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According to the general theory of relativity, there is no reference frame for complete inertia. Lying on the couch at home, it seems to you that you are absolutely motionless, but in the reference frame of the solar system, you are actually revolving around the sun. In the Milky Way's frame of reference, you revolve around the center of the Milky Way, galaxies drift across the universe, and so on. Based on this, it is clear that there is no fixed frame of reference in the universe at all.
Now let's imagine the following scenario – a train travels at the speed of light. Imagine a person sitting on a train and heading somewhere to take care of his affairs.
1.Training reference system.
For passengers inside the train, the speed of light in the carriage is absolutely normal.
2.The frame of reference of the observer.
For an observer outside the train, the speed of light will be equal to: train speed + speed of light, so this results in twice the actual value.
However, the speed of light is a universal constant.
Now, in order for the speed of light to remain the same in both cases, the time inside the train must change. Thus, the observer, who got off the train two years later, found that the world around him had advanced 20 years.
This is just one example. Now let's take a closer look.
Time doesn't "slow down" when you approach the speed of light, just as the distance doesn't "shrink" when you approach your destination. One of the key findings of relativity is that time is not a quantity independent of the observer, as is commonly believed. Therefore, it would be more accurate to say that "time will be slower for a moving observer" is that time is an observer-dependent quantity, just like distance, and does not need to be the same between different observers.
Why is time not absolute? We don't have an answer to this question and don't expect a satisfactory answer. This is because, even if we find a deeper physical principle or "law" from which we can deduce this property of time, we will only push the problem further, not end it: we will always wonder why this particular set of laws governs our lives. Universe, not another. We will most likely never know.
Of course, the theory of relativity not only tells us that time is different in different frames of reference, but also tells us how to relate the time you experience to the time I experience. The answer to this relationship basically comes from two axioms: the speed of light in a vacuum is the same in all frames of reference, and the laws of physics have the same form in all inertial frames of reference. But why are these axioms true? We don't know, and even if we do, the answer itself almost certainly depends on another set of axioms against which we can ask the same question.
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