In recent years, films about the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea have appeared one after another, and after their release, they have indeed contributed unparalleled epic pictures and outstanding special effects. However, when it comes to the plot, many viewers don't buy it.
The reason is because these movies have a common problem, that is, the portrayal of the volunteer army is superficial and does not go deep into the core. The problems in this regard are manifested in many aspects, among which the lack of the important post of political commissar is the most criticized.
China's military structure has many unique characteristics, and the establishment of a political chief parallel to the military chief can be called the greatest innovation. It can be said that it is the key combat force of the People's Liberation Army, and no matter which battlefield it is, the political commissar plays an irreplaceable role.
In the War of Liberation, the success of several major theaters was inseparable from the first-class partner of the commander and the political commissar, whether it was the combination of "Liu Deng" or the combination of "Lin Luo", which was talked about by the fans of later generations.
However, there are special cases, such as the Northwest Field Army commanded by *** has never had a political commissar, why is this?
Korean. Anyone who has watched a lot of classic movies and television dramas knows that in most cases, the PLA troops will have two leaders, one is the supreme commander in charge of military operational command, and the other is the political commissar in charge of the ideological and political construction of soldiers.
Those who are more familiar with military knowledge should know that there are two modes for the setting of the position of political commissar, namelyPolitical commissar of the Red Army of the USSR and commissar of the Chinese People's Army。Although the two may seem similar, they are fundamentally different.
The post of political commissar was first born in the October Revolution, and its initial functions and powers were similar to those of the ancient army supervisors of our country, and they were the supervisors of the army sent by the Bolshevik Party.
At a critical moment, these cadres can even shoot the military commander directly. So for a long time, the evaluation of the commissar within the Soviet Red Army was actually not high.
Furuta Conference. And the political commissar of China is fundamentally different from the Soviet Union, and the political commissar of the people's army was born in the famous Gutian Conference. The latter introduced a number of important resolutions that pointed out the direction for the construction and development of the Red Army, the most important of which was the creation of the post of political commissar.
It is a good way to solve the problem after summing up the experience of the Red Army in many defeats, and it is also the inevitable development of the people's army.
In the early days of its establishment, the Red Army did not develop smoothly, and suffered many defeats in the confrontation with the Kuomintang troops.
There are many reasons for these failures, which can be summed up in two ways:On the one hand, there is a lack of strength and military literacy, and on the other hand, there is a lack of cohesion among the troops.
Red army. At that time, many Red Army soldiers were quite disciplined when fighting against the wind, and once they encountered a headwind, their morale would be greatly affected, and negative emotions such as retreat and panic appeared.
There are many solutions to this problem, and "strengthening the political and ideological building of the military" is undoubtedly the most effective. This kind of education can greatly enhance the ideological consciousness of soldiers, so that they can understand "what they are fighting" and will naturally be able to cope with various difficulties and challenges.
However, the military commanders of the vast majority of units are responsible for training and combat command, and it is difficult for them to have enough time to devote to ideological building, and they may not be good at it.
Therefore, there had to be someone in charge of this work, and so the commissar was born.
War. The daily work of these people includes several aspects, namely, being responsible for the ideological and political construction of the troops, leading the soldiers to study, and showing concern for and channeling the emotions of the soldiers.
After their accession, the morale of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army increased significantly.
Moreover, the political commissars of the people's army also have excellent military qualities, and can work together with the military commanders to plan and deploy troops, so that one plus one is greater than two.
Many military regions in the War of Liberation used this framework, forming a classic combination that has been passed down to future generations, such as "Liu Deng" and "Lin Luo", which are respected by many people.
Liu Deng. When it comes to the combination of commander and political commissar, even people who are not familiar with the military can blurt out a combination, which is "Liu Deng". After the Liberation War entered the local stage, the people's army was divided into four main field armies, namely the Northeast Field Army, the East China Field Army, the Central Plains Field Army and the Northwest Field Army.
The commander-in-chief of the Central Plains Field Army and the political commissar are recognized partners, and the two have worked together for the longest time, from 1938 to 1950, working hand in hand for 12 years.
