How to select talents in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty?What are the rules and restrictions?
Before the Tang Dynasty, the development of ancient Chinese society had always maintained a stable situation, and the national policy was relatively stable. However, during the Tang Dynasty, with the changes in national policies and political systems, the entire social landscape also underwent earth-shaking changes.
One of the most significant changes was the rise of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty. The promotion of this system has not only reshaped the social structure, but also had a profound impact on the way the country is governed.
Historically, dynasties before the Tang Dynasty also implemented the imperial examination system, but they were far less complete than those of the Tang Dynasty. This was also a key factor in the Tang Dynasty becoming the peak of social change in ancient China.
So, to what extent did the imperial examination system reach during the Tang Dynasty?What far-reaching impact did it have on the society at that time?Let's dive in.
Before the Tang Dynasty, China's talent selection system mainly included three methods: inspection, recommendation and recruitment, but each had its own advantages and disadvantages, so there was no unified national talent selection system at that time.
This was the origin of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system became the focal point of the state and was greatly promoted. From the beginning of the Tang Dynasty to the period of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system was mainly divided into two examination methods: regular subjects and system subjects.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the examinations of the Ministry of Officials and the Ministry of Rites were the main forms of regular examination, but after the middle of the Tang Dynasty, this form gradually evolved into an examination method centered on Taixue.
By the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, with the gradual localization of the imperial examination system, local examiners began to emerge. The examiners were recommended by the locality, and they became the main ones in the imperial examination system later.
By the end of the Tang Dynasty, the rulers began to gradually abolish the imperial examination system due to the gradual emergence of the disadvantages of the imperial examination system.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the country gradually stabilized, and he decided to restore the imperial examination system, focusing on the Jinshi department. Since its establishment in the Sui Dynasty, Jinshi has been one of the important examination subjects in China.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, in order to select talents, Jinshike came into being. During the period of Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, in order to select more talents, Jinshi gradually evolved into an examination subject that combined Jinshi and Ming Jing.
The imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty was divided into two types: regular subjects and system subjects, each with its own characteristics and requirements.
1.The regular department and the system were the two major imperial examination systems in the Tang Dynasty, and the regular department was in charge of the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Officials, and the Taixue, while the system was dominated by Taixue. Both of these imperial examination systems were permanent during the Tang Dynasty and did not change with the change of the country.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, in order to select talents, the regular department was established, and with the gradual rise of the national strength of the Tang Dynasty, the regular examination also began to move closer to Taixue. The system of subjects is an examination method based on Taixue, which was not originally established in the early Tang Dynasty.
2.During the Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi and Ming Jing exams were held together, and the Ming Jing was a subject specially established by the state.
Jinshi and Ming Jing were important parts of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, among which Jinshi was dominant. Although both belong to the imperial examination subjects, their assessment content and focus are very different.
In the early days, the mastery of Confucian classics was mainly examined, but in the later Tang Dynasty, the assessment content of the Ming Classics gradually shifted to Confucian classic knowledge and literature. This reflects the importance of the Confucian classics in the imperial examinations.
From the late Tang Dynasty onwards, the Ming Classics' investigation of Confucian classical knowledge and literature gradually became the focus. The imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty gradually became the main way to select talents, and also brought many outstanding talents to the Tang Dynasty.
The imperial examinations were presided over by the provinces and were held three times during the Wu Zetian period. The number of admissions is mainly based on the number of people who take the examination, and it is recorded that the number of people who took the examination in the initial period reached more than 90,000.
During the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the state grew in strength, with 140,000 participants in the imperial examinations. In that era, under the influence of Confucianism, the imperial examinations were usually presided over by the locality.
This has directly led to students from all over the country participating in the imperial examinations. Despite this, judging from the number of admissions, the number of participants in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty was not large.
This also provides a path for the children of poor families to realize their ideals and ambitions.
The Tang Dynasty was an important period in Chinese history, and its selection system also underwent tremendous changes. Before the Tang Dynasty, China's selection system was mainly hereditary, but in order to better discover and select talents, the Tang Dynasty pioneered the imperial examination system, which was also an important milestone in Chinese history.
