In Liaocheng, Shandong, there is a historic Guangyue Tower. This building bears witness to the growth of a great historian, expert in classical literature, educator, and student leader of the May Fourth Movement.
Fu Sinian, whose name is Meng Zhen, is a native of Liaocheng, Shandong, and his ancestral home is Yongfeng, Jiangxi. He has served as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, Peking University and other universities, the director of the Institute of History and Philology, the director of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University, the president of **, and the president of National Taiwan University.
Fu Sinian believes in the tradition of the research school, advocates pure objective scientific research, pays attention to the discovery and examination of historical materials, publishes a lot of research on ancient history, and has gone to Anyang many times to guide the excavation of Yinxu, and has a high status in modern history.
His main works include "Outline of Northeast History" (Volume 1), "Ancient Teachings and Dialectics of Life", "Ancient China and the Nation" and "The Collection of Mr. Fu Mengzhen". He is a precious treasure of our nation and deserves to be remembered forever.
Fu Sinian was born in a scholarly family, a family of people, the ancestor Fu Yichuan, was the first champion of the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and was known as "the first article in the opening dynasty". However, by the time Fu Sinian's grandfather, Fu Gan, came into play, the Zhuangyuan Mansion had declined.
Fu Sinian's father died young, and the family relied on his elderly grandfather and mother to support him, and life was very difficult. As the eldest son in the family, Fu Sinian witnessed his mother's hard work, so he served his mother to filial piety all his life.
During his studies at Tianjin Provincial High School, Fu Sinian showed extraordinary talent and excellent results. Under the auspices of his mother, Fu Sinian married Ding, the daughter of a wealthy family in Liaocheng.
After Fu Sinian was admitted to the preparatory department of Peking University, he performed even more outstandingly, and when he graduated, he was the first in all humanities, and was exaggerated as "the first person after Confucius" and "the first genius along the Yellow River".
Fu Sinian, a talented man who studied in the Department of Liberal Arts and Chinese Literature of Peking University in Liaocheng, Shandong Province, met Cai Yuanpei, a giant in China's education industry, during his first year of college.
After Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University, he appointed Chen Duxiu, who was keen on literature and moral reform, as the dean of liberal arts, and even after Hu Shi, who returned to the United States, was hired as a professor of liberal arts, he brought a new atmosphere to Peking University.
Fu Sinian, who had been exposed to Western books before the arrival of Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu, was deeply inspired by the old and new currents of thought, and eventually turned to the New Culture Movement. He published the Shenyi of Literary Innovation, in response to Hu Shih's Discussion on Literary Reform, and vigorously advocated the use of vernacular Chinese.
In the summer of 1918, Fu Sinian was influenced by the new trend of democracy and science, and he organized the Xinchao Society with Luo Jialun, Mao Zhun and others, and founded the monthly magazine "Xinchao", which actively advocated new culture and had a far-reaching influence.
As a result, he also became one of the leaders of the Peking Student Union.
1.Fu Sinian strongly supported Hu Shih: After the students of the Department of Philosophy of Peking University had a controversy over Hu Shi's academic and lecture style, Fu Sinian personally audited and decided to support Hu Shih's academic views and calm the students' dissatisfaction.
2.Fu Sinian defended China's rights and interests: In 1919, China's demands at the Paris Peace Conference were rejected by the imperialist powers, and Beiyang** succumbed to pressure and prepared to sign the treaty.
As a patriot, Fu Sinian strongly opposed this act, and his remarks resonated with people.
On May 3, 1919, Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, immediately convened a meeting of student representatives to inform them of the news of the failure of the Paris diplomacy and the signing of the ** secret order.
The news quickly spread throughout Beijing's colleges and universities, causing an anti-imperialist and patriotic wave among teachers and students. The students of Peking University decided to hold a parade ahead of schedule, and Fu Sinian served as the commander-in-chief of the parade.
Hu Shi once commented that he was "the most loyal patriot in China".
