In the long river of history, the Song, Liaojin and Jin dynasties were an era of multicultural integration and political disputes. The question of who represents Chinese orthodoxy has been controversial. Stories of traditional Chinese culture
As a representative of the Central Plains Dynasty, the Song Dynasty considered itself to be the legitimate successor of the Central Plains culture. In terms of system, law, culture, etc., the Song Dynasty actively absorbed the excellent traditions of the previous dynasties, and innovated and developed on this basis. In its attitude towards foreign regimes such as the Liao and Jin, the Song Dynasty always adhered to the orthodox concept and considered itself the legitimate successor of the Central Plains. However, the Song dynasty also had some complex issues in its treatment of ethnic, cultural, and political identity.
In the process of its establishment, the Liao Dynasty not only occupied the northern region politically, but also actively absorbed the culture of the Central Plains in terms of culture and system. The Sinicization reform of the Liao Dynasty made it have more in common with the Central Plains Dynasty in terms of politics, economy, and culture. Therefore, during the Liao Dynasty, the legitimacy of this dynasty was widely recognized.
After the destruction of the Liao, the Jin Dynasty occupied the Central Plains and gradually developed on this basis. The Jin Dynasty inherited the traditions of the Liao Dynasty in terms of political system and cultural traditions, and absorbed the institutions and culture of the Song Dynasty to a certain extent. During the Jin Dynasty, cultural exchanges and integration between the Jurchen and Han ethnic groups were further strengthened, and the legitimacy of the Jin Dynasty was more widely recognized.
On the whole, the legitimacy of China during the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties was pluralistic rather than singular. Although the Song Dynasty developed culturally and institutionally, the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty also inherited and developed the Central Plains culture to varying degrees, and ruled the Central Plains region to varying degrees politically. The historical development of this period fully demonstrates the exchange, integration and innovation of cultures, and also reflects the complexity and diversity of political disputes and ethnic relations.
Therefore, we cannot simply assert which dynasty represented Chinese orthodoxy. Each dynasty has its own unique culture, history, and development trajectory, and together they form a long scroll of China's rich and colorful history. Respecting history, promoting cultural exchanges and national unity are the attitudes we should uphold.
Fei Wenzhong. December 25, 2023 in Suzhou Kongdeju.
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