In 2011, an ancient tomb was stolen from Guanxi Village, Datangping Township, Nanchang Xinjian District, Jiangxi Province, and the cultural relics department immediately carried out archaeological exploration of the stolen tomb, which lasted 5 years, explored 1 million square meters, excavated 10,000 square meters, and unearthed more than 20,000 pieces of cultural relics. On March 2, 2016, at the press conference on the archaeological achievements of the Han Dynasty in Nanchang, experts officially confirmed that the stolen tomb was the tomb of Liu He, the emperor of the Han Dynasty (the tomb of the Marquis of Haiding).
1. Why can Liu He's tomb be well preserved so far?
Liu He's tomb (Tomb of the Marquis of Haiding) as a tomb of the princes buried in the Han Dynasty, has been coveted from ancient times to the present, and archaeological excavations have found 2 robbery holes. One is in the northwest corner of the burial chamber, where there are lamps from the Five Dynasties period remaining, but the thieves failed to enter the main burial chamber and only damaged a few side boxes. The other is a robbery hole reported by villagers in 2011, which is 14 meters deep and leads directly to the coffin. Luckily, there were several layers of wooden planks stacked on top of each other outside the coffin, and the tomb robbers were unable to break through the covers due to their lack of time.
Why do tomb robbers miss?Maybe God will protect you in the dark!The Book of Jin records: During the period of Emperor Jin Yuan, Luling, Yuzhang, Wuchang, and Xiling occurred**, and landslides and water surges, which directly led to the sinking of Haiyang County into Poyang Lake at that time, and the tomb of Liu He (the tomb of the Marquis of Haiding) was soaked in water for a long time, and the tomb collapsed. After 1500 years, there were more than 300 ** in Jiangxi, Liu He's tomb (Haiyang Marquis Tomb) has been flooded by the lake, because of the blessing of misfortune, the ancients did not have the technology of underwater tomb robbery. In modern times, the ancient tomb is exposed to the water, but it is extremely difficult to accurately find out the location of the coffin from the tomb that has collapsed for a long time and is stacked and stacked, and it is extremely difficult to take out the burial goods intact, and even the tomb robbery weapon "Luoyang shovel" is difficult to play a role. Therefore, the tomb of Liu He (the tomb of the Marquis of Haidu) has survived to this day.
2. What is the reason why Liu He did not wear a golden jade robe?
In the Han Dynasty, the golden jade clothes were the highest level of burial utensils, which only the emperor could enjoy, and the princes and princes used silver and copper jade clothes. It can be inferred from this that Liu He should have been buried in silver or copper jade clothes after his death, but no traces of jade clothes were found in the tombIn the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the jade clothing system was not perfect, and the princes and kings wore golden jade clothes to be buried from time to time, Liu Wu, the king of Liangxiao, Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan, Liu Wu, the king of Chu (or Liu Yingke), and Liu Xu, the king of Guangling, all wore golden jade clothes. But there is no doubt that the lieges will definitely not be able to wear golden jade clothes without the emperor's permission!There is a living example here, Wang Mang dug up the mausoleum (Shandong Dingtao Shenglinghu No. 2 Tomb) on the grounds that the burial specifications of the Empress Dowager Ding, the biological mother of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, were too high and the etiquette system was transgressed, and the golden jade clothes worn by the Empress Dowager Ding were removed. Referring to Liu Kuan, the king of Jibei who died during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for cursing the emperor for killing himself, only the jade covered surface was used for burial after his death.
We deduce that although Liu He was the Marquis of Haiyang at that time, he was deprived of the qualification to pay tribute and worship ancestors in Chang'an by Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty on the grounds that "it is not suitable to be appointed to the Zongmiao court". Such a person who was once an emperor and a "great sect" made those in power jealous, and Liu He died early at the age of 33, and it is unknown whether he prefabricated jade clothes before his death. Even if there were, after Liu He's death, the imperial court would have made it clear that he would not be allowed to use it. Therefore, it is normal that there are no jade clothes unearthed in Liu He's tomb, and it has nothing to do with the previous tomb robberies.
In addition to the absence of jade clothes, the tomb of Liu He (the tomb of the Marquis of Haiding) did not build a yellow intestine inscription. Like the jade clothes, the yellow intestine inscription is also an imperial burial tool, and the liehou cannot use it, which can refer to the tomb of the marquis Licang (Changsha Mawangdui No. 2 Han Tomb). But Liu He was the emperor after all, so he secretly built the framework of the yellow intestine question first, and waited for the special approval of his cousin (Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty) before purchasing it, so as not to be in a hurry. But the wish was ultimately frustrated, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty never had a license, which is the fundamental reason why Liu He's tomb has a reserved space with a yellow intestine inscription but no physical object.
Although he was aggrieved, Liu He did not do nothing, and a gold-threaded glass mat was unearthed in the coffin. Perhaps, Liu He is unwilling to be buried as a liege, and the use of golden jade clothes is arrogance, and it is too risky to be exhumed. Therefore, Liu He retreated to the next best thing, used the unrestricted glass mat, and imagined that he was walking in the netherworld in a golden jade robe. Why glass and not jade?should still be trying his best to avoid Emperor Xuan of Han's suspicions, to put it bluntly, Liu He's identity is too special, and he doesn't dare to be blatant and unscrupulous when he plays side balls!
3. Why does Liu He have 2 burial places?
In addition to the tomb of the Marquis of Nanchang in Jiangxi, there is also a tomb of Liu He in Juye, Shandong. This tomb is built on the top of the golden mountain, the mountain is carved as a hole, it is a typical Han Dynasty cliff cave tomb, composed of the tomb road, the east and west ear chamber and the tomb chamber, the total length is 90 meters, the tomb road is 63 meters long, the tomb area is 70 square meters, the scale is grand. A few dozen meters away from this tomb, there is also an unfinished tomb. Archaeologists speculate: this is the mausoleum built by Liu He for himself when he was the king of Changyi, and the Han Dynasty was prevalent in the same cave for husband and wife to be buried together, and the unfinished tomb should be the queen's tomb. It's just that in the process of construction, Liu He suddenly became the emperor, and was soon deposed and placed under house arrest in Shanyang County, and ten years later, he was conferred the Marquis of Haidu, and finally died in Nanchang, and the two tombs in Juye were also reduced to abandoned mounds.
Liu Heqi is a unique existence in Chinese history!He is the son of Liu Ji, the king of Changyi, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and his grandmother is Li Yan, the wife of Li who has captivated the country and the city. In 74 BC, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty died violently without a child, Liu He was set up by Huo Guangying, reigned for 27 days, is said to have done 1,127 absurd things, was deposed as a concubine by the Empress Dowager Shangguan, and imprisoned in Shanyang County for ten years. In 63 B.C., Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty migrated Liu He as the Marquis of Haidu, 4,000 households, in just four years, Liu He died of illness, and the country of Haidun was removed. If Liu He can learn more from the wisdom and methods of the ancestor Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the history of the Western Han Dynasty may be rewritten!