Hyssop is a perennial herbaceous plant of the family Amaranthaceae, also known as mountain amaranth and so on, its dried roots are used for medicine, and have the effect of chasing blood stasis through menstruation, nourishing the liver and tonifying the kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, diuretic and drenching, and leading blood down.
Growth Xi. Except for the northeast, the country is widespread, often born in the hillside forest, suitable for a warm and dry climate, not cold-tolerant, and the plant dies when the temperature is -18. It is not suitable for planting in clay and alkaline soils.
Land selection and land preparation. It is advisable to choose medium loam soil with deep soil, fertile soil and good drainage, and it is not easy to plant hyssop in heavy soil. The previous crops should be wheat, corn and other grassesPlots with beans, peanuts, yams, and sweet potatoes in the previous crop cannot be planted with hyssop. It is not suitable to make continuous crops.
Before planting, 3000 kg of fully decomposed farm fertilizer, 15 kg of urea, 80 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, 200-300 kg of cake fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, ploughing 30 cm deep, watering and stepping on moisture, raking flat, according to 18-2 meters for furrowing, furrow length depends on the terrain.
Methods of reproduction. Seed preparation: The seeds are best with Chifeng hyssop seeds. Pick out the seed impurities, soak the seeds in water for 24 hours, filter out the water, and dry for later use;Planting can be withdrawn or strip seeded. Spreading: Use a rake to rake the furrow surface flattening, mix the processed seeds with fine river sand according to 1:4, and sprinkle it evenly on the furrow surface three times, gently build it with a rake, and suppress it with a stone. The width of the strip sowing banner is about 7 cm, the row spacing is about 20, and it can be gently cocoaged with a rake and suppressed after sowing.
Field management. 1. Seedling management: after sowing with hyssop. Water when the seeds begin to germinate to reveal white bud spots to promote emergence;When the seedling height is 5-10 cm, the weeds in the field are pulled, and the seedlings are set in combination with weeding, and the plant row spacing is 3-5 cm 3-5 cm;When the seedlings are set, remove the seedlings that are too small and too tall, and leave the seedlings of the same size;When the seedling height is 5-10 cm, small seedlings are raised in the dense place of the seedlings, and the seedlings are replanted to the missing seedlings and broken ridges. Seedling replenishment method: use a small shovel to bring out the seedlings, open a hole 3-5 cm deep at the lack of seedlings and broken ridges, implant the seedlings into the hole, compact, and water
2. Water and fertilizer management: depending on the growth situation, generally at the end of August, when the seedling height is less than 20 cm, 2-5 kg of urea can be applied per mu to facilitate the growth of seedlings. The top dressing can not be excessive, otherwise it is easy to cause a prosperous growth situation and affect the yield of the cow knee. When the seedling height is 30 cm, 20-30 kg of urea per mu, when the seedling height is 30-35 cm, 60 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate;Water when the soil moisture content is less than 20%. Ox knee is afraid of waterlogging, and the stagnant water in the field should be removed in time after rain;
3. Take: due to improper mastery or improper fertilization during the sowing period, it will cause vigorous growth and affect the downward elongation of roots in the later stage. When there is a phenomenon of vigorous growth, you can use Kamagawa to cut off about 20 cm of the upper part of the hyssop.
Pest and disease control.
The main disease. 1. White rust:
Symptoms: There are many small spots of yellowish and yellowish on the surface of the affected leaves, which are nearly round, with a diameter of 1-5 cmThere are many small round or polygonal white vesicles on the back of the leaf, which are slightly raised. It is a sporangia pile of pathogens, and when it matures, it ruptures and emits a lot of white powder. The cysts are piled up in succession, so that the diseased leaves die or fall early;
Prevention and control: removal of sick and disabled bodies;80% Dasheng wettable powder 600 times liquid spray 2 times, with an interval of 15 days;58% methalene-zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid spray 2 times, with an interval of 1o days;90% Plague Frost Powder 500 times liquid spray 2 times, 15 days apart;25% methamaline wettable powder 800 times liquid spray 3 times, with an interval of 10 days.
2. Leaf spot disease:
Symptoms: The lesions are light brown in the early stage, the junction of the healthy part is not obvious, mostly irregular or round, and the later stage is dark brown, irregular shape, no halo, the junction between the sick and healthy is obvious, slightly concave, and the size is 03-0.8 cm 01-0.6 cm. Microscopic examination can reveal a large number of sickle-shaped conidia;
Prevention and control: removal of sick and disabled bodies;80% Big wettable powder 600 times liquid spray 2 times, with an interval of 15 days;50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid spray 2 times, with an interval of 15 days;70% methyl tobuzine wettable powder 800 times liquid spray, with an interval of 35 days.
3. Fusarium wilt:
Symptoms: The disease occurs at the base of the main stem, the lesion is brown, and in severe cases, the lesion surrounds the stem, causing the part above the lesion to wilt;
Prevention and control: refer to the prevention and control of hyssop leaf spot.
Major insect pests. 1. Spodoptera exigua: after the emergence of seedlings, the larvae gather on the back of the leaves, spin silk and knot, take mesophyll in it, leave the epidermis, and the leaves are eaten into holes or missing carvings, and only the leaf veins and petioles remain in serious cases, resulting in the death of seedlings;
Control: use black light to trap and kill adult insects;Poplar branches are pricked to trap adult insects;Weed removal;High efficiency BT wettable powder 1000 times spray 2 times;Apply 10% depleting spray 2 times, 14 days apart;20% rice full, 5% flulinguret or 25% chlorpyramide l000 times liquid, 5% kathic gram 1000-2000 times liquid spray, respectively, at intervals.
2. Bean turnip: likes to eat young leaves and heart leaves, resulting in leaf defects that affect plant growth.
Prevention: 40% phoxanthion 1000 times liquid and 5% cypermethrin 1000 times liquid mixed spray.
Harvesting and processing. The harvest period is also one of the important factors affecting the yield and quality of Huai hyssop. The best harvest time for the hyssop is the frost to the winter solstice (from November to late January). Do not harvest the hyssop before the frost falls, otherwise the heart will be black after the hyssop dries. Manual excavation is used for harvesting, first remove the aboveground part of the oxknee, leave about 3 cm of stubble, and dig from the end of the field to avoid digging off the roots.
Initial processing: Dry after digging the hyssop, remove the soil attached to the surface of the hyssop, and divide the pile according to the thickness and sizeRemove the adventitious roots and lateral roots of the hyssop, tie the hyssop into a handful with straw according to the thickness, hang it in a sunny place to dry, and pay attention to anti-freezing before the moisture loss of 50%-60% of the hyssopLeave 1 cm of shoots on the head of the reed, and remove the overly long branches;According to the length, thickness, color, according to the provisions of the grading selection, remove the residual goods, frozen sticks, fritters;Cut off the reed head and beat off the stubble and hair tips;Tie the ox knee into a handful with a rope, 05 kg, leave 1 cm of the ox knee, and flatten the upper end with a knife;Spread flat on a basket and dry until dry;The bottom of the stack should be highly ventilated, and the pile should be stuffed for about 10 days.