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In October of the first year of Longwu (1645), when Lu Jianguo was at a loss for the problem of land distribution and salary, he knew that the salary and land distribution were uneven, and Fang Guoan was flying and arrogant to occupy the soldiers' salaries and the righteous army had no salaries.
One day in November, an altar was built on top of the top of Guanshan Mountain. On this day, "the flag is in the sky, and the carriages and horses are weaving". Lu Jianguo held a grand ceremony to worship the generals and seal the group here. Bai Fang Guoan is the general, ** battalions, unified command of the anti-Qing army on the river.
At the same time, Jin Fang Guoan was the Duke of Jing Guo, and Wang Zhiren was the Marquis of Wuning. Lu Jianguo's original intention was to hold such a grand ceremony, which would inspire Fang Guoan's loyalty. It backfired.
Fang Guoan, the word Panshi, is a native of Guiyang, Guizhou. Chongzhen was an official to the general army. At the beginning of the Lu Jianguo, he was named the Marquis of Zhendong and stationed in Yanzhou. He has no record of success, but he can recruit rebels and create incidents.
When the Hongguang regime in Nanjing collapsed, the cabinet minister Ma Shiying hijacked the empress dowager and fled to Hangzhou, Zhejiang, wanting to support Zhu Changshu, the king of Lu, to supervise the country, but was refused, and was attacked by the ministers and difficult to gain a foothold.
Fleeing to Zhu Yihai, the king of Shaoxing, he was still strictly refused, and the officials and gentlemen attacked him, calling him a traitor and wanting to kill him.
Wang Siren, the secretary of Jiujiang, wrote a letter asking for "the head of Shiying to be beheaded and the provinces to be transmitted" to atone for his crime of deceiving the king and misleading the country. Liu Zongzhou also advocated "not killing the heroes to win the hearts of the people who have collapsed", he was panicked like a lost dog, with nowhere to stay, and finally fled to Yanzhou in embarrassment to join the country's national security army to take refuge.
Soon Fang Guoan took Ruan Dacheng in again. It turned out that Ruan Dacheng followed Emperor Hongguang to flee to Wuhu, Emperor Hongguang was captured, he retreated to Jinhua with Zhu Dadian, Dadian wanted to stay in the army to govern affairs, after the people learned about it, they denounced it, called it a traitor, and Dadian then sent it to Yanzhou.
In this way, Ma and Ruan became Fang Guoan's guests. They share a bitter resentment at the misfortune that has befallen them, and they will seek revenge for this nameless vengeance. They voted for the national security and soon colluded together.
Although the subjects and scholars all hated Ma and Ruan. Fang Guoan trusted him very much and then asked for Ma Shiying to enter the court, but he was immediately opposed, and Zhang Guowei "impeached him for ten major crimes, but he did not dare to enter".
However, the subordinates' calls for the killing of Ma and Ruan were still endless, but Lu Jianguo "could not be punished." With this reward and punishment, the morale is depressed". And that's not all. When he saw that Fang Guoan was sheltering Ma and Ruan, not only did he not pursue them, but he even ordered Ma Shiying to supervise Fang Guoan's army.
There is no end to evil, and there is no end to evil. Fang Guoan rarely served the country, and after Ma and Ruan arrived, they "discussed the land and salary" with them, ignoring state affairs.
The frenzied embezzlement of military salaries caused many rebels to have no salaries to obtain, forced them to disband, and put the cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty in a difficult situation.
After Fang Guo'an paid homage to the general, although he organized more than ten battles, "no defeat and no victory".
Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's Belle Bolo division had not yet returned to Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty's policy was to hold Hangzhou and not attack for the time being. And Yarrow accumulates strength, so at this moment, Fang Guoan's army frequently attacks, not only wasting troops, but also lurking in crisis. He himself, together with Lu Jianguo, did not know about this.
Lu Jianguo did not seriously analyze the temporary military stalemate and take active countermeasures, and repeated the mistake of the Hongguang regime in intoxication and promotion of turbidity and chaos.
Lu Jianguo Zhu Yihai's favored concubine Zhang, is a native of Xiaoshan.
After Zhu Yihai supervised Shaoxing, Fang Li became the concubine. Because of her favor, her father Zhang Guojun was made an earl. Zhang Guojun, who is a villain, relies on the relationship between the imperial family, "the eunuchs Ke Fengyi and Li Guofu are inside, and the fierce generals Fang Guoan and Wang Zhiren are relied on outside." quite bribes".
Zhang Guojun and others are powerful, "the anger is poured into China and the world." The enemy is close at hand, and the city is wide in mourning clothes, and the song continues the banquet as usual."
