor Hao Dong of the Party School (National Academy of Administration):Development and security are two wings of one body and two wheels of drive. Security and development are an organic unity, security is the premise of development, insecurity will have a great impact on development, and even make development unsustainable, and development without security is unstable and fragile. At the same time, non-development is the greatest insecurity, and security without development is short-lived and unstable. Therefore, whether it is the Chinese's rice bowl to be served in the hands of the Chinese, the Chinese's rice bowl to be filled with Chinese's grain, or our continuous promotion of the ** chain and the industrial chain system to be more tenacious, are all inevitable measures to effectively prevent and resolve major risks and promote high-quality development. We need to better coordinate the relationship between development and security, achieve high-level security through high-quality development, and further promote high-quality development through high-level security. A high level of security requires a firm grasp of safety in one's own hands. The current insecurity factors of development need to be supplemented by high-quality economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other developments, and continuously improve the ability to prevent and resolve risks, so as to make development more resilient.