They have been cooperating since the base period, and they have a very tacit understanding with each other.
The most important thing is that these two people are both capable of writing and martial arts, and their mobilization ability is also excellent, and they can also independently fight against the famous Kuomintang general Bai Chongxi in the later stage of the Liberation War, and the subtlety of the use of troops is impressive.
**。In addition to the "Liu Deng" combination, the partner of ** and *** has also made countless military enthusiasts talk about it. If "Liu Deng" is the cooperation of civil and military all-rounders, then "Lin Luo" is a strong complement of each of them.
It is precisely because of the assistance and coordination of *** that the four fields led by *** can defeat the enemy in the northeast battlefield, and the color of the talk changes.
In addition to these two pairs, ** and Su Yu's partners are also not far behind. However, these two are special, they have always been superiors and subordinates.
* As the commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, he seems to be in charge of military command and political construction, but in actual work, he is more responsible for political affairs.
In the War of Liberation, the commander of large-scale battles has always been Deputy Commander Su Yu, and his strong command ability has been vividly and exquisitely reflected in the Huaihai Campaign.
However, there are exceptions to everything, and three of the four field armies of the Liberation War had political commissars, but the Northwest Field Army was different.
The commander and political commissar of this unit were both Mr. Peng, and he personally completed the actual military command and ideological mobilization.
It stands to reason that the task of the Northwest Field Army in charge of ** is very arduous, not only to confront Hu Zongnan's 250,000 troops head-on, but also to protect the safety of the ** leadership. In such a situation, why not send a commissar to share the pressure?
In fact, Mr. Peng not only served as political commissar during the Liberation War, but also served as the commander-in-chief and political commissar of the People's Volunteers during the period of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
Normally, the commander and commissar of the people's army need to be held by different people, and a similar situation will arise only during the transitional period. On the one hand, this can ensure that the military is not a "hall of words" for a certain person, and the effect of pooling wisdom and efforts can be formed.
On the other hand, it is also for the purpose of working together to better build and train the revolutionary army. After all, military command and ideological mobilization work are two completely different fields, and there are only a handful of people who can do both.
It is more practical and efficient to select the right talents in their respective fields to work together.
**。Seeing this, I believe many people have already guessed that Mr. Peng can hold two positions by himself, is it because his military literacy and political work ability are very outstanding?
The answer is yes, he is indeed a rare generalist, and he has a very high level in both aspects.
Mr. Peng's military ability is believed to be obvious to all, and as the person second only to Commander-in-Chief Zhu among the top ten marshals, he was definitely one of the most outstanding commanders at that time.
Whether it was personally commanding the "Hundred Regiments Battle" in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, demonstrating his ability to command large corps operations; In the War of Liberation, he led more than 20,000 troops to meet Hu Zongnan's 250,000 troops, and won the victory in the defense of Yan'an, all of which reflected the strong military quality and fighting spirit of daring to fight.
Therefore, in the impression of many people, Mr. Peng is always a fiery and resolute soldier. He seems to be at odds with the image of a traditional political commissar who is polite and good at channeling the emotions of soldiers.
**。In fact, the political work ability of the first is not lost to military literacy, and he can lead the army to victory in many hard battles, which is inseparable from his strong mobilization ability.
It can be said that among the marshals of the republic, the study and comprehension of Marxist-Leninist ideology have always been among the best.
When he was a battalion commander in the Hunan Army, he came into contact with communist ideology, listed it as his ideal in life, and fought all his life to realize this great cause. In order to make more people aware of Marne's thoughts, he also set up a soldiers' committee in the Northern Expedition.
After joining the Red Army, he paid more and more attention to political and ideological work, and invested a lot of energy in this area. Even in the midst of fierce battles, he did not let go of the ideological construction of the army, and he continued to bring new content to political work in constant practice.
**。This was most directly reflected in the 1947 Battle of Yan'an, when the Northwest Field Army joined a large number of Kuomintang troops after successive victories over Hu Zongnan. Anyway, these people have strengthened the frontal strength of our army and reversed the balance of strength between us and the enemy.