What they did disrupted the government. It chills the hearts of the upright, and the road to the virtuous is blocked. Soon, there was a matter of Ke Fengyi and Li Guofu concurrently controlling military salaries as eunuchs, which caused opposition from the courtiers.
Lu Jianguo disagreed, thinking that the ministers were making a big fuss and should not be like this, so they ignored it. Qian Sule couldn't hold back the righteous indignation in his heart, and went up to expose the serious problems in the imperial court. openly criticized the indulgence of the emperor's relatives and relatives and the many shortcomings of the government, and named names.
It's a kind of courage. However, Shu Shang did not seem to touch Lu Jianguo, but made Zhang Guojun and Fang (Guoan), Wang (Zhiren), Ma (Shiying) Ruan (Dacheng), Ke (Fengyi), Li (Guofu) and others "hate".
Zhang Guojun especially hated Qian Su to the bone.
At this time, Xie Sanbin, a speculative figure who played a very disgraceful role in the Ningbo Anti-Qing Rebellion, begging for mercy and subsidizing the army with his family, was actively preparing to infiltrate the imperial court. He bribed and opened the joints. Zhang Guojun, who obtained the "Golden Ten Thousand Taels", "threatened the prison country, and the three guests will be in the cardinal".
So Zhu Yihai appointed Xie Sanbin as the secretary of the Ministry of Rites and the scholar of Dongge University. Xie Sanbin's entry into the cabinet further aggravated the chaos of the small court, and they colluded to squeeze out and crack down on Qian Sule and other upright ministers and spared no effort. At this time, Fang Guoan and others were fighting for salary.
After entering the first year of the Jianguo (the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, 1646), the rebel army was almost completely unpaid.
Things have gotten out of hand. Originally, it was Xiong Rulin and Sun Jiaji who raised the banner of righteousness for the first time in eastern Zhejiang, and led the people to jointly support and establish the imperial court of the prison state.
Later, the "remnants of the deceased" came one after another, and Fang Guoan had heavy military power for a while, and there was a situation of "the guest is on top". Xiong, Sun and others put the overall situation first, accept this reality, and are willing to "help each other". But Fang Guoan was "unintentional." Millions in a year".
These salaries were all paid by the people of the eight counties controlled at that time, and the burden on the people was heavy, and the "rich and poor were exhausted", which was an extremely serious problem.
Faced with this situation, Chen Hanhui, who worshiped the second Shangshu of the salute soldiers, sighed:
"Eight counties!The armies are still insatiable with food, and they are abandoning the people. The soldiers from the north are growing day by day, and I don't know what this body is listening to!”His worries were all true. But the sad thing is that almost all the military salaries brutally scavenged from the people were usurped by Fang Guoan and others, but the vast number of rebels had no share. Qian Sule, Sun Jiaji and others could no longer support it because they had no money to raise, so they even asked to give up their military power and put their troops under the command of Wu Kai, the far uncle, but Lu Jianguo did not allow it.
So Qian Sule said again:
"The soldiers had to disperse. But the ministers came with righteousness, and the great revenge was not revenged, and they did not dare to return to the tomb of Anlu. On the day of the stragglers, he is willing to lead a few people to join the army for self-efficacy. ”This is a painful and sincere word, if Lu Jianguo can be a little bit of a master and reasonably distribute the embarrassing military salary, he will not cause the righteous army to collapse, but he has no idea at all, and will only issue a useless "warm will to stay". At this time, the opponents spread rumors and slandered that Qian Sule "abandoned the army and fled into Fujian" to become the minister of the Longwu Dynasty. And there are rumors that someone has sent strong men to ambush on the way, ready to rob and kill.
Qian Sule no longer hesitated, left the army, and said, "Worship the watch".
"From now on, the minister will go into the mountain and leave the world forever. Please add a trace to the Lord, and you will not be able to enter Fujian, so that you will be destroyed. ”
After Lu Jianguo was relieved, he was shocked, and was very moved to see that this minister, who had ruined his family and raised troops and supported himself with all his might, had left the court, but considering that his will to go was irretrievable, "so he issued an edict ordering him to go to the sea with Huang Binqing and Zhang Mingzhen to "take Chongming to restore the three Wus."
At the same time, add money and Sule as the secretary of the ministry and the affairs of the household department. It's whimsical!He still didn't know why Qian Sule had made up his mind. The country has been ruined by Fang Guoan and his ilk, and it is very empty!If you don't look at the fact that the rebel armies have broken up one after another, what can we talk about the ambitious Northern Expedition!Qian Sule refused Lu Jianguo's order.
