Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhang Hua correspondent Wang Shuhua.
The temperature is big and "diving"!Guangdong entered winter overnight. According to Guangdong weather news, as of 12 o'clock on the 18th, Guangdong has issued 3 cold red warning signals, 60 cold orange warning signals, and 79 cold yellow warning signals. This cold air is the first cold air to reach the cold wave level since the beginning of autumn in Guangdong this year. In the face of changeable weather and relatively low immunity, how to avoid the occurrence of diseases caused by cold?The reporter interviewed experts in respiratory and critical care medicine, geriatrics and pediatrics to give the public tips for a safe winter.
Temperatures drop and acute attacks of illness increase
It is the largest defense system in the human body, and when the sun hits**, it will produce vitamin D, which has an immunomodulatory function. In the cold winter, people are reluctant to go out, the sun exposure is relatively small, and the synthesis of vitamin D is relatively small, which is also one of the reasons for the relatively low immunity.
In winter, when the temperature drops, the incidence of related diseases will increase significantly, such as vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased myocardial oxygen consumption and other symptoms will aggravate cardiac vasospasm, which makes coronary plaques easy to rupture, more likely to lead to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular accidents, so patients with hypertension should pay special attention.
At the same time, the incidence of respiratory diseases increases when the weather is cold. "This is because the cold air stimulates the airway immunity and impairs the function, which in turn increases the responsiveness of the airways, leading to acute attacks or exacerbations of diseases such as COPD, asthma, and bronchitis. Yan Wensen, deputy chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, said that at present, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. are still in a high state. Therefore, people with weakened immunity are prone to repeated infections once they are attacked by pathogens.
The elderly should be careful not to worsen the underlying disease
Why are older people more afraid of cold than younger people?Qi Haimei, chairman of the Geriatric Prevention and Control Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and chief physician of the Geriatrics Department of Beijing Hospital, pointed out that because the basal metabolic rate of the elderly is low, the heat energy produced is low, so the body temperature is relatively low. Therefore, in the face of the cold wave, I feel that my body is not warm.
At the same time, the elderly often have chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and tumors, and multiple diseases coexist. According to statistics, there are about 1900 million older people suffer from chronic diseases. Of these, 75% of people aged 60 years and older have at least one chronic disease, and 43% have multiple diseases (having two or more diseases at the same time).
Respiratory infections are the first domino in the loss of vitality in older people, because older people with multiple underlying medical conditions often start with lung infections, followed by worsening of pre-existing conditions, and eventually even life-threatening.
Therefore, experts remind that when the temperature drops suddenly, patients with high blood pressure, diabetes and respiratory diseases need to regularly monitor blood pressure and blood sugar, and use drugs rationally to control their condition. At the same time, pay attention to keeping warm, especially the head, chest and back and feet to avoid catching cold. People who are weak and prone to colds can wear masks when going out to avoid cold air stimulation.
It is best for your child to be warm and sweaty
Another group of people with imperfect immunity is young children, the Chinese medical classic "Yellow Emperor Neijing Su Wen" pointed out that when the weather is cold, it is necessary to "go to the cold and be warm, without leakage", that is, to stay away from the cold place, close to the warm place, and do not let the skin open sweat and cause a large loss of yang energy. It is easy to get sick if the "yang energy" leaks out, so it is necessary to protect the child's yang energy.
However, in the pediatric or emergency department of the Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, it is common to see parents wrapping their children in "zongzi". Li Minmin, the hospital's pediatric attending physician, told reporters, "Improper clothing is also one of the reasons why children often get colds." In the outpatient clinic, it is found that there are often two misunderstandings when parents dress their children. ”
Myth 1: Wear a thick garment alone
Some parents only give the baby a single piece of thick cotton clothes, in fact, the baby is easy to sweat from the outdoor cold place into the indoor warm place, and then to the outdoor hot and cold alternately easy to get cold;Or your baby may sweat easily after running and jumping. When the body temperature changes, parents have no way to add or remove clothes for their children in time. Therefore, Li Minmin suggested that parents should layer their children according to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor and the amount of activity, so as to facilitate the increase or decrease of clothing, such as wearing close-fitting clothes, adding vests, coats, etc.
Myth 2: Wearing too much makes it difficult to move
Afraid that the child will catch a cold, parents give the child three inside and three outside, dressed like a ball. As everyone knows, wearing too much, the baby's activities are restricted, resulting in obvious pressure on the chest and abdomen, and also leading to a decrease in the activity of the limbs. Li Minmin suggested that in winter, the total amount of baby clothing is more than ** one more thin clothes, parents can touch the child's neck, armpits to judge whether it is sweating, and touch the end of the hands and feet to judge whether the clothes are insufficient.
Although each of us has different sensitivity to temperature changes, and the physiological response of our bodies to temperature changes is also different, no matter what we choose to wear, it is appropriate to ensure that our body temperature is within the normal range and that it does not cause discomfort such as cold and stuffiness.