Ma Xiaoli (front) monitors temperature and humidity changes at an orchard in Kaizhou District. (Source**, provided by the interviewee).
Character business cards
Ma Xiaoli, born in February 1991, is the only representative of our city to receive this honor, and is currently the director of the Fruit and Horticulture Research Office of Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Since joining the work, Ma Xiaoli has been engaged in fruit tree cultivation research and demonstration and promotion, participated in the construction of 14 citrus planting demonstration gardens in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and demonstrated and promoted citrus planting technology and green pest control technology55150,000 acres, with a total of 6 new economic benefits800 million yuan. At the same time, she also actively explores the cultivation technology of fruit trees such as crisp plum, cherry, and kiwifruit, so as to help improve the quality and efficiency of the fruit tree industry in the reservoir area.
Mr. Guan, is there still fruit drop in the orchard this year? On December 14, Ma Xiaoli, director of the Fruit and Horticulture Research Office of the Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wanzhou District, called Guan Zhonglan, the person in charge of Chongqing Guoshuo Agricultural Development, to inquire about the growth of citrus.
Guan Zhonglan has planted more than 500 acres of rose oranges in Xikou Township, Wanzhou. Around 2019, many fruit trees had serious fruit drop during the fruit-bearing period, which made people anxious.
This is not uncommon and is caused by the imbalance of nutrients in fruit trees due to the application of only nitrogen fertilizer during the planting process. After an in-depth investigation, Ma Xiaoli quickly found the reason, and the problem was solved.
In the past few years, in Guan Zhonglan's orchard, the growth of rose oranges has been getting better and better, and there has been no large-scale fruit drop.
Ma Xiaoli is currently responsible for providing technical guidance for more than 550,000 acres of citrus orchards in the reservoir area, and is affectionately known as the "fruit tree doctor" by local fruit farmers.
Rejuvenation cures citrus "obesity".
Back in July 2019, more than 4 years ago, after receiving an emergency call for help**, Ma Xiaoli and her colleagues hurried to Xikou Township.
I'm looking forward to you! The fruit trees at the base have dropped a lot of fruit. Guan Zhonglan took Ma Xiaoli and others to the orchard to check the situation.
Fallen citrus can be found everywhere.
Ma Xiaoli carefully inspected and found that there were no disease spots on the leaves and fallen fruits of the orange tree, and there were no pests crawling on the trunk; When the fruit was cut, the flesh did not deteriorate.
There are no symptoms, only "get to the bottom of it". Ma Xiaoli dug out the roots of the tree with a hoe and saw that some of the roots had turned black.
There are usually 4 reasons for the blackening of the roots: one is that the roots are soaked in rain for a long time, the second is the occurrence of pests and diseases, the third is fungal infection, and the fourth is the nutritional imbalance of fruit trees.
However, it did not rain in Wanzhou during that time, and no insect traces or dark spots were found on the roots. Eventually, Ma Xiaoli determined the cause of fruit drop: the lack of nutrients in fruit trees.
The amount of fertilizer used should be sufficient. You see, the branches and leaves grow so well! Guan Zhonglan said.
This is 'fatness'. Ma Xiaoli explained that excessive "flourishing" will actually rob the nutrients of the fruit.
She brought the soil back to the lab for testing, and found that the soil was too high in nitrogen and very low in other nutrients, which meant that the amount of fertilizer other than nitrogen fertilizer was severely insufficient.
In the local area, many fruit farmers are Xi to use a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, which is fast-working, and the fruit trees grow rapidly after use, but if they do not cooperate with the application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the fruit trees will only grow "size" without "meat", or even "lose meat".
After finding out the reason, Ma Xiaoli prescribed a "prescription": while using nitrogen fertilizer rationally, increase organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, especially boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer appropriately.
After a while, the orchard's fruit drop improved significantly.
Demonstration and promotion to create a technical "model room".
This case made Ma Xiaoli think more: at present, the agricultural development of various districts and counties is in full swing, and the citrus industry is the largest fruit tree planting industry in our city.
It is more feasible to develop a set of standardized planting techniques and promote them. "Citrus planting technology is not 'sophisticated', as long as you use fertilizer wisely and do a good job of pest and disease control, orange trees are not likely to have major problems." ”
Last year, the Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences established 14 citrus planting demonstration gardens in seven districts and counties of Wanzhou, Wushan, Yunyang, Fengjie, Zhongxian, Kaizhou and Fuling, hoping to demonstrate and promote standardized citrus planting technology through the creation of these "model rooms".
As a core member of the team, Ma Xiaoli led the team to formulate technical guidance standards for the demonstration park.
In terms of fertilizer use, the team identified different types of fertilizer for different growth stages of citrus, such as high-nitrogen compound fertilizer at the young fruit stage and high-potassium compound fertilizer at the coloring stage.
In terms of pest control, a variety of scientific control methods are adopted, including chemical control based on spraying insecticides, physical control based on whitening of trees, and biological control based on predatory mites.
We will regularly organize surrounding growers to visit the park to learn Xi, and also recruit fruit farmers to work at the base to work for training, which has a good effect. Ma Xiaoli said.
Last year, despite the extreme heat in Chongqing, the 14 orchards maintained stable yields, and some of them even increased their yields, which also attracted more orange farmers to visit the demonstration orchards.
At present, the planting technology of 14 demonstration gardens has been promoted for a total of 55150,000 mu, promote the average income per mu to increase by more than 1,000 yuan, and the cumulative new economic benefits are 6800 million yuan.
Provide technical solutions for the planting of a variety of fruit trees
The promotion of planting techniques for fruit trees such as crisp plums, cherries, and yellow peaches is also Ma Xiaoli's work.
Liu Houguo is a large grower of crispy plums in Qinglian Town, Fengjie County, planting as many as 150 acres of crispy plums. One year, a few days before the fruit went on the market, the crispy plums in the orchard suddenly cracked in a large area, and all his hard work for a year was lost.
Ma Xiaoli's investigation found that the planting base suffered a heavy rain during that time, which was the direct cause of the cracking of brittle plums. But is that the only reason?
She brought the orchard's soil back to the laboratory for testing, and found that the soil was severely deficient in nutrients such as boron and calcium, which could easily cause fruit cracking. In other words, if the nutrients in the soil are balanced, the fruit will not be so "squeamish" and will not crack in large areas even if it rains heavily.
After finding out the real reason, Ma Xiaoli instructed Liu Houguo to increase the application of boron, calcium and other fertilizers in the base, and build rain shelter facilities. Since then, Liu Houguo's crisp plums have never cracked in large areas.
In addition, Ma Xiaoli and her team also provided technical guidance to promote the successful trial planting of cherries in Luotian Township and Ganges Township in Wanzhou: by choosing to plant cherries at high altitudes above 1,000 meters, they overcame the problems of insufficient cooling in winter and drought and overheating in summer. instructed fruit farmers in Wuling Town, Wanzhou to plant longan in low-altitude riverside areas, which solved the problem of low survival rate of fruit trees in winter. By grafting new branches, it helped the fruit farmers in Xiangshui Town, Wanzhou, to extend the fruiting period of kiwifruit trees.
*:Chongqing**.