At this time, the righteous army led by Zhang Zhengchen, the imperial history of the capital, was also dispersed because of "no pay". The anti-Qing rebels who were full of loyalty and hope, and the extremely valuable force for revitalizing the country, were buried in vain!
The rebel army was scattered, the loyal ministers were angry, and the state of the prison court was greatly damaged.
Chen Hanhui lost confidence in the regime of Lu Jianguo, which he had so vigorously supported
"Big things go!The husband has no talent, but there is a man who is open, how can it last long?”Unfortunately, what Chen Hanhui said is all true. The "less authoritative" Lu Jianguo is not only unable to cheer up the dynasty and correct the evils of the times, but also difficult to control the domineering ministers.
At that time, among the civil and military courtiers, more and more were pursuing personal gains, and less and less were loyal to the country, and greed had become a trend of competing to imitate. "The generals are arrogant, the ministers are competing for the high lords, please beg. ”
What makes the loyal and upright ministers even more sad is that Lu Jianguo actually let this go, often trying to satisfy his insatiable requests and overflow rewards.
He thought that in this way, he could win people's hearts and stabilize the overall situation, but he didn't know that he was messing up.
Yu Huang, the secretary of the military department, persuaded with a heavy heart:
"Today, the country is more and more dangerous, the government is more and more chaotic, the land has not been restored, and there is no money to defend the war. The ministers asked for sacrifices, and they were not prepared for the steaming of Emperor Sixian;Please be buried, then when the first emperor mountain mausoleum is not camped;Please seal, then when the temple of Emperor Sixian did not enjoy;Please shade, then when the descendants of the first emperor are not protected;Please talk, then the first emperor is not revealed. ”This painstaking exhortation does not seem to have had much effect. The prison country is already in a state of decline. Fang Guoan, the general appointed by Lu Jianguo, had more than enough success and more failures.
Fang Guoan's greed and wanton greed seriously ruined state affairs and delayed the warplane.
Originally, the winter and spring seasons around the first year of the Jianguo Dynasty, for more than half a year, were the time when the enemy's strength was relatively weak and the morale of the Jianguo was high, but Lu Jianguo did not make good use of it to promote the progress of the war.
When the salaries of the army became more and more scarce, especially when the rebels had fallen into a situation of no pay, the situation began to deteriorate sharply. Especially since the spring, the Qing troops who were separated from the Qing army across the river have failed to win repeated battles, and "all battalions are looking west and their hearts are broken", and their morale is low.
At this time, Wang Zhiren went to Shulu and said:
"At the beginning of the incident, everyone has the ambition to take the Yellow Dragon directly, but after a defeat, they want to take Qiantang as a chasm, how can the world bear to speak!The minister is for today's plan, only one foot before death, and he is willing to fight with the shipwreck. I want to die today, and I die in battle;He will die one day, and I am afraid that he will not be able to fight. ”Volunteering and taking the initiative to fight is very commendable. Because since the overturning of the world in Jiashen (1644) and Yiyou (1645), when the Southern Ming regime was established one after another, most of the generals supported their own troops. On weekdays, he is arrogant, despises the court, and when he hears that the enemy is coming, he will not flee and surrender. 'War'One word, although it can't be interesting, but the situation is self-please!”Lu Jianguo could not help but be touched by this.
However, the resistance to the Qing Dynasty must be "one is the strength of the heart", echoing the whole line and coordinating with each other. Because since Fang Guoan was appointed as a general, after the first battalion, he did not pay attention to the cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty, but "did not believe in the expected meeting, and the scheduling was not effective, so there was an uncorrespondingly urgent situation." Although there is no shortage of loyal and patriotic soldiers on the Jianggan, they often "enter the war in one place and retire in the other".
This lack of harmony made it difficult for the war to succeed. Therefore, Lu Jianguo can't directly give orders. The only time to fight for Wang Zhiren is to wait for the opportunity.
On the first day of March, several Qing army ships went down the Qiantang River, and the superintendent Zhang Guowei urgently ordered all battalions to guard the flood land.
Wang Zhiren drove the boat to meet the battle, and hurriedly fired cannons. "The fire-bearer trembles and can't lift it, and the benevolence slashes his people, igniting the fire and breaking a boat. ”
On the same day, the southeast wind rose, and Wang Zhiren led the crowd to "set sail and fight hard, and broke countless boats". Zhang Guowei immediately supervised the army to help the war, "the Qing soldiers were few." The battle was won.
