Renjun Zhu Yunwen Why did he suffer from the rebellion of Zhu Di, the king of Yan?
The second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunwen, reigned for only four years, and his uncle, Zhu Di, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended to the throne of the Ming Dynasty. Judging from what Zhu Yunwen did during his reign, he was indeed a benevolent ruler, so why did Zhu Di rebel? The reason is that Zhu Yunwen is not very kind to his uncles. At the same time, a series of unusual moves also gave Zhu Di a chance to take the position.
Emperor Jianwen's rule, although benevolent, was extremely cruel to his uncles.
During the reign of Emperor Jianwen, a series of strict policies after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne were reformed. For example, in terms of law, Zhu Yuanzhang not only punished the law harshly during his reign, but also used it"Order"Auxiliary law, to"list"Both of these practices were banned and stopped after Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne"。After Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne, both were banned and stopped.
In terms of taxation, some of the Hongwu Dynasty's exorbitant taxes were cut, most notably in the Jiangnan region, especially in the wealthy counties of Suzhou and Songjiang. Although this practice existed during the Hongwu period, it undoubtedly became more powerful after the reign of Emperor Jianwen. In addition, Emperor Jianwen imposed restrictions on tax-exempt land belonging to Buddhism and Taoism, thus alleviating public discontent.
After a series of political reforms, Emperor Jianwen was considered a benevolent monarch, both because of his character and because of his favorites Huang Zicheng, Fang Xiaoru, and Qi Tai, all three of whom were traditional Confucian scholars. But how merciful Zhu Yunwen was when he treated his uncles and uncles in various parts of the feudal territory cannot be counted.
Let's take a look at what Emperor Jianwen did from his accession to the throne to Zhu Di's rebellion.
On the 16th day of the leap month of the 31st year of Hongwu (June 30, 1398), the emperor's 21-year-old grandson Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne.
3. In July of the 31st year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Longqi, the second son of Emperor Zhu Yunwen of Jianwen, plotted against his father, and Li Jinglong attacked and captured Zhu Longqi and Zhou Wang's family, returned to Nanjing, was exempted from the identity of ordinary people, and moved to Menghua, Yunnan.
On December 4, the 31st year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yunwen appointed Zhang Bing, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, as the prefect of Beiping, and Xie Gui and Zhang Xin as the commanders of Beiping. Soon after, he ordered the governor Song Zhong to garrison troops in Kaiping and transfer troops from the northern plains under the command of King Yan.
In the first month of the fifth year of Jianwen (1399), Zhu Di, the king of Yan, sent Shi Ge Cheng into the palace to discuss matters, and Zhu Yunwen took the opportunity to bribe him to become the internal response of the Yan Wangfu, and Ge Cheng was discovered by Zhu Di after he returned. Later, Zhu Di personally entered the palace to inquire about the situation. When he noticed that the palace was wary of him, he returned to the Yanwang Mansion under the pretext of illness, and Emperor Jianwen sent his three sons back to Beiping.
6.In April of the first year of Jianwen (1400), Emperor Jianwen turned the kings of Qi, Xiang, and Dai into commoners again. King Xiang was unbearable and died; The king of Qi was placed under house arrest in Nanjing, and the acting king was placed under house arrest in Datong.
7. In June of the first year of Jianwen (1400), he was abolished as Emperor Jianwen, and the concubines of Fujian moved to Zhangzhou. In the same month, Ni Liang, a native of Yanshan, wrote that Zhu Di, the king of Yan, conspired with Yu Lang and Zhou Duo to rebel. The imperial court ordered Yu Lang and Zhou Duo to be captured and executed in the capital, and ordered Zhu Di to be killed. Zhu Di began to pretend to be crazy and stupid, deceived Zhang Yu and Xie Gui, and was exposed by Changshi Gecheng.
8. In July of the first year of Jianwen (1400), Zhu Di sent an envoy to the capital to ask the capital to deal with the matter, and as a result, the envoy captured Qitai and others for interrogation, and the king of Yan was forced to confess Zhu Di's conspiracy to kill the king of Yan, so the court issued a secret order, and finally Zhang Yu, Xie Gui and others arrested the king of Yan in the court, and Zhang Xin also arrested the king of Yan himself. On the fourth day of the seventh month, Zhang Hao, Xie Gui and others received the secret order, and led their troops to surround the Yanwang Mansion, but Zhang Xin notified Zhu Di in advance, and Zhu Di deceived Zhang Yu, Xie Gui, Ge Cheng, Lu Zhen and others to capture them, execute them all, and then launched a mutiny.
