Can you get frostbite with snow? Is the rice in self-heating rice fake rice? The faster the car, the more fuel-efficient? The February 2024 "Science" Rumor List released on February 29 debunks a number of recent scientific rumors.
The monthly "science" rumor list is guided by the Beijing Municipal Association for Science and Technology, the Cyberspace Administration of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and the Capital Internet Association, and jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Journalists and Editors Association, and the Beijing ** joint rumor refutation platform.
1.Eating pasta containing yeast often hurts the stomach and causes cancer.
Myth: Eating pasta made with yeast is harmful to the stomach, can easily cause gout, and may also pose a risk of causing cancer.
Truth: Yeast will produce carbon dioxide in the fermentation process of pasta such as steamed bread and bread, but the fermentation and gas production capacity of yeast is affected by many factors such as temperature, dough composition, pH value, etc., and if the temperature exceeds 60 degrees Celsius, the yeast cannot survive, let alone ferment and produce gas. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the steamed buns and bread that have just been steamed and baked, and will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, which will harm the stomach.
From the point of view of ingredients, the purine content per 100 grams of yeast is 559 mg, which can indeed be classified as a high-purine substance, but yeast is only a starter and is not eaten as a food alone, and from the intake analysis, the recommended addition amount of yeast is 05%, that is, 5 grams of yeast can make about 1 kilogram of flour, according to the amount of 100 grams of staple food per person per meal, the purine content is basically negligible, so the impact on gout patients is minimal.
It is said that yeast will transform the protein and sugar in the flour to produce new aroma, color and taste at high temperature, and then go through the Maillard reaction (refers to the polymerization, condensation and other reactions of amino compounds and carbonyl compounds at room temperature or heating, and finally produce brown or even brown-black macromolecular substances Melanoid or melanoidin), which will produce some harmful carcinogens. However, in fact, yeast mainly acts in the dough stage, and will be inactivated in an environment of more than 60 degrees Celsius, and will not react at high temperatures, so the so-called carcinogenicity has nothing to do with it.
2.Can you get frostbite with snow?
Myth: There has always been a saying that you can use snow friction massage to get frostbite.
Truth: There may be several ** in this statement: First, it is influenced by films, ** and other film and television works. Second, in the wild, when there is a lack of rescue equipment, people will use some temporary methods, and snow is the easiest to find. Third, compared with ice, people feel that the temperature of snow is higher, even higher than the temperature of the frostbite part, which can play a role in keeping warm. Some people also believe that a soft snow massage can relieve pain.
But under modern medical conditions, it is wrong to use snow ** frostbite, which is not only difficult to improve blood circulation, but can also lead to new injuries.
The correct way is to leave the frostbitten environment and return to room temperature once frostbite occurs. Warm water at 30 to 40 degrees Celsius gradually restores body temperature sensation on the skin surface, and oral hot water can also help increase the circulating temperature in the body. But don't soak it in hot water, and don't roast or rub it with frostbite, drastic temperature changes are not conducive to recovery. If there are blister ulcers, do not cut them, you can first apply external frostbite ointment, antibiotic ointment protection, and then use an electric hand warmer or warm water bag to gradually restore the body surface temperature, and then seek medical attention**.
3.Cephalosporin with wine, nothing at all.
Myth: Some people drink alcohol after taking cephalosporin antibiotics, except for a little stomach discomfort, nothing at all.
Truth: Many cephalosporin antibiotics can cause a "disulfiram-like reaction" when exposed to alcohol, and the severity of the reaction is related to the amount of drugs, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the individual's physical constitution. Sometimes it's okay after "cephalosporin", which can be said to be lucky. But there is only one life, and there is no room for luck, and many times, disulfiram-like reactions are not "nothing at all", and may even cause life-threatening.
Therefore, medical experts recommend that you should not drink alcohol within 7 days after eating cephalosporin, and you should not eat cephalosporin within a week after drinking the same alcohol. In general, a mild disulfiram-like reaction can heal on its own, and the symptoms can be relieved by drinking plenty of water, resting, etc. If the symptoms are severe or do not improve, seek medical attention promptly.
