Huasheng **Quan**Reporter Yu Rong.
In order to promote the province's comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents to achieve greater results, recently, the Hunan Provincial Department of Education, together with the Provincial Health Commission and other eight departments, jointly formulated and issued the "Hunan Provincial Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents Myopia Action Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").
It is understood that since 2019, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in our province has decreased by an average of 0. per year on the basis of 20185%。However, the situation of myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in the province is still severe, which is mainly manifested in the high myopia rate of high school students, and the high rate of new myopia among primary and junior high school students in some areas.
In this regard, in accordance with the requirements of the "Plan", by 2025, the myopia rate of children and adolescents in our province will continue to decline by no less than 0 per year5 percentage points. By 2030, the myopia rate of 6-year-olds, junior high school students, and high school students will decrease on average every year46 percentage points; The myopia rate of primary school students in the province and all cities and prefectures is controlled below 30%, the myopia rate of 6-year-old children, junior high school students, and high school students has dropped to below %, and the excellent rate of meeting the national student physical health standards has reached more than 25%.
Increase time outdoors
Increasing the time spent outdoors is the most effective and economical way to prevent and control myopia. The "Plan" requires that schools should open full physical education and health classes, arrange no less than 30 minutes of large-scale recess sports activities every day, and carry out them outdoors as much as possible. Physical activity is an important part of after-school services, and classes that do not have physical and health classes on that day have one-hour physical activity or outdoor classes in after-school services. All localities and schools should actively carry out sports competitions, guide students to actively participate in physical exercise, help students master 1-2 sports skills, and often carry out visual tracking sports such as table tennis, badminton, and shuttlecock.
The key to outdoor activities is "outdoors", and it is necessary to ensure that the activity space has sufficient visual breadth. In this regard, the "Plan" makes it clear that teachers shall not use "dragging the classroom" or other methods to squeeze students' recess time, and should actively guide students to go out of the classroom and relax through moderate activities or distant views. Parents should also take their children outdoors to places with natural light to carry out physical exercise and other activities, and ensure that children have more than one hour of outdoor activity time at home every day. At the same time, we will promote public sports venues in various regions to provide preferential opening policies for children and young people, and expand sports venues and outdoor activity spaces for children and young people.
Improve the visual environment of the school
Students spend a lot of time in school, and there is an urgent need to improve the visual environment of the school. The plan requires that in accordance with the lighting standards for primary and secondary school classrooms, the lighting and lighting requirements for classrooms, dormitories, libraries (reading rooms) and other lighting requirements should be implemented to ensure that students are provided with a learning environment that meets the requirements of eye hygiene. The construction plan of new, renovated and expanded schools should be strictly controlled to ensure that the sanitary conditions such as lighting and lighting meet the standards.
At the same time, it is equipped with adjustable desks and chairs, and the height of students' desks and chairs is adjusted individually every semester to adapt to the growth and development of students. In strict accordance with the "Health Requirements for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in School Supplies for Children and Adolescents", ensure that children and adolescents use textbooks, teaching materials, learning magazines, workbooks, examination papers, reading materials, etc. that meet health requirements.
According to the plan, our province will organize and carry out childcare institutions, off-campus training institutions, primary and secondary schools lighting "double random" sampling action every year, the classroom lighting is not up to standard, put forward rectification opinions and rectification in place within a time limit, the compliance rate is too low in the area to be notified.
Develop healthy eye habits
Myopia prevention and control experts will come to the campus. The "Plan" requires that vision health education should be strengthened, and a myopia prevention and control expert propaganda group in provinces, cities and counties with ophthalmology experts as the main force should be established to carry out myopia prevention and control publicity activities on campus to enhance the awareness of myopia prevention and control among teachers, students and parents.
Excessive study time in subjects seriously affects vision. The "Plan" requires that parents should not blindly let their children participate in off-campus training and follow the trend to register for classes; Standardize the scientific assignment of homework, and strictly enforce the provisions that no written homework is assigned in the first and second grades of primary school, no more than 60 minutes of written homework in grades 3 to 6, and no more than 90 minutes in junior high school; Primary and secondary schools are prohibited from making up classes in violation of regulations or encroaching on students' holiday breaks.
Although electronic screens are not the direct cause of myopia, scientific use is the key to prevention and control. The "Plan" makes it clear that it is necessary to strengthen management, reduce the dependence of children and adolescents on mobile phones, computers and other electronic products, and strictly control the time they use electronic products. It is strictly forbidden for students to bring mobile phones into the classroom, and teaching informatization and online teaching should be coordinated, and the use of electronic products in classroom teaching should not exceed 30% of the total teaching time in principle. When instructing students to use electronic devices to study, they should take a break or look out for 10 minutes every 30-40 minutes.
Standardize myopia monitoring and diagnosis
Early detection and early intervention, the "program" requires regular vision screening, 0-6 years old children annual eye care and vision examination coverage rate of more than 90%, strict implementation of primary and secondary school students 2 times per semester vision monitoring system, the establishment of student vision health records and transfer with the student status, grasp the trend of students' vision changes.
Schools should promptly inform students and parents of the results of vision monitoring, and when it is found that students' eyesight is declining, they should promptly remind and educate, and if there are signs of myopia, they should guide their parents to take them to ophthalmic medical institutions for examination, and if they have myopia, they should guide their parents to take them to regular medical institutions and opticia institutions for timely correction and regular examinations.
It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the optometry and glasses industry, rectify the order of the glasses industry, and prevent unqualified spectacle lenses from entering the market. Strictly crack down on false and illegal marketing and publicity, and strictly investigate and punish the use of misleading expressions such as "** recovery", "reduction of power", "myopia**", "myopia buster" and "degree repair" for marketing and publicity in accordance with the law.
According to the "Plan", our province will evaluate and assess the comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in various cities and prefectures every year, and take the implementation and effect of the attack as an important assessment content, and include it in the assessment of healthy Hunan and the evaluation of the performance of educational duties by cities and counties. Regions and schools that do not implement the responsibility for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents and do not work effectively are to be held accountable in accordance with relevant provisions.