1.On the first anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, Hu Shi and Jiang Menglin, acting president of Peking University, jointly published "Our Hope for Students", emphasizing that "we hope that students will pay attention to student activities in their spare time, because only such activities can be sustained and most effective." ”
2.Under the influence of Hu Shi's reformist thoughts, Fu Sinian chose to return to the study and began his career of focusing on his studies, which is why he was selected as an official-funded student for Gengzi's indemnity.
3.* In the summer of 8, after graduating from university, Fu Sinian went to Europe to study, and successively studied experimental psychology, physiology, mathematics, physics, Einstein's theory of relativity, and Bronck's quantum theory at the University of Edinburgh and the University of London Research Institute.
In 1923, he entered the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom, specializing in comparative linguistics and other majors. He devoted himself to his studies during his study abroad, which was in stark contrast to the "non-business" of other international students.
Chen Yinke and Fu Sinian are known as the "distracted" scholars among many international students, and some people even compare them to "a pair of stone lions at the gate of Ningguo Mansion".
In the atmosphere where other international students are pursuing doctoral degrees, Fu Sinian did not obtain a master's degree, but his profound knowledge is recognized by everyone. Interestingly, Fu Sinian and Chen Yinke's personalities are extremely similar, both are extremely conceited and invincible people.
Fu Sinian is a famous historian and scholar in modern China, he returned to China at the invitation of Sun Yat-sen University in the winter of the fifteenth year of ** (1926), and became a professor and dean of literature at the university, and concurrently served as the head of the two departments of Chinese literature and history.
At that time, he wrote to Li Shizeng, expressing his approval of Chiang Kai-shek's purging of the party. Subsequently, in the seventeenth year (1928), Fu Sinian was invited by Mr. Cai Yuanpei to establish the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, and served as a full-time researcher and director, founded the "Collected Journals of the Institute of History and Linguistics", and served as the editor-in-chief.
In the spring of the eighteenth year (1929), the Institute of History and Philology of the Research Institute moved from Guangzhou to Beiping, and Fu Sinian was also a professor and professor at Peking University"Special Topics in Ancient Chinese History"and"History of Ancient Chinese Literature"。
Since he was once a student at Peking University, he has a special affection for Peking University. At that time, the camp of Peking University professors was full of talents, including Hu Shi, Fu Sinian, Qian Mu, Tao Xisheng, Meng Sen, Tang Yongtong, Chen Yinke, etc., all gave lectures at Peking University.
After the oracle bones unearthed in Yinxu in Xiaotun in Anyang, Henan became famous, antique dealers and medicinal material dealers flocked to the site, and the site of Yinxu was seriously damaged. In order to protect these precious historical relics, Fu Sinian petitioned the ** Research Institute for approval, and the archaeological team of the Institute of History and Philology officially organized personnel to conduct scientific excavations.
In the summer of the twenty-fourth year (1935), Fu Sinian personally participated in the 13th excavation of Yinxu, using more than 300 manpower, which is a large scale, which can be called an unprecedented event since the excavation of Yinxu, and it is also the most glorious period of Chinese archaeological work in the world.
On a scorching summer day in mid-May, Fu Sinian and the French sinologist Bo Xihe came to Anyang, and they were all amazed by the neatly arranged small tombs and a large number of exquisite artifacts.
Hu Shi was bitterly criticized by his beloved apprentice Fu Sinian for proposing that the puppet Manchukuo should be recognized in exchange for peace between China and Japan after the 918 Incident. Fu Sinian believed that China and Japan were bound to engage in an all-out war, and that it was a dream to hope for a peaceful settlement, and he strongly bombarded this.
Fu Sinian was not an empty talker, he immediately wrote the "Outline of the History of Northeast China", which proved from a historical perspective that Northeast China has been Chinese territory since ancient times, and it is full of strong nationalist feelings.
He begins the book by explaining his motivation for writing, which is to prove that "the Northeast is as natural as the sun and the moon travel through the sky." Li Ji later translated the book into English and sent it to the League of Nations.
The Outline of the History of Northeast China is an excellent book with clear views, sufficient arguments, and rich content. It played an important role in the report of the League of Nations' Lytton Investigation Mission clearly stating that the three northeastern provinces "are part of China, a fact recognized by China and other countries."
