Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a wide distribution range, native to the north to southwest of China, and wild in the Qinling Mountains and Taishan Mountains below 1000m above sea level. It is cultivated in Sichuan, Gansu, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shanxi and other provinces, and most of them are cultivated in low hills, terraced fields and around courtyards. In recent years, it has formed Longnan, Hancheng, Jinyang, Maowen, Hanyuan, Jiangjin, Ludian, Laiwu and other well-known pepper industry bases. Many Asian countries have introduced and cultivated seeds, such as Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines and other countries, with Japan and South Korea having the largest cultivation area.
Sichuan pepper, also known as Sansho in Japan, is one of the main economic tree species in Japan, mainly distributed in Wakayama Prefecture, Nara Prefecture and other places, the largest cultivation area of the variety is Asakura Sansho, with high yield, high quality, high essential oil content, thornless and other characteristics; In addition, there are grape pepper, sparse cotton pepper, asakura wild pepper, winter pepper, rice pepper and so on. Its products include fresh fruits and dried fruits. The application of fresh fruit occupies a certain market, accounting for about 1 3 of the total, mainly used for pickles, young leaves, shoots and flower buds are the delicacies of high-end hotels. However, in Japan, dried fruits are mainly used for research and development as a seasoning and medicinal plant. Japanese medical institutions have put a lot of effort into conducting research on sansho. Due to the development of the pharmaceutical industry and the spice industry, the intensive cultivation of pepper has been promoted. In Japan, shosho propagation is mainly by grafting.
In South Korea, Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been used as an edible and medicinal plant, the Korea Institute of Forestry Genetics has been committed to the selection and breeding of excellent strains with multiple fruit spikes, large fruit grains, and thornless, and has selected 13 excellent trees, and established a clone determination forest of excellent trees, of which 4 clones are thornless, and the economic traits of all optimized plants are better than those of the control 15 2 times.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum has the advantages of fast growth, abundant fruit, large income, wide use, simple cultivation and management, strong applicability, developed root system, and soil and water conservation, and is a spice oily tree species with a long history of cultivation and wide distribution in China, and the planting area and yield and the number of Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties rank among the richest in the world, and occupy an absolute advantage. In recent years, with the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure, the increase in the export volume of Zanthoxylum, the planting area of Zanthoxylum pepper has increased dramatically, the pepper industry has developed greatly, the planting scale has increased at a rate of 20% 30% per year, the current national planting area has reached 1.67 million hectares, with an annual output of more than 400,000 tons of dried pepper, including 110t of pepper seeds, forming an annual output value of more than 30 billion yuan of huge characteristic agricultural products industry, including Gansu Wudu, Shandong Laiwu, Shaanxi Hancheng, Sichuan Maowen, Chongqing, Jiangjin and other areas have a large output, and their output exceeds the national 2 3 more. In addition, in Chongqing, China's largest pepper distribution market has been built, and after the initial finishing and processing of the market, the pepper flows to all parts of the country. Southeast Asian countries and Japan, South Korea and other traditional importing countries, in recent years, pepper has gradually entered the European and American markets, China's Sichuan, Shandong and other places have a certain export volume.
At present, the breeding and cultivation management technology of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in China is seriously lagging behind, the production and processing of domestic agricultural products are not standardized, the output of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is unstable, and the problem of pesticide residues is becoming increasingly prominent, which restricts the export of Zanthoxylum bungeanum products in China and has become an imminent problem in the development of China's Zanthoxylum pepper industry.