4.Is the rice in self-heating rice fake rice?
Myth: The rice in self-heating rice is fake rice, and eating it is harmful to the body.
Truth: Whether it is reconstituted rice, cooked and then dried rice, or aseptic rice, it is made of real rice, but the processing technology is different, the purpose is to allow everyone to eat rice quickly and conveniently, saving long processing.
At present, there are three main types of self-heating rice on the market: the first is to crush the rice, and then add starch, and then squeeze and mature to reconstitute rice grains, this kind of rice is also called reconstituted rice, this kind of processed rice, its starch gelatinization speed will be faster, can be cooked quickly.
The second type is made by boiling the rice and then drying it. After cooking, the starch of the rice is gelatinized, and then it is quickly dehydrated, which can make the gelatinized starch molecular structure more stable, prevent the aging of the starch from rebounding, and it can be cooked quickly, which is actually the same as the instant noodles we usually eat.
The third type is aseptic rice, which is actually cooked rice, which is then sterilized and sealed and preserved, and you only need to heat it in the microwave for two to three minutes before eating.
5.Drink enough water 8 glasses a day to be healthy.
Myth: Drinking enough 8 glasses of water (about 2 liters) a day is good for your health, otherwise you will run out of water.
Truth: People of different ages, genders, and countries have different water needs, and the one-size-fits-all health advice of "8 glasses of water" is not suitable for precise health guidance for individuals.
The daily "water turnover" of the human body is the total amount of water exchanged, including the amount of water we take in and the amount of water we lose, and to a large extent reflects the water needs of people. However, the amount of water turnover is not equal to the amount of water we actually drink per day. For example, a man in his 20s has a water turnover of 42 liters, but it is not necessary to drink 42 litres of water, as the body's metabolism and surface water exchange can provide 15% of this, and the remaining 85% of the water requirement comes from food and water, if food and water are half apart, the average daily water intake for men in this age group is 15-1.8 liters.
In contrast, women drink less water because women have less non-fat ingredients than men, such as a woman in her 20s who may drink 13-1.4 liters.
6.Refrigeration is not required to store biologics in winter.
Myth: In winter, the outdoor temperature is cold, and there is no need to store insulin, hormones and other biological agents and drugs in the refrigerator.
Truth: Insulin, hormones, etc. are biological agents, and their proteins will be denatured after freezing, which will cause the drug to fail. In general, unopened biologics are recommended to be stored in the refrigerator at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, freezing and refrigeration are completely different concepts, freezing usually refers to -20 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius.
In the north, it is often cold outdoors in winter, and the temperature may drop below 0 degrees Celsius, and if biological agents such as insulin are placed directly outside, it is very likely to be "frostbitten", and even if it is thawed, it cannot be used normally. It is also not recommended to store the compartment on the refrigerator door when storing biologics such as insulin, hormones, and blood products in the refrigerator, as opening and closing the refrigerator door may cause the temperature to be unconstant, and the vibration generated by opening and closing the door may also damage the molecular structure of the biologics, which in turn can damage the drug.
7.The faster the car, the more fuel-efficient?
Myth: When driving on the highway, the faster you go, the more fuel-efficient.
Truth: When the speed of the car reaches a certain value during driving, there is a minimum fuel consumption, which is called "economic speed". When the speed is lower than the economy, the engine load is small, the combustion is insufficient, and the fuel consumption is large; Fuel economy is best at speeds of 80 to 90 percent engine load; When the above speed is higher, with the increase of intake speed, the intake resistance increases, and the drag coefficient will also increase, resulting in a significant increase in fuel consumption.
The "economic speed" of a car depends on a number of factors, including the type of vehicle, driving conditions, engine efficiency and aerodynamics, but it is generally concentrated in the speed range of 60-90 km/h.
*: Beijing ** client Reporter: Liu Suya.
Process edit: u029