The textile industry of the Yuan Dynasty: a stable pillar of the feudal socio-economic foundation.
As the core component of feudal social economy, the textile industry in the Yuan Dynasty was directly related to the stability of the social and economic foundation, so it has always been highly valued by feudal rulers. The feudal rulers believed that only through the development of the textile industry could they be compared with agriculture, so all dynasties issued edicts and articles to advise farmers and mulberries, and the Yuan Dynasty was no exception.
Measures for the revitalization of the textile industry at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the early Yuan period, in order to restore production and develop agriculture, Yuan ** formulated a series of edicts and measures. Among them, the edict of "the country is people-oriented, the people are food-oriented, and food and clothing are agriculture-oriented", demonstrating the importance attached to the small-scale peasant economy. In addition, it has also formulated specific provisions on weaving styles, weaving specifications, weaving quality, etc., which has laid the foundation for the orderly development of the textile industry.
Management and development of the home textile industry.
In the first year of Shizu Zhongtong (1260), the Ten Roads Xuanfu Division was established, and a person who was familiar with agricultural affairs was appointed to act as an agricultural counselor, which promoted the development of the family textile industry. The establishment of the Department of Persuading Agriculture and the appointment of agricultural experts have further strengthened the inspection and management of agricultural production in various localities and encouraged the development of small-scale farming and weaving industries. These measures not only demonstrate the great importance attached to agriculture, but also achieved remarkable results in actual operation, and many agricultural envoys have made important contributions during this period.
Efforts and economic benefits of the local **.
Yuan ** listed the actual results of local agricultural mulberry development as one of the important criteria for the evaluation of local governance, and encouraged all localities to actively promote the cause of agricultural mulberry. Some ** vigorously developed the sericulture industry during their tenure, such as Jiang or Zhibinzhou, and exhorted the local people to vigorously develop the sericulture industry, so that the local sericulture industry prospered rapidly. This correct policy orientation has played a positive role in promoting economic development.
Diversification of the textile industry: the development of the hemp weaving industry.
The linen weaving industry in the Yuan Dynasty was strongly supported, especially the scope of the linen textile industry was more extensive than that of the previous generation. As a kind of temperature-loving and moisture-loving crop, the economic value of its leather weaving cloth is extremely high, and it has become an important raw material for the textile industry at that time. At the same time, Yuan ** promoted a variety of textile raw materials, which further promoted the development of the textile industry of small farmers.
The area of the cotton textile industry has expanded.
The cotton planting area of the Yuan Dynasty greatly broke through the scope of the Song Dynasty and rapidly expanded to all parts of the country. By setting up kapok lifting divisions in various places and encouraging cotton planting and weaving, Yuan ** has promoted the cotton planting area to expand from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang and other places to Xinjiang, Shandong and other places. The wide promotion of cotton planting is not only related to the advantages of cotton itself, but also benefits from the active promotion of Yuan ** and the supervision of officials.
The complexity of the management of the textile industry in the Yuan Dynasty.
However, the management of the textile industry in the Yuan Dynasty was not limited to promoting development, but also included specific regulations and restrictions on the textile industry. **A series of restrictions were imposed on weaving styles and specifications, mainly for the need to maintain the feudal hierarchy. It was forbidden for the people to emulate the clothing of the royal family, princes and nobles, and civil and military officials, and the industries related to the weaving industry were monopolized by the rulers.
Specifications for fabric colours, clothing, etc.
Yuan ** stipulated that certain colored fabrics were reserved for the use of the ruling class, such as gold-winged carved fur hats and other clothing. The dyeing industry was also restricted, and fabrics of certain colors were forbidden to be used by the people. Under the influence of this policy, the people mostly used dark and dark clothing, and the dyers developed dark and dark weaving and dyeing methods.
The importance of quality management.
In order to maintain the quality of textiles, Yuan ** has taken a series of measures. As early as the fourth year of Shizu Zhongtong (1263), it was stipulated that the cloth of the folk ** should not be thin and narrow. However, due to poor policy formulation and poor supervision, low-quality textiles still appear on the market, posing a serious threat to market order and the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
The double-edged sword of the textile industry management policy in the Yuan Dynasty.
In general, the textile industry policy of the Yuan Dynasty has promoted economic development to a certain extent, especially in promoting the economic take-off of backward areas. However, some policies also have the problem of excessive plundering of the small-scale peasant economy, which makes it difficult for the small-scale peasant economy to sustain and is detrimental to the development of the commodity economy. The textile industry management policy of the Yuan Dynasty was like a double-edged sword, which not only promoted economic prosperity, but also had a negative impact on the economy in some aspects.
The complexity and diversity of textile policies in the Yuan Dynasty are clearly demonstrated above. During this period, the textile industry was not only promoted through active support measures, but also regulated and restricted it through a series of management policies. In commenting on this policy, we need to look at its social, economic and cultural implications from multiple perspectives.
First of all, the importance that the Yuan Dynasty attached to the agricultural economy can be seen. Through the establishment of the Propaganda and Relief Department, the Persuasion of Agricultural Envoys and other institutions, the organization and management of agricultural undertakings have been strengthened, and the revitalization of the small-scale peasant economy has been supported. This initiative not only promotes the development of agriculture and textile industry economically, but also realizes the concern for people's livelihood at the social level, reflecting the concept of people-oriented governance.
Secondly, the diversification of the textile industry brought significant changes to the society at that time. From the hemp weaving industry to the cotton textile industry, the development of the textile industry in the Yuan Dynasty showed diversity and vitality. The encouragement and guidance of the textile industry around the country has made outstanding achievements, not only to promote economic prosperity, but also to promote cultural exchanges and integration between different regions.
However, there is also a strong uptake of social hierarchies in the management of the textile industry. Strict regulations on clothing and ornaments, as well as a monopoly on the dyeing industry, showed a strong desire to control the privileges of the ruling class. This kind of tough intervention not only affects the free development of the textile industry, but also restricts the innovation and progress of society to a certain extent.
In addition, the implementation of textile quality management policies is of positive significance for the stability of the market and the rights and interests of consumers. However, the implementation of the policy is not perfect, resulting in the fact that there are still low-quality products in the market. This shows the need to focus more on practical implementation in policy formulation to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of policies.
Throughout the commentary, we should recognize the duality of the textile industry policy in the Yuan Dynasty. While promoting economic development, it has also had a negative impact on society in some ways. To achieve better economic management, it is necessary to consider the pros and cons of all aspects in a more balanced way to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of policies. The textile policy of the Yuan Dynasty provides us with a historical case for today's policymakers and managers to refer to and learn from.
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