Fu Sinian hated the traditional concept of marriage. Although his original partner Ding has a gentle and virtuous personality, because she has lived in a small city for a long time, her behavior and attitude towards life are very different from Fu Sinian, who received a new education.
The long-term separation has prevented the two from establishing any relationship.
In the summer of 1934, Fu Sinian divorced Ding with his mother's consent, and in August of the same year, he married Yu Dawei, the sister of Yu Dawei, a classmate who studied in Europe, in Beiping.
Yu Daqi is a talented woman, born in a famous family, her grandmother is Zeng Guangshan, the granddaughter of Zeng Guofan, graduated from the Department of Foreign Languages of Hujiang University, proficient in foreign languages, and is also good at calligraphy and articles.
Yu Dawei is known as a "prodigy", originally also engaged in literature and history research, and Chen Yinke was known as a double hero, but since he met Fu Sinian, he turned to science and engineering.
After returning to China, he made significant contributions to the field of military industry and is known as the "father of China's military industry". Fu Sinian went to Chongqing after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, and despite living in poverty, he still insisted on making contributions in the field of education and scientific research.
On the day of the photo with his wife Yu Dajiao, a friend came to visit him, Fu Sinian was very happy and asked his wife to prepare wine and food. However, there was only half a jar of rice and a handful of water spinach left in the kitchen, and Yu Dawei could only borrow 100 yuan from a neighbor to barely make a table of wine and food.
Fu Sinian knew that he had not given his wife a good life, and said to his wife: "I'm sorry, I made you suffer, I will work harder in the future, earn more money, and let you live a good life." ”
Fu Sinian had an upright personality and dared to expose corruption, and was a rare representative of arrogance and indomitability among literati. In the twenty-seventh year, he wrote to Kong Xiangxi, the premier of the Executive Yuan, twice, and finally exposed Kong Xiangxi's behavior, which made him bombed at the National Political Participation Conference.
Kong Xiangxi's successor Song Ziwen did not escape his exposure, and an article "Song Ziwen like this must go" shook the government and the opposition, and Song Ziwen was forced to **. As a national political suffragor, Fu Sinian successfully ousted the premier of the two imperial relatives, which is extremely rare in history.
In May 1945, the Allies defeated the invincible German fascists and occupied Germany, achieving a decisive victory. At the same time, on the land of China, which was about to win the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were in constant dispute over the establishment of a joint alliance, and each party refused to give in to each other, and there was a great tendency of saber rattling.
Some democrats believe that after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, all parties should jointly govern and form a coalition with the participation of all parties. As a result, they acted as "intermediaries" and actively campaigned between the KMT and the CPC to mediate and mediate.
On June 2, 1945, Huang Yanpei, Chu Fucheng, Leng Shu, and Wang Yun.
5. Fu Sinian, Zuo Shunsheng, and Zhang Bojun, seven national political sufficiencists, jointly sent a letter to the Communist Party of China to propose to organize a delegation to visit Yan'an, "hoping to continue negotiations so that the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression will come as soon as possible."
It was like a reunion of old friends, a night talk in the cave, full of expectations and hopes for the future.
On June 18, Wang Ruofei, the head of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing, sent a telegram to Wang Ruofei, the head of the Communist Party of China, in Baota Mountain, Yan'an, inviting him to tell the seven senators to come to Yan'an for a talk. On July 1, Huang Yanpei, Chu Fucheng, Zuo Shunsheng, Zhang Bojun, Fu Sinian, Leng Shu and a group of six people arrived in Yan'an by special plane, and the leaders of the Communist Party of China personally greeted them at the airport.
Among these six political participants, ** and Fu Sinian are old acquaintances. As early as 1918, when he was working as a librarian in the library of Peking University, he became acquainted with Fu Sinian, who was then the leader of Peking University students.
Now, 27 years have passed, Fu Sinian came to Yan'an and was warmly received by the leader of the Communist Party of China. On the afternoon of July 2, ** and others held a banquet to entertain Fu Sinian and other six political participants.