Although the imperial examination system was first established in the Sui Dynasty, it was gradually perfected during the Tang Dynasty. Prior to this, people relied mainly on hereditary and referral systems to select talents. However, during the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, improved these methods, selected talents through examinations, and formulated detailed rules for the imperial examinations, which played a role in promoting the development of the imperial examinations.
During the Tang Dynasty, the main contents of the imperial examination included: examination subjects, examination forms, candidate qualifications, and examination rules. Among them, the regular examination is conducted regularly every year, and the system is determined according to the selection of **.
The content of the regular examination includes poetry, fu, treatise and strategy, while the content of the system is more diverse. In general, the imperial examination during the Tang Dynasty was mainly based on poetry, fu, treatise and strategy, and was selected through two forms: regular standing examination and selection according to the system of ** selection.
The improvement and innovation of these examination rules enabled the development and popularization of the imperial examination system during the Tang Dynasty, which had a profound impact on China's political, economic and social development.
The Standing Examination is an important way to select **, and its content is mainly based on scripture and literature. During the Tang Dynasty, the selection was based on morality, and the examination played an important role in the selection process.
*The selection criteria vary from person to person, for **, virtue and talent are the primary considerations, while for ordinary people, personal ability and social status are more important.
The methods of selecting talents have their own emphasis, and the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty is divided into two types: regular and systematic. The Five Classics are often used as the main content of the investigation, covering subjects such as the Book of Rites, the Analects, and the Book of Filial PietyThe system is mainly based on policy and inquiry, and examines the "Five Classics", "Four Books", "Three History" and so on.
The two exams are distinctive, complementary, and held on a regular basis and cannot be replaced.
During the Tang Dynasty, in order to prevent candidates from forming small groups and causing political corruption, the imperial court selected candidates. In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor personally presided over the selection examinations, which helped to prevent the creation of small cliques.
During the Tang Dynasty, candidates were selected through two methods: regular examination and system selection, and this system was also followed by the later imperial examinations. In the Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination was abolished because of the need to maintain the rule.
The far-reaching impact of the imperial examination system on the society of the Tang Dynasty During the Tang Dynasty, the advancement of the imperial examination system had a profound impact on the society, and these influences were mainly reflected in the following aspects.
Before the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system was not widely popular. The main way to select talents is the examination, and the content of the examination is mainly Confucian classics, which is relatively simple and has little to do with politics, so few people in the society at that time obtained fame in this way.
However, during the Tang Dynasty, the popularity of the imperial examination system was very high, and the rulers of the Tang Dynasty regarded the imperial examination system as one of the important ways to select the best, which gave more people the opportunity to obtain fame in this way.
With the continuous development and improvement of the imperial examination system, its forms have become richer and more diverse, and it can better meet the needs of social development. This way of selecting talents is conducive to the national talent reserve and provides more talent strength for national development.
New Copywriting: During the Tang Dynasty, the development and improvement of the imperial examination system was inseparable from the social, political, economic, and cultural prosperity of the time. "The rule of Zhenguan"、"Kaiyuan prosperous"and other prosperous political environments"Anshi Rebellion"、"The Yonghui Rebellion"The economic background of internal and external troubles, as well as various factors of social prosperity at that time, jointly promoted the maturity of the imperial examination system.
The selection of talents through the imperial examination further promoted the socio-economic and cultural prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, which was the system and measures needed for social development. The implementation of the imperial examination system also promoted cultural exchanges and ideological progress, breaking the monolithic social status and ideological pattern of ancient society.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the rulers recognized the importance of cultural development and hoped to promote the progress of the country's culture in this way. In this process, the Tang Dynasty shared similar values and cultural pursuits with neighboring countries, providing a favorable environment for cultural exchanges during the Tang Dynasty.
At the same time, the economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty led many countries to admire the image of this civilized power. Under these circumstances, the Tang Dynasty selected talents through the imperial examination system, which attracted many countries to come for cultural exchanges and ideological collisions.
This not only promoted the cultural exchanges and development of the Tang Dynasty with other countries, but also promoted the political, economic, and cultural exchanges and cooperation between the Tang Dynasty and the surrounding countries, forming closer ties.