Only Zheng Zunqian led his troops to fish out more than 800 pairs of iron armor abandoned by the Qing people from the river. This was the first great victory of the Jianguo Dynasty against the Qing Dynasty since the beginning of the spring, and it dispelled all kinds of suspicions that people had always had about Wang Zhiren. Wang Zhiren firmly resisted the Qing Dynasty, "the beginning is like a cloud like the sun", and it is revealed to the world. In this regard, "all the brigades in Jianggan are not happy". The hearts of the people were lifted.
After all, Lu Jianguo is the lord of a country, and he has not forgotten the great cause of resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the country. He may have known very well how to mobilize the enthusiasm of his subjects to resist the Qing Dynasty.
March 19 is the death day of Emperor Chongzhen's martyrdom, that is, the so-called auspicious day. Lu Jianguo ordered "the three armies to be vegetarian for one day", and set up a sacrifice in the court hall and cried in person.
I want to use this to inspire everyone's hatred and hatred to resist the Qing Dynasty with all their might. Soon, however, he was overwhelmed with fear.
At the beginning of March, Emperor Longwu sent Lu Qingyuan, the imperial historian of the capital, to relieve 100,000 troops and punish the armies on the Dongjiang River in Zhejiang, no matter how much political purpose it contained, but it was a good thing to fight against the Qing cause after all. As a result, he was killed by Fang Guoan's subordinates.
It turned out that when Lu Qingyuan came, Fang Guoan asked Lu Guoan to hand over the salary book to Lu and make it issue according to the roster, and Qingyuan erased the name of Ma Shiying in the roster. Ma Shiying was furious, so he instigated the generals of the National Security Army to kill Lu Qingyuan, and at the same time "raised the salary". And issued a letter "Shu Longwu crimes". Break things up.
After Zhang Guowei heard about it, he sighed: "Self-poisoning, disaster is not far away!."”
But what is even more frightening is Lu Jianguo, who was already justified in not accepting the edict of Emperor Longwu, and he felt that he was even more guilty and could not explain it. Fearing that they would be provoked, the Fujian side sent troops to beg for it. Therefore, "it was decided to draw troops from the country to conquer the west", and changed the order of Yu Huang, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, and the secretary of the Ministry of Soldiers, to supervise the Jiangshang, "and nothing can be done".
Although the situation was becoming more and more serious, he was soon excited by the good news of the division at sea. In April, Wang Zhengzhong, the head of the military department, led his division across Haiyan and captured the city of Pengpu.
In May, Huang Zongxi led Sun Jiaji, Xiong Rusen's righteous army and Wang Zhengzhong's joint division of 3,000 people, together with Chen Qianfu, the secretary of the Taifu Temple, Wu Dabin, and Zha Jizuo, the head of the military department, led hundreds of people, to Linghai to garrison Tanshan, preparing to capture Haining. This was the most outstanding performance of the soldiers of the Imperial Court in the most difficult period, motivated by loyalty and righteousness.
But the sudden deterioration of the situation undone all the achievements.
In mid-May, Bellebolo was ordered to lead his division to Hangzhou again, and the strength of the Qing troops was strengthened and their morale was greatly boosted. Prepare to cross the Qiantang River and march eastward. At this time, since spring, there has been a great drought and no rain in Zhejiang, and the Qiantang River, which has been rough and deep, has become thin and slight, and the water potential has withered.
This was extremely unfavorable and precarious for the Ming army, which used the Qiantang River as a natural barrier. The Qing army was unable to launch an offensive because the river was difficult to cross, and when this situation was discovered, it was convenient to cross the river with dozens of horsemen on the 25th, and advanced to the east bank.
As a result, Fang Guoan's Qitiaosha area was "scattered", and on the 28th, Fang Guoan led his troops to flee. On the 29th, the city of Shaoxing was alerted by the Qing army to cross the river.
At that time, "all the camps on the river had not moved, and there were few people crossing north", and it was still possible to organize forces to resist. Chen Mengjin, a university scholar, persuaded Lu Jianguo to "make a personal expedition to the six edicts and fly to Jianggan", but at this time, Fang Guoan's soldiers and their families had already rushed into Shaoxing City.
Lu Jianguo was panicked, couldn't come up with an idea, and began to prepare for escape. The next day, he fled Shaoxing to Taizhou surrounded by Fang Guoan's army.