At the banquet, ** and *** made welcome speeches and toasts respectively. ** humorously said: "We are already old acquaintances, I have known you since I was at Peking University."
At that time, you were a celebrity, and you were called the first person after Confucius. ”
The meeting between Fu Sinian and *** and the gift of words The meeting between Fu Sinian and *** shows the deep friendship and mutual respect between them. ** Fu Sinian's historical contributions are highly recognized, and Fu Sinian's modesty and decency show his noble qualities and charisma.
During the meeting, Chairman ** spoke highly of Fu Sinian's contributions to the New Culture Movement and the May Fourth Movement, and invited Fu Sinian to his office cave for a private conversation.
Fu Sinian modestly compared himself to Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, while *** and Chiang Kai-shek were compared by him to Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. On the occasion of farewell, Fu Sinian asked *** to give him an inscription, and ** returned a Tang poem in a letter the next day to express his appreciation for Fu Sinian.
This meeting and the gift of words not only reflect the high evaluation and respect of Fu Sinian, but also show the noble quality and personality charm of Fu Sinian. This historical event is an important chapter in the history of our nation, and it is also a precious resource for us to learn from and draw on.
Fu Sinian served as the president of Peking University, and he was determined to eliminate pseudo faculty and staff during the anti-Japanese period. He wrote to his wife: "We are determined to sweep away the bad roots and create a new situation for Peking University." ”
In the cleanup of pseudo-vocational teachers, Fu Sinian took the lead in expelling Zhou Zuoren, and the two have been grudges ever since. Although Zhou Zuoren slandered Fu Sinian many times, he never regretted his decision and thought that Hu Shi was inferior to himself.
At the beginning of the thirty-fifth year (1946), Chiang Kai-shek was looking for people from the north to supplement the members of the National Government, and he chose Fu Mengzhen. Although Chen Bui understands Fu Sinian's ambition and character, he thinks that Fu Sinian may refuse the position.
However, Chiang Kai-shek insisted that he could persuade Fu Sinian to join **. In the end, despite the persuasion of the lobbyist, Fu Sinian still refused. In the thirty-seventh year (1948), Fu Sinian was elected as a member of the Nanjing National Legislator, and together with 81 other celebrities, he was elected as an academician of the Academy.
As signs of the KMT's defeat in Taiwan became more apparent, in January, Fu Sinian moved to Taipei with the Institute of History and Philology, where he also served as president of National Taiwan University. He became one of the only 10 academicians of the Academia Sinica to go to Taiwan before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek regarded Fu Sinian as a "guest of honor" and often invited him to the ** Mansion to discuss state affairs.
Fu Sinian: Honest and honest all his life, died of illness at the age of 55. Late at night on December 19, 1950, Fu Sinian was in the study to catch up with the manuscript, and his wife Yu Dawei sat opposite, sewing and mending torn socks while urging him to rest early.
Fu Sinian said to his wife: "Even if you don't cry to me, I know your difficulties, after the manuscript fee is paid, hurry up and buy a few feet of coarse cloth, a bundle of cotton, and make a pair of cotton pants for me, my legs are afraid of cold." ”
His wife was sad for a while after hearing this, Fu Sinian looked at his wife's expression, and said: "Marry me, it's hard for you, I didn't leave you half a penny after I died, and I wronged your mother and son." ”
However, his words became prophecy. The next day, he suddenly turned pale, staggered, said "not good", and collapsed and fainted. Unfortunately, he was overly excited when the Taiwan Provincial Assembly answered questions about education administration, and he actually "died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage" at the age of 55.
Fu Sinian, a highly respected educator, is admirable for his love and protection of his students. When an important person wanted to forcibly enter National Taiwan University to arrest students, he did not hesitate to stand up and protect the students with his own actions.
His words are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and his actions are even more admirable. His passing was deeply saddened by the students, who expressed their remembrance and gratitude to him in their own way.
His spirit lives on, and his story will be remembered forever.
Fu Garden, a Greek-style memorial pavilion inside National Taiwan University, is full of quaint atmosphere and unique architectural style.