However, it also brought new problems, and although they all had ideas of opposing the Kuomintang, because they had not undergone a complete political and ideological education, their consciousness in all aspects was seriously insufficient.
In order to solve this problem, the military operation was temporarily stopped after the application was applied to **, and the army reorganization operation began for more than 20 days.
In this operation, Mr. Peng creatively combined the grievance campaign, cadre rotation training, democratic inspection, and the expansion of party organizations. In particular, the holding of the Grievance Appeal Movement strengthened the revolutionary conviction of all fighters and laid a good ideological foundation.
This army reorganization movement quickly condensed the combat effectiveness of the Northwest Field Army, and in the subsequent battles, a crushing trend was formed against Hu Zongnan. ** It also highly recognized the important value of grievance education, and quickly promoted it to all PLA troops, and soon it became a sharp weapon for political cadres at all levels.
**。It can be said that ** will choose to let Mr. Peng be both the commander and the political commissar, which is an absolute trust in his ability. Facts have also proved that their judgment is correct and proper.
Of course, Mr. Peng has not partnered for a long time, and there is a small reason, that is, he did not find a suitable candidate.
It is the duty of a soldier to obey orders, and generally speaking, after arranging a political commissar, each military commander will actively cooperate. But if you don't find the right person and force the appointment, the end result may not even be satisfactory.
Mr. Peng's qualifications and prestige in the army are too high, he is not only the pioneer of the ** Soviet region, but also the vice chairman of the Military Commission, and his status in the army is second only to Commander-in-Chief Zhu. Therefore, it is very difficult to find a political commissar who matches him.
**。The person who is suitable for him as a political commissar is not nothing, but either he has formed a partner with others, such as *** or has already taken charge of a certain military region, such as *** in North China and ** in the Jinsui Military Region.
And *** is not that there has always been no political commissar, when the Red Army was first established, he successively had two political commissars, Teng Daiyuan and Yang Shangkun. But both of them have since turned to other fields, and have long been alienated from the political work of the army.
In fact, the political commissar who is most suitable for Mr. Peng is not nothing, but he already has a more important mission, and this person is ***
After the end of the Red Army's Long March, in order to better build the base area in northern Shaanxi, the northern Shaanxi detachment of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established. The commander of this army is ***, and the political commissar is ***, and the two partners have achieved very outstanding results, and soon stabilized the situation in northern Shaanxi.
** with ***
In 1936, in the face of the pressing Japanese invaders, our party was determined to unite with the Kuomintang to achieve a common resistance against Japan. In order to show sincerity, ** took the lead in setting up the anti-Japanese vanguard army, and it was still Mr. Peng and *** who took the team to train and command the troops together.
After the start of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the first person had a more important burden on his body, and he had to coordinate the overall situation, and he was not suitable to be a political commissar again. Since then, Mr. Peng has been serving as both commander and political commissar, and he has not been able to find a suitable replacement.
Of course, Mr. Peng mainly considers the general direction of the content in the field of political work and designs the overall plan; The specific implementation and many details are still left to the deputy political commissar to complete. After all, people's energy is limited, and it is difficult to do everything as hard as Mr. Peng.
From this point of view, Mr. Peng is both a commander and a political commissar is not only a trust in his excellent work ability, but also the best choice in the face of helplessness.
**。In general, Mr. Peng was able to rank after Commander-in-Chief Zhu among the top ten marshals, not only because of his outstanding military exploits, but also because of his excellent political work ability.
It is precisely because of such a powerful all-rounder that the situation in the northwest can always remain stable, and no matter who the opponent is, he can lead the people's army to continuous victories.
Therefore, most people's impression of *** is incomplete, under the halo of a genius military strategist, he also has the little-known side of an excellent politician.
In order to build a regularized and revolutionary people's army, Mr. Peng worked tirelessly and made immortal contributions.
The Legend of the Red Political Commissar - Song Guotao.
**Legend" - Liu Bingrong.