Introduction
In 1910, Ford created a management miracle at the Highland Park plant: it opened in January 1910 and produced 15 million Model T cars by 1927. Why was Ford able to work miracles?
Ford said that "the idea of workers must be reduced and their movements must be reduced to a minimum, and they should do everything with as little movement as possible." This is in response to Taylor's ideas (I explained standardization in my article Standardization in the Four Modernizations of New Industrialization with Taylor's ideas).
According to Ford's requirements, the engine assembly of the Model T was broken down into 84 steps, each of which was done by a different worker. This assembly step used to beOne person does all the work, and changed to 84 steps of the pipelineWith one assembly worker per step, the production time is one-third of what it used to be
On the one hand, the assembly line mode improves production efficiency, and on the other hand, it improves the degree of specialization: the assembly line that used to be completed by one person is now divided and cooperated by 84 people, and each person has a single operation but is different from others;After a single operation, let each worker continuously improve the efficiency in a single operation, which is the division of laborSpecialization。[But because the skill threshold of workers is not high, the professionalism is not prominent].
With the deepening of the industrial division of labor, some positions with skill thresholds are widely accepted because of the scarcity of jobs.
Specialization is characteristic of the industrial age, but the digital industry is even more specialized
The use of assembly line division of labor brings about the trend of job specialization, because the technical threshold of the post is not high, so it can only be said that this isThe rudiments of specialization。Specialization is more of a means that there is a certain entry threshold, and it takes a certain amount of time to cultivate the ability to work before it is becomeSpecialization
In the industrial age, with the deepening of the social division of labor, the concept of specialization has become more and more popular, and it can be said that specialization is the characteristic of the industrial age.
With the intensification of the division of labor in industrial society, the professional division of labor is becoming more and more detailedIt is becoming increasingly difficult to match the demand and supply of professional skills。EspeciallyDigital industry, empowering traditional industries, and the social division of labor in traditional industries has led to a huge gap within the industry;Basically, every digital transformation needs are personalized, so the digital industry is more specialized, and each person's skills are difficult to be replaced by others.
Skill diversity brings with it the challenge of ability balance
As the granularity of the professional division of labor becomes smaller, everyone's professional ability is irreplaceable;As the digital industry empowers the transformation of the industry, it is becoming more and more difficult to match business capabilities.
The specialization of digital industrialization is a huge obstacle to the scale of the digital industry, and the main mode of many digital industries is still through project delivery, and the quality of the project cannot be guaranteed
Capability diversity leads to an information gap in capability supply and demand informationThere is a demand for some capacities, but the demand side cannot find the supply side, and the supply side itself is idle, which affects productivity.
Skilled workers with scarcity are costly and in short supply；The high cost of skilled talent, which is often scarce, drives up the cost of digital transformation.
3. Scarce professionals, in the digital transformation, take the initiative to set up obstacles;The most typical is the recently popular "".Defensive programmingIt hinders the sharing of knowledge, drives up costs, and reduces efficiency.
Solutions to professional challenges
Intelligence is the best way to solve the challenges of specialization.
Digital specialized knowledge is carried by artificial intelligence and big data, rather than by people. After being empowered by artificial intelligence and big dataPeople + big data = professional skills
For example, there was an example in the petrochemical industry where experts in equipment maintenance need to accumulate years of practice and they have rich experience.
Now that these maintenance experts have retired, what about equipment operation and maintenance?
In order to meet this challenge, a petrochemical company has developed a state-of-the-art maintenance system that incorporates expert maintenance knowledgeKnowledge base。Help maintenance personnel quickly repair and maintain the system through the knowledge base;As the equipment has new faults and troubleshooting experience, it will be entered into the system, and the system will gradually iterate the fault diagnosis system.
With this system, AI helps enterprises solve the problem of retirement of maintenance experts, empower employees through a professional knowledge base, and ensure the professionalism of employees.