As mentioned earlier, Emperor Jianwen, while benevolent during his reign, was ruthless towards his uncles, taking action against Zhu Houxi, the king of Zhou, only a month after Zhu Yuanzhang's death.
Zhu Di, the king of Yan, was forced to rebel, but Emperor Jianwen also gave him the opportunity to rebel.
Judging from the various signs before Zhu Di's rebellion, Zhu Di was obviously pushed onto the road of rebellion step by step. What's even more ironic is that it was Emperor Jianwen who abolished the feudal domain and destroyed the stable order left by Zhu Yuanzhang, thus giving Zhu Di the opportunity to rebel.
1.Zhu Di was completely forced to rebel. Judging from the above developments, the statement that Zhu Di is the core of the rebellion is not very reliable. Since Emperor Jianwen began to cut the domain, Zhu Di has been careful not to talk about it, after all, Zhou Wang cut Zhu Di's long history, and Zhu Youzhen's second son Zhu Youzhen reprimanded him for rebellion, which can be regarded as this"Ironclad evidence"。It wasn't until Ge Cheng's long history seemed suspicious that Zhu Di said that things were not simple, but at that time he still decided to pretend to be sick and avoid suspicion. However, when King Min, a descendant of King Qi Xiang, was killed, Zhu Di realized that Emperor Jianwen was actually planning to kill his entire family, but at that time he could only choose to pretend to be crazy and stupid and find a way to save the lives of his family. However, due to the rebellion of Changshi Gecheng, pretending to be crazy finally failed. Coupled with the death of the generals Yu Lang and Zhou Duo, Zhu Di realized that the palace had decided to attack his family, so he resolutely prepared to rebel, but at this time he could only rely on the eight hundred private soldiers in the palace of King Yan, if it were not for Zhang Xin's timely report, Zhu Di's hope of success in the rebellion was actually very slim.
2. Emperor Jianwen's stupid strategy of cutting the feudal domain. Zhu Yunwen's move to cut the feudal domain was actually not wrong, after all, Zhu Di also adopted the policy of cutting the feudal domain when he ascended the throne, but Zhu Yunwen made some extremely serious mistakes in the choice of strategy. To cut the domain, we must use soft means like Zhu Di, first cut the military power, and then attack the royal power, so that the reaction of the kings will not be so fierce. Or thunder, such as the most difficult to deal with King Yan and King Ning, the higher the prestige, the more troops, as long as you kill this powerful minister, the rest will be easy to do. However, Emperor Jianwen not only beheaded the wrong order and legally cut off the clan, but also"The evidence is overwhelming", What's even more ridiculous is that the reason for the choice is mostly rebellion, just ask Zhu Yuanzhang has only been dead for a few days, will the prince of the world rebel? You, the emperor, were very unsuccessful, King Xiang directly slapped the emperor in the face with ** extermination, and while cooling the hearts of the people in the world, he raised troops for Zhu Di.
3 Gave Jianwen Emperor Zhu Di room to maneuver. Although his sons all became kings, according to the agreement between Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, the king of Yan, a delicate relationship of mutual restraint was established between the kings, such as the king of Liao in the northeast, the king of Ning in the north, the king of Gu in the west, the king of Dai, the king of Jin, and the king of Qi on the way south. In this case, it can be said that the possibility of Zhu Di's rebellion succeeding is very small. However, when Emperor Jianwen divided the clan, he first divided the king of Xu, the king of Qi and the king of Dai, and then imprisoned the king of Gu and recalled the king of Liao to Nanjing. At this time, Zhu Youzhen, the king of Jin, and Zhu Tan, the king of Lu, were dead, and it was difficult for King Ning to protect himself. In this case, Zhu Di lost his advantage and gained a lot of room for maneuver.
As mentioned earlier, Zhu Di, who has risen step by step in the court, has no choice. As the saying goes"is willing to cut his whole body, and dares to pull the emperor off the horse"Instead of sitting back and waiting to die, it's better to give it a go. What's more, now that he has gained such a large amount of room for maneuver, Zhu Di may not have the strength to fight, and Zhu Di may not sit still.