Original title: Stabilizing expectations and strengthening confidence fundamentally depends on comprehensively deepening reforms.
In the new era, the fundamental driving force for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is still to comprehensively deepen reform. **The general secretary stressed that it is necessary to further deepen the reform in an all-round way, focus on breaking down the deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles and structural contradictions, fully stimulate the vitality of entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity in the whole society, inject strong impetus into the promotion of Chinese-style modernization, and make the Chinese-style modernization construction overcome obstacles and move forward.
At present, China's development is facing new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements, and new strategic environment. Only by persisting in comprehensively deepening reform can we more effectively respond to various risks and challenges, and form an institutional mechanism and development mode that leads high-quality development. The author believes that to further deepen reform in an all-round way, efforts should be made to boost confidence in economic development, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, and stimulate the momentum of innovation and development, so as to implement high-quality development, so as to provide an important guarantee and strong impetus for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization.
Put the construction of the rule of law in an important position, build a market economy based on the rule of law, and boost confidence in the development of the private economy.
The reform of the rule of law and the construction of the rule of law are of overall, critical and strategic significance, and are an important cornerstone of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The reform of the rule of law takes precedence is an important guarantee that reforms in other fields can be implemented in a standardized and orderly manner and ultimately achieve the goal of reform. Without a good environment for the rule of law, the market economy will not be able to operate well for a long time. To establish a modern market economic system and build a modern economic system, it is necessary to further improve the rule of law. In the overall situation of comprehensively deepening reform, there is an urgent need to use the rule of law to unite the forces of market-oriented reform.
The rule of law can be a powerful stabilizer of confidence and expectations. Objectively speaking, at present, some enterprises, especially private enterprises, have problems such as lack of confidence and unstable expectations to a certain extent. Specifically, at the operational level, it is facing difficulties such as reduced orders, operating costs, declining profits and even losses, resulting in the contraction of corporate strategy; At the level of institutional environment, there are still a large number of hidden barriers to private enterprises, and the cost of private enterprises is still high.
To solve the above problems, the key is to further promote the construction of a market economy based on the rule of law, create a good business environment based on marketization and rule of law, vigorously boost the confidence of private entrepreneurs, and enhance future development expectations. First, it is necessary to enhance the legal status of the private economy. At the national level, we should study and formulate special laws and regulations to promote the high-quality development of the private economy in the new era, further clarify the political and economic attributes of the private economy in the form of national legislation, further improve the legal status of the private economy, and further make clear provisions on the whole life cycle of the private economy, such as market entry, production and operation, investment protection, exit and maintenance, so as to provide a strong legal guarantee for the high-quality development of the private economy. The second is to create an institutional environment for fair competition. Only by dismantling the "glass door" and "spring door" can the ability of entrepreneurs to optimize and reorganize the factors of production, the spirit of adventure, the spirit of pioneering, and the spirit of hard work fully burst out. It is necessary to comprehensively clean up and revise the laws and policies that violate the rules of fair competition in the market, treat all types of ownership enterprises equally in the acquisition of production factors, access permits, procurement and bidding, etc., break down all kinds of explicit and implicit barriers that restrict private enterprises, and fully implement the principles of competition neutrality and ownership neutrality. The third is to optimize the best environment for the private economy. Explore the establishment of a private corporate social responsibility evaluation system and incentive mechanism, guide private enterprises to actively fulfill various social responsibilities, show a good social image, and better interact with the world. Vigorously publicize the advanced models of private enterprises and private entrepreneurs, cultivate and carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit of the new era, legally guarantee the political honor and social status of entrepreneurs, let them have stable expectations for the future, stimulate the endogenous power of entrepreneurship, and give full play to the role of the private economy as a new force.
Adhere to economic construction as the center, correctly handle the relationship between the market and the market, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation.
High-quality development is people-centered development, which meets the people's growing needs for a better life, and is inseparable from a rich and sufficient material foundation, and requires a higher level of productivity to provide strong support. This determines that the comprehensive deepening of reform should adhere to the economic construction as the center, through a series of reform measures to correctly handle the relationship between the market and the market, so that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, better play a leading role, promote the quality of economic development, efficiency change, power change, on the basis of continuing to promote development, focus on solving the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development, and strive to make the results of development better benefit the people.
The market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources and plays a better role, and the two are organically unified, not mutually negated, and cannot be separated and opposed. As an economy in transition, the optimal way to integrate China with the market is not and should not be static. With the continuous advancement of economic system reform, policymakers need to make new judgments on whether the relationship between the market and the market is suitable for the development of social productive forces in the new stage, and make adaptive adjustments to the relationship between the market and the market and its governance boundaries in a timely manner.
