In the era of the Three Kingdoms, there were two great heroes who fought all their lives, but in the end they could not escape the fate of their children and grandchildren's ups and downs - these are the two generals of Shu Han, Liu Bei and Guan Yu. So the question is, in their lifetime, why was the Shu Han regime the first to collapse in the pattern of the Three Kingdoms? What are the causes and consequences of this?
The long-standing story starts from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, the world was in turmoil, and there were many warlords everywhere. In this context, Liu Bei, a small official, united with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, gained a foothold in a corner of his hometown of Jingzhou, and gradually strengthened his strength.
These three brothers were originally ordinary people, but they relied on like-mindedness and like-mindedness to build a group army from scratch that should not be underestimated. In the long years, they went through hardships, wandered abroad, and finally found their foothold - Shudi.
In 220 AD, after many years of conquest, Liu Bei finally pacified Shu and established his own regime in Chengdu, which was later known as Shu Han.
Thanks to the efforts of Liu Bei's clique, this small regime has achieved initial stability. However, Liu Bei didn't have much time to celebrate the victory—he was already in his prime.
As a person who cares about the world, Liu Bei is determined to take a desperate gamble to accomplish his great cause. In the spring of 221 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor in Bashu and founded the country, with the name "Han", and officially issued a military challenge to the whole of China.
This move officially announced the advent of the Three Kingdoms era. Liu Bei, who is like a mirror, gave up all his chips for the heroic dream in his heart. However, fate made people, he died of illness shortly after becoming emperor, and he only had time to pass on to his son Liu Chan, and did not see the fruits of his hard work.
Father and son are very different, this is Liu Chan's label. Liu Chan was born in the eunuch family, and his relationship with Liu Bei was not close, and he did not have his father's political ambitions and military talents.
The virtuous prime minister Zhuge Liang became the one who held real power, but he could not stop the decline of Shu Han's national power. In 234 AD, Zhuge Kongming's Northern Expedition failed and died, and Shu Han entered a power vacuum.
During this period, the DPRK and China were traitorous and corrupt; Liu Chan was addicted to lust and indifference to political affairs. Under the dual pressure of internal and external troubles, Shu Han gradually declined.
The rise of Cao Wei's Sima clan's ambitions also laid the groundwork for the fall of Shu Han. The Sima clan gradually took control of the Wei state, and finally allowed Sima Yan to usurp the throne in 265 AD and establish the Western Jin Dynasty. After the rise of the Western Jin Dynasty, unifying the world became its inevitable goal choice.
At this time, Shu Han was already a candle in the wind, and under the pressure of internal and external difficulties, it was difficult to escape the fate of final destruction.
On the eve of the fall of Shu Han, Guan Yu, who had become a "martial saint", was powerless to return to the sky. Cao Wei's general Zhang Liao took the opportunity to launch a surprise attack and successfully captured Guan Yu.
Guan Yu, who was seriously injured, faced Cao Wei**'s interrogation with a stubborn attitude. In the last moments, he was still proud and confident, and did not blame himself for the failure. However, he was soon executed by Ling Chi, ending his life in the most tragic way.
Guan Yu I was famous, but because of his excessive power, he became a thorn in the side of many ambitious groups in later generations. After his death, it brought endless disasters to his family.
In 263 AD, Liu Chan, the last emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty, surrendered to Sima Zhao when the Western Jin Dynasty army was pressing. At this point, after the Wei State, Shu Han also officially entered history, and the Three Kingdoms era came to an end.
The Western Jin Dynasty replaced the pattern of the rule of the Three Kingdoms and began a new chapter in history. And the brainchild of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and other heroes of the older generation also disappeared at this moment. The cause they have fought for all their lives will not escape the fate of life and death after all.
So, why did Shu Han fall first? What are the deeper reasons for this?
The father and son are separated by heaven, which is the fundamental reason for the decline of Shu Han. As a regime built on military conquest, Shu Han's legitimacy was already fragile. Its continuation depends on Liu Bei's personal talent and charm.
However, after Liu Bei's death, his son Liu Chan had no political ambitions and no intention of managing this inherited cause. Under Liu Chan's laissez-faire, Shu Han's national strength quickly declined.
Liu Chan's mildness and inaction contrasted sharply with the ambition of his father, Liu Bei. This fault line in the transition period of power reflects the human conflict that prevailed in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, and is the root cause of the failure to continue the peace in this era.
Careerists do not hesitate to resort to extreme means in search of change; Vested interests, on the other hand, seek to preserve the status quo. This confrontation of forces ultimately determines the direction of historical changes.
Compared with Guan Yu, who has reached the end of his life, Zhang Fei's descendants were able to escape the catastrophe and be unharmed. What is the point of this stark contrast?
When Guan Yu was alive, his martial arts and prestige were unmatched. However, it also attracted many enemies for him. After Guan Yu's death, in order to compete for his inheritance, various forces fought brutally and wiped out his family.
This includes both the religious struggle of Taoist groups and the power-for-money transactions of local bureaucrats secretly helping each other for personal gain.
Driven by the desire to chase fame and fortune, these people fight by any means. Treachery and life-and-death battles have become the norm in the struggle for inheritance.
However, in this tragic and bloody rain that has buried countless lives, it is often only those who get the benefits in the end—those hypocritical magnates and duplicitous.
And Guan Yu, who is truly loyal, and his innocent family members, have become victims of this era. The benevolence, righteousness and morality in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms no longer exist under the bloody blade in front of them.
In contrast, Zhang Fei's family was able to escape the catastrophe and escape. Among them, Zhang Fei's own style of conduct played a key role.
Zhang Fei has a reckless personality, but his influence in the local area is limited. His family has kept a low profile for generations, never involved in officialdom or religious activities. Such a low-key style avoids the Zhang family from provoking criticism. It also made other forces unable to see the possibility of benefiting from the Zhang family, so they had no incentive to attack them.
The Zhang family's escapist strategy can be seen as a typical embodiment of the way to prevent microaggressions. In that turbulent and changeable era, low-key and cautious is the best policy, and Zhang Fei's descendants really understand this vividly.
When the last Shu lord Liu Chan surrendered to Sima Zhao, the older generation of meritorious ministers, including Liu Bei and Guan Yu, had passed away for many years. They have no time to witness the end of their own hard work.
Rise and fall, but in the blink of a finger. The pioneers of the Three Kingdoms era could only accept a fleeting fate after a flash in the pan.
The wheel of history is rolling forward, and the era of the Three Kingdoms, which is full of heroes, has finally entered the legend. And the real benefits are never those loyal people who go forward and sacrifice their lives for righteousness, but spectators who are in high positions and far away from disputes.
This is the truth of the world: joys and sorrows are not connected, and heroes cannot escape the mercy of fortune. All we can do is to remember their deeds and those stirring years.
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