Legendary Strategist Zhuge Liang: Where is the real power?
Covering the Three Kingdoms with his hands, the name is eight formations, the river and the stone do not turn, and the hatred of Wu is not gone"。
In the classical ** "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang is a god-like character, Lu Xun said of him"Wise and close to demons", called"Half Immortal"。He showed his familiarity with yin and yang gossip, Qimen Dunjia, astronomy and geography, especially the gossip array of the Seven Star Altar borrowing the east wind, the Wuzhang original sacrifice lantern and the fish belly before the burial, he could never be a mortal.
For Zhuge Liang's evaluation, in recent years, subversive interpretation revelations have emerged, and they have gone to the other extreme, in short, just four words, useless. In order to show that their views are different, some people read a few articles on the Internet casually, and often splash dirty water on local tyrants. The ancients believed that Zhuge Liang's score was very high, which was reasonable, first of all, because he set an example, strictly enforced the law and discipline, believed rewards and punishments, gave strict education, and established a well-trained lightly armed army capable of farming and fighting.
Zhuge Liang's orders were even stricter, and every marching outpost, all barracks, well stoves, latrines, checkpoints, etc., must be carried out in strict accordance with the laws he formulated, and the army could change its tactics at any time according to the actual situation, and military appearance and discipline were fully maintained. Therefore, the officers and men of the Shu army can be fearless in any battle, regardless of the danger, and can more or less fight with their lives, dare to fight.
In order to make up for the lack of national strength and military strength of the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang gave full play to his wisdom and talents, so that the people were not affected by the war years, designed and improved many formations and equipment, and made outstanding contributions to the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the Shu army and the development of ancient Chinese military science. Zhuge Liang studied the art of war, and with reference to the sixty-four hexagrams of "Zhou Yi", he created an eight-array diagram'The husband's strong nature has been mastered for a long time, and it has been lost and regained, down to the bow and crossbow, the wood, the ox and the horse, all from his heart. The derivation of the art of war, the map of the eight formations, is salty"。
Although Zhuge Liang is not a veteran of Bai Qi, Xiang Yu, Han Xin, etc., he swept the Eight Wildernesses and beheaded millions, so since his death, his military talent has been greatly underestimated by many people, such as Chen Shou, the author of "Three Kingdoms", who thinks Zhuge Liang"If the mobilization of the masses has not been successful for many years, the tension of the generals' strategy will not last long"。
However, since ancient times, comparing military talents has never been a simple game of comparing the number of enemies destroyed and the value of each unit. For example, Chen Qingzhi of the Southern Liang led an army of 7,000 white-robed troops, conquered 32 cities, won 47 battles, and fought from Jiangnan to Luoyang, the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but Chen Qingzhi himself was a weak man who was powerless and could not even ride a horse.
Tens of thousands of infantry, riding Qishan for a long time, have the ambition to drink Maluo water; In the land ten times larger, according to the world, the people who were annexed by Lai, and the land where the city was imprisoned, there were elite soldiers, who did not catch hostility, and talked about self-defense, so Kong Ming did not go. "Zhuge Liang led the Northern Expedition for ten years, leading no more than tens of thousands of troops each time, but he came and went freely and firmly grasped the initiative in the war. He not only liberated the two counties of Wudu and Yinping, and killed the generals of Zhang He and Wang Shuangjun of Wei, but also commanded more than 100,000 elite soldiers of Sima Yi's army of Wei who sat in the nine counties of the Central Plains, but he resolutely defended the camp and did not fight.
If this person does not die, then his ambition is exhausted, thinking about luck for many years, and deliberately planning, then Liang and Yong will not take off their armor, China will not let go of the saddle, and the trend of consecutive wins and losses has been decided. "And the Yongliang area of Wei has long been a battleground for soldiers, and he will not loosen his armor and unload his saddle.
After the fall of Shu Han, Sima Yi's grandson, Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, sent his confidant Chen Fu to Sichuan to collect and compare the "Eight Arrays" used by Zhuge Liang to teach forbidden soldiers, Zhuge Liang's art of war system"A and B proofreading system"It was widely established in the Jin Dynasty and became the basic military system of the country.
Sima Yan also specially commissioned Chen Shou, the author of "Three Kingdoms", to complete the "Zhuge Liang Collection", and he was greatly appreciated after reading it, he said:"Okay, I left this person to encourage myself, isn't it also the credit of today? "He believes that the civil and military talents and talented people of the Western Jin Dynasty are not as good as Zhuge Liang. Zhennan General Liu Hong worships the former residence of Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, and the text reads:"The fader is eight knees, not to Sun Wu; Blame the wood ox and the horse, not to mold, the crossbow god's skill, how exquisite. There is no need for thousands of wells, how mysterious"。He praised Zhuge Liang for his many military contributions.
For Li Jing Zhuge Liang, the founder of the Tang Dynasty military god and a famous general, Li Jing Zhuge Liang, a famous strategist among military talents, is good at using soldiers for a long time, that is, he is the supreme"The soldier wants to tie the ring, the order is forbidden, the soldier's sharp armor is strong, the spirit is sharp and tight, the strength is strong and strong, and he does not want to be fast, and he does not want to offend"。Chen Shou's "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" thoroughly refuted this and came to it"The conspiracy must be short, not long"Conclusion. During the period of Tang Suzong, the imperial court ordered the establishment of a martial temple for the martial saints, and Lu Shang, the poet Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Le Yi, Sima Sui Tho, Bai Qi, Han Xin, Li Jing, Li Jiao and other famous military strategists were included"Temple of the Ten Philosophers"。In the Song Dynasty,"Top 10 martial temple philosophers"has changed, and Zhuge Liang is still among them.
Yu Qian of the Ming Dynasty also admired Zhuge Liang very much, when Yu Qian played Emperor Jingtai, he said that Zhuge Liang left eight righteous spirits, thinking that they could be used to solve the war, and said that Zhao Chongguo, Zhuge Liang, and Yang Hu were the three military model figures. He also wrote a poem saying that if Zhuge Liang does not die, he can dominate the world"Three Ying horns, life and death are lonely. The stars in front of the camp do not fall, and the world can be unified"。
Sima Yi of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Sima Yan, Yu Qian of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Zuo Zongtang spoke highly of Zhuge Liang's talent as a prince in all aspects, but why did the literati Chen Shou deliberately belittle Zhuge Liang and elevate the Wei and Jin dynasties in "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms"?
Jin Shu - Chen Shou Biography says:"Shou's father joined the army, but he was killed by Zhuge Liang, and Shou's father also shaved his hair and beard. "Chen Shou's father was Ma Yan, who joined the army. When Zhuge Liang killed Ma Yan, Chen Shou's father also shaved his hair and beard, which was very shameful in ancient times. Chen Shou worked under Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan, who often looked down on him. Chen Shou's teacher was Qiao Zhou, and Qiao Zhou persuaded Liu Chan to surrender"Contribute to the whole country"。So Chen Shou wrote in "Liang Biography":"The bright generals are not long, and they are not effective in responding to the enemy"。Compared with the many abusive articles about Zhuge Liang that we read on the Internet today, it can be said that Chen Shou is the first black fan Zhuge Wuhou in ancient and modern times.
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