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NASA has unveiled plans to turn neighboring planets into a "second Earth".Restoring the atmosphere on Mars so that it is suitable for life – this is what NASA Director of Planetary Science Jim Green made at NASA's Planetary Science Vision 2050 Symposium from late February to early March 2023.
According to Green's calculations, if there is a "leak".Stop, and Mars itself will acquire a dense atmosphere. After all, there is air again on the neighboring planet. And water. But gradually, the gas is carried into space by the solar wind, the pressure drops, and the water freezes. The remaining carbon dioxide has also frozen in some places.
Even now, the solar wind continues to blow away the remnants of the atmosphere. Therefore, scientists believe that it is necessary to protect Mars from its effects - from this"Wind".impact. How is it? Magnetic field.
Our planet, Earth, has its own, very strong protective magnetic field, which is generated by itself. Its magnetic field lines emerge from the poles and extend into distant space. Mars produces almost no matter; It does not have a pronounced magnetic pole. Therefore, Green proposes to create them artificially, but not on the earth itself, but nearby, by placing a huge magnetic dipole at the point L1 (Lagrange point). At this point, located in a straight line connecting Mars and the Sun, the gravitational pull of the planet and the luminous body balance each other. Whereas, objects located here can remain stationary forever.
The dipole will create a kind of protective tunnel in which Mars will find itself. The tunnel will block the flow of charged particles.
Scientists assure that in a few years, on neighboring planets protected from the solar wind, temperatures will begin to rise. The frozen carbon dioxide will begin to evaporate, as a result of which the atmospheric pressure will increase, reaching half the pressure of the Earth in less than a decade. Then the water ice will begin to melt, and oceans will appear again on Mars. But overall, it becomes"Second Earth".It will take hundreds of millions of years.
Of course, this will take a long time, although no additional effort is required - as they say, the transformation process happens automatically. This can begin in the near future - before 2050.
By the way, skeptics consider the fact that there is almost no magnetic field on Mars to be the main obstacle for future colonists, and even for participants in short-term expeditions - they say, they will go crazy with the blow to the brain from a high charge. - Frequency particles. Green's proposed artificial protection can not only protect the atmosphere, but also protect it"Martian".
In the process of terraforming, Mars will gain life.
About 700 million years from now, and possibly even earlier, Mars will be similar to Earth.
The terraforming process of the Red Planet, even if it is habitable, can be significantly accelerated. There are also such plans. They were developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Scientists intend to replenish the Martian atmosphere with oxygen and remove excess carbon dioxide. To do this, they have already started to produce genetically modified organisms - plants, bacteria and algae, which will actually improve the environment on Mars. The purpose of the transformation is to manufactureChimeras, supplementing with exogenous genes will make the organism more resilient and able to survive and reproduce in extreme conditions. In addition,Chimeraswill be endowed with a more powerful photosynthesis mechanism that accelerates the synthesis of oxygen and the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Vegetation will soon appear on Mars. It's even possible that it still exists somewhere.
Now there are more than 95% carbon dioxide on Mars, 013% oxygen and about 3% nitrogen. The surface pressure is 160 times lower than ...... Earth
Scientific rambling