At present, the construction of a unified national market has put forward new requirements for optimizing the relationship between the market and the market. First, it is necessary to further clarify the boundary between the market and the market, effectively shrink the boundary of direct allocation of resources, and compress the space for intervention in economic activities. In particular, it is necessary to reduce the barriers to the cross-regional flow of commodities, resources and factors set up by the local government, gradually eliminate the regional segmentation of various commodity markets and factor markets, and shift from local market segmentation governance to global collaborative governance. The second is to provide a unified system for the market.
1. An open, fair, transparent and predictable basic institutional framework enables all regions and departments to implement the best policies in accordance with unified institutional standards, and avoids different interpretations of the same document in different regions and departments, resulting in deviations and even distortions in implementation, hindering fair competition in the market. Of course, there are some specific areas where one size does not fit all. This is more about the basic system, especially in the basic system of property rights protection, contract enforcement, market supervision and other basic systems, we should adhere to the principle of uniformity and reduce the space for local discretion. Third, it is necessary to give better play to the role of the first in the construction of social safety nets such as income growth, income redistribution, education, medical and health care, social insurance, and social assistance, establish a dynamic linkage support mechanism linked to the urbanization of the rural transfer population, and gradually implement the institutional mechanism for the non-registered permanent population and the registered population to enjoy basic public services equally, promote the equalization of basic public services for urban and rural residents, and eliminate residents' worries about improving consumption levels to the greatest extent. And then provide strong domestic demand support for the construction of a unified national market.
Focus on innovation-driven, adhere to the integration of education, science and technology, and talents, and promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance.
At present, China as a whole is still in the process of factor-driven to efficiency-driven and innovation-driven transformation, the overall efficiency of the innovation system is not strong, the flow and combination of innovation elements between different innovation subjects are not free and sufficient, the allocation of innovation resources is scattered, duplicative and inefficient, and the role of government, industry, academia and research in basic science innovation and applied technology innovation is not clear, resulting in low output efficiency, lagging achievement transformation and low value creation. Reflected in the economic field, it is manifested in the fact that although China's industrial categories are neat, it is more dependent on foreign countries in terms of key basic materials, core basic components and advanced basic processes, and the key core technologies are controlled by others, and once the external environment is tightened, it will face the problem of "stuck neck".
Basic research aims to obtain basic laws and principles, and is the source of scientific and technological innovation and knowledge innovation. In 2022, China's basic research funding accounted for only 6 percent of the total R&D investment57 per cent, well below the prevailing level of more than 15 per cent in major developed countries. The shortcomings of core technologies are rooted in the backwardness of basic research. Basic research should become an important force to promote the integration of education, science and technology, and talents, as well as an important support point for deepening the integration of industry and education, constantly opening up new fields and new tracks for development, and shaping new development momentum and new advantages.
The first is to build a mechanism to provide long-term stable policy and financial support for basic scientific research and original exploratory research, so that some "slow research", "deep research" and "cold research" with relatively uncertain output but with greater positive externalities once successful can also receive stable and continuous support, improve the academic evaluation system of disciplines, encourage researchers in universities and research institutes to devote themselves to basic research and innovation, promote the reform of decentralization in the field of scientific and technological research and development, and free scientific researchers from tedious administrative affairs. Give leading scientific and technological talents the right to make independent decisions in terms of technical route decision-making, research fund allocation, supporting resource mobilization and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and continuously optimize the ecological and institutional environment of scientific and technological innovation.
The second is to strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the leading force and global competitiveness of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Be good at using the market competition mechanism to encourage enterprise innovation investment, cultivate a group of innovative leading enterprises with certain independent innovation capabilities by creating an open competitive environment, and rely on these enterprises to strengthen the forward-looking judgment of industrial technology and research and development roadmap research, give full play to the unique organizational advantages and dynamic ability advantages of entrepreneurship in disruptive technological innovation, lead cutting-edge technological innovation and promote commercial application, and promote the basic solid chain, technology supplement chain, optimized plastic chain, and integration strong chain. Based on practice, we will promote technological innovation based on China and strengthen scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with the world.
Chen Xudong and Liu Na are the deputy deans of the Institute for the Development of Chinese Economic Thought, associate professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and lecturers of the Department of Economics and Information Management, Zhejiang College, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
*:Volkswagen**.