This method is an important way to promote the development of ancient Chinese society, which not only promotes the exchange and cooperation of talents, but also cultivates a large number of excellent human resources for ancient Chinese society, and further enhances the strength of social talent reserves.
Through the imperial examination system, Tang Dynasty society was able to absorb a large number of outstanding talents, which also promoted the continuous improvement and innovation of the Tang Dynasty's social and cultural level. It is this way of talent selection and exchange that enabled the Tang Dynasty to achieve many excellent results in the field of culture and create a good cultural atmosphere and environment.
It prompted the Tang Dynasty to achieve more far-reaching reforms and innovations in the political, economic, and cultural fields, and also promoted extensive exchanges and cooperation with the outside world.
Pros and cons of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty: Although it had a positive impact at the time, it also had certain limitations. It is mainly manifested in three aspects:1The number of ** selected by the examination is small, and it is not necessarily a suitable candidate;2.Some ** don't really like to be officials, but just take the imperial examination for work.
1.The imperial examination system relies too much on examination results and ignores the comprehensiveness of the selection, resulting in deviations in the selection criteria. 2.In ancient society, the imperial examination system regarded fame and birth as equally important, ignoring the influence of other abilities in the selection of **, which had obvious limitations.
3.The imperial examination system does not take into account other factors that affect the selection, and compared with modern society, it lacks a comprehensive standard for measuring the rationality and fairness of the selection.
The imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty was established, in order to ensure the fairness and justice of the first selection, after reform, the imperial examination system was an important part of it in its heyday. In order to ensure the fairness and scientificity of the imperial examination system, the Tang rulers developed a series of effective systems.
Among them, the regular course is a fixed annual examination, which mainly examines the Four Books and the Five Classics. But this has also led to the inability of many outstanding talents to step into officialdom due to personal factors, resulting in a lack of national talents.
The subject system is a selection method that determines the type of talent to be admitted based on the subjects studied and the test results of the candidates. Since the decision of the department is made by the emperor, it covers a wider range of fields.
The system mainly includes three subjects: Xiucai, Mingjing and Jinshi, each with different examination requirements. The talents selected through these examinations will be included in the ranks of the national establishment.
Although the Tang Dynasty established the ** selection system, it did not improve and innovate it, and did not make relevant regulations for the ** selection in the early stage. Therefore, there were certain limitations and drawbacks in the selection of the Tang Dynasty, and these problems were only improved and solved to a certain extent in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
2. Tang Dynasty Imperial Examination: From the Sui Dynasty to the Improvement of the Tang Dynasty Imperial Examination System originated from the Sui Dynasty, and after the development and improvement of the Tang Dynasty, it has become an important way to select outstanding talents.
The imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty was divided into four levels: the township examination, the guild examination, the palace examination, and the cijinshi and the first. If you want to become a jinshi, you must pass the selection of these four levels of exams. The examination subjects mainly cover four categories: poetry, scriptures, questions and essays, and the propositions and marks are respectively responsible for different ** to ensure the quality of the test papers.
In the Tang Dynasty, poetry and scripture dominated the country, and the outstanding talents selected were called "lifting people", and they usually served at the grassroots level. Inquiries and essays have become an important means of selecting "jinshi".
In Tang Dynasty society, in order to become a jinshi, one had to pass the exams in these two subjects. However, this does not mean that everyone can become a jinshi, and only by passing the exams in these two subjects can you obtain the status of jinshi.
This system played a key role in the development of the society at that time, it ensured the fairness and justice of the selection process, and it was also one of the fairest and most just systems in ancient society.
The author's view is that the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty played a key role in social development in the early period, but in the later period, the imperial examination system gradually became a tool of domination. The development of the imperial examination system had a profound impact on the society at that time, not only had a significant impact on the political system at that time, but also had an important impact on China's ancient education system.
However, in the late Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system gradually became a tool of rule, hindering the development of China's ancient education system. In the late Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system had become a political tool, which made great changes in China's ancient education system in the late Tang Dynasty.