At that time, Fang Guoan had accepted Ruan Dacheng's plan and was ready to abduct Lulu and surrender to the country. It is especially guarded, and secretly contacts the clearance matter. Lu Jianguo soon found out about this and was terrified, but fortunately, the caretaker was ill, and Lu Jianguo secretly ordered Zhang Guowei and others, who rushed to Hu to kill him, and took the opportunity to escape. At this moment, it was difficult for him to gain a foothold on the land, so he panicked into the sea from Haimen and embarked on the road of escape.
After Lu Jianguo escaped, on the first day of June, the Qing troops entered and occupied Shaoxing. Fang Guoan, Ruan Dacheng, Xie Sanbin, Fang Fengnian and others bowed their knees without a fight.
However, other ministers of civil and military affairs did not live up to their conscience and the oath they made when they raised the army, and generously went to justice, writing a historical chapter that can be sung and wept.
When Fang Guoan coerced Lu Jianguo to escape from Shaoxing City, everyone proposed to resist the Qing Dynasty in the city.
Yu Huang, the secretary of the military department and the superintendent, sighed:
"Tens of thousands of troops still can't fight, but they defend the lonely city with the old and weak, and they gather meat to wait for the tiger. ”So the doors were opened wide and the people were allowed to take refuge. Therefore, "one city is complete". After that, he threw himself into the water and died. Wang Siren, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, died of hunger strike when the city was broken. Chen Hanhui lost his hand halfway because he was unable to follow Lu Jianguo, returned to Taizhou, and hanged himself in Yunfeng Mountain. Before he died, he wrote six quatrains and ten chapters, showing his heart. One of its clouds is "born as a person of the Ming Dynasty and died as a ghost of the Ming Dynasty." Laughing at the depths of the white clouds, Xiao Ran is not tired."
When Fang Guoan fled in Jiangganba's camp on 28 May, the battalions dispersed. On the 29th, only Wang Zhiren's army remained on the Qiantang River, and preparations were made to enter the sea from the river. Zhang Guowei told Wang Zhiren that 5,000 troops should be drawn to guard each battalion and hold the river to resist the Qing army.
Wang Zhiren said with tears in his eyes
"The two of us have worked hard for two years, and today we will pay all the water, and the one who harms the world is not others, Fang Jingguo. Hundreds of thousands of Qing soldiers crossed the north bank of Tun, how could the lone army meet the enemy?Our soldiers have a boat to enter the sea, but the public soldiers have no boat, so they can plan quickly. ”This is telling the truth.
Zhang Guowei had no choice but to say goodbye to Wang Zhiren and then reorganized his troops to pursue Lu Jianguo. After chasing to Taizhou, because there was no boat to go to sea, on June 18, he turned back to his hometown Dongyang, preparing to govern the army again. Seven days later, the Qing troops captured Yiwu, but Dongyang did not defend it. The relatives persuaded him to move into the mountains in order to move later.
Zhang Guowei sighed: "Those who misunderstand the world's affairs, Wenshan and Stacked Mountains, are just dead." ”
On the 26th, the Qing soldiers arrived, Zhang Guowei dressed up and bowed to the east, and said: "The ministers are exhausted!."He wrote three chapters of "Desperate Poems" and threw himself into the garden and died.
When Zhang Guowei led the army away, Wang Zhiren sank his wife, concubines and children in the water of Jiaomen, "holding the seal, worshipping in the north, and throwing it into the water." "It is to set up a banner and advocate a cover", pan the sea to Songjiang.
The Qing soldiers thought that they were coming, so they flocked to Nanjing. He "crowned with big sleeves and walked in with his shoulders." The people gathered in astonishment." He calmly entered the Qing Jiangnan Jingluo Hong Chengchou, "claiming to be the commander of the former dynasty, the country should die, I am afraid of being buried in the whale salamander, the death is unknown, and the history of the future generations has no credit, so I came to see it, and I want to die in the ear." ”
Hong Chengchou treated him politely and persuaded him to shave his hair and surrender, but he did not obey. He was killed on August 24. And Chen Qianfu, the young secretary of Taifu Temple, was martyred in the city on the day of the "joint room sinking river". Zhu Dadian, a university scholar, besieged Jinhua, and the Qing Dynasty attacked for more than a month, and then broke the formation with a red-clothed cannon.
Those who did not go to sea and did not expose their targets temporarily forbearance and accumulated strength in order to move later, such as Huaxia, Wang Jiaqin and others in the so-called "Six Crazy Students", who soon began anti-Qing activities.
However, Lu Jianguo went and did not return, drifting on the sea, and there was no possibility of returning to land, and the various anti-Qing forces finally swirled up and down due to the lack of unified leadership and coordination, but they only emitted a tragic note.
(End of text).
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