On March 20, at the "Archaeological China" major project work progress meeting held in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, the important archaeological discoveries and research results of the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan Province were reported. This news is eye-catching, and the archaeological work of the restarted Sanxingdui site has actually made a major breakthrough.
Since its discovery at the beginning of the last century, Sanxingdui has been shrouded in too many mysteries. This glorious and splendid civilization has existed for thousands of years, but there are few historical records. So, why did the ancient Shu Kingdom come to an abrupt end and completely disappear in the sky of history?Why is this idyllic home abandoned, the grand sacrifices no longer there, and the golden scepter as a symbol of authority no longer needed?Could it really be that all this is a masterpiece left by aliens?
Sanxingdui is located in the hinterland of the Sichuan Basin, more than 30 kilometers north of Chengdu. As early as the first year, when the farmer Yan Daocheng was cleaning the ditch, he found a large number of jade and stone tools, which unveiled the mystery for the discovery of Sanxingdui. After nearly 20 archaeological excavations, more than 40 house sites, more than 100 ash pits, 4 tombs, 1 pottery kiln, 2 large sacrificial pits, many small and medium-sized sacrificial pits and city wall ruins were discovered.
According to the archaeological chronology, the Sanxingdui site is divided into four major periods: the Late Neolithic, the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty and the Early Western Zhou Dynasty. The Xia and Shang period was the most prosperous period of Sanxingdui civilization, and the ancient city, ancient kingdom and Fang kingdom were formed during this period.
The excavated artifacts have shocked the world. The bronze sacred tree of one dragon and ten birds, the imposing scepter, the bronze Daliren with a height of 262 cm, the magnificent bronze longitudinal mask, and the exquisite jade zhang, jade ge, jade axe, jade sword ......These cultures are full of brilliance, as if they tell ancient legends.
There are various theories about the origin of these artifacts. Some believe that they are foreign products imported from the West, while others believe that they are related to the culture of Semitic Jews. There is even a bold speculation that they may be one-of-a-kind masterpieces left by aliens. However, after the research and identification of archaeologists and historians, the Sanxingdui culture is considered to be a stage of the culture of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
The Sanxingdui site not only unearthed a large number of bronzes, jade tools, and pottery, but also huge pottery pots, pottery jars, and pottery pots. The bones of various coppers, pottery vessels and domestic animals indicate that there was once a developed agricultural and pastoral society.
According to the records of the Book of the King of Shu, around 666 BC, the ancient Shu Kingdom fell into a political struggle, and the Kaiming clan replaced the power of the Du Yu clan, abandoned everything in Sanxingdui, and transferred the political, economic, and cultural centers to Chengdu and nearby areas.
There are many legends about the destruction of the Sanxingdui civilization. The story of the flood is described in the Benji of the King of Shu, and scholars are more inclined to combine these legends with reality. One summer day, a flash flood broke through the river embankment, causing the river to be diverted, completely destroying the ancient city of Sanxingdui. The ancient Shu ancestors were powerless to resist the forces of nature, so they could only bid farewell to their homes that had been operating for many years and re-find their habitat for life.
Climatic characteristics also support this statement, and the Sichuan Basin has concentrated rainfall in summer and autumn, and the hazards of flash floods and mudslides are still daunting. Archaeological excavations have provided more evidence, the seventh layer on the Sanxingdui cultural layer is up to 20-50 centimeters thick flood sediment mud, this thick layer of sand indicates that it has been soaked by floods for a long time, completely burying this splendid civilization in the dust of history.
Although modern technology has provided an explanation for the destruction of Sanxingdui culture, the exploration and research of the ancient Shu civilization cannot be stopped. Is the pit in the site a tomb or a sacrificial pit?Why is the bronze head formed an inverted triangle below the neck?What do the golden scepter and golden mask represent?What is the relationship between the ancient Shu civilization and the Central Plains Dynasty?These questions are left for scholars to delve further into**.
Overall, Sanxingdui has left too much beauty and too much mystery. The major breakthrough in archaeological work provides us with a clearer window into the glory and mystery of the ancient Shu civilization. With the continuous progress of science and technology, it is believed that the mystery of Sanxingdui will be gradually revealed in future research.
The major breakthrough in the archaeological work of Sanxingdui has given people more space for the mystery of the ancient Shu civilization. This discovery provides us with an opportunity to peek into the glory of ancient civilizations, and at the same time triggers deep thinking about the fate of ancient Shu civilizations.
First of all, the discovery of Sanxingdui itself is a remarkable and magnificent project. This ancient city civilization, which has been buried for thousands of years, with its colorful cultural relics and architectural structures, shows us the outstanding craftsmanship skills and artistic creativity of the ancient people. Cultural relics such as the bronze sacred tree, the divine scepter, and the bronze Daliren were not only symbols of luxury at the time, but also testimonies of ancient civilization. The in-depth study of archaeology has given new historical connotations to these cultural relics, making our understanding of ancient civilizations more comprehensive.
Secondly, the mystery of the destruction of the ancient Shu civilization has always been the focus of controversy among historians. Although the flood theory has been passed down for thousands of years, it is still controversial whether this legend is a true historical event after modern technology and archaeology have verified it. The thickness of the sedimentary layers found in archaeological excavations provides more evidence, but the debate over whether the flood was a man-made disaster or a natural disaster continues. This has also triggered people's thinking about climate change and the stability of ancient society, and alerted them to natural disasters in the future.
The inheritance and immersion of the ancient Shu civilization, as well as its relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty, are also topics of concern. The hierarchical division of Sanxingdui culture corresponds to the background of the times, outlining for us an ancient civilization with unique characteristics in the long history. Archaeologists' restoration of the history of the ancient Shu Kingdom enables us to have a deeper understanding of the evolution and transformation of ancient society.
Finally, the unsolved mystery has become a non-negligible part of the study of ancient Shu civilization. Tombs, sacrificial pits, bronze heads, etc., are still the focus of controversy among scholars. The solution of these mysteries requires not only the intervention of more scientific and technological means, but also the interdisciplinary research of history, archaeology and other disciplines. This also provides a broad field of research for subsequent academic work.
In general, the major breakthrough in the archaeological work of Sanxingdui has opened a door for us to understand the ancient Shu civilization. Through the interpretation of cultural relics and the restoration of history, we can have a deeper understanding of this ancient and glorious civilization. However, the mystery of the ancient Shu civilization is far from being revealed, which has also stimulated the desire of scholars to conduct more in-depth research, and we hope that in the near future, we will be able to understand the wonders of this ancient history more comprehensively.
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