Before reading this article, please click "Follow", which is not only convenient for you to discuss and share, but also brings you a different sense of participation, thank you for your support.
In 1946, physicist of the US NavyWilliam McClainResearch onInfrared radiationSensitiveLead sulfideTechnology, he had a whim, this kind of technology that can track the signal of the heat source, maybe can be added to missile guidance.
In 1950, McLean gave the project a name, and it became famousSidewinder missiles(AIM-9 air-to-air missile), which was the first air-to-air missile in the world to be put into combat and have a record of shooting down an aircraft.
In 1953, after the successful test launch of the rattlesnake prototype, it was immediately valued by the top level of the US military and promoted in the whole army in July 1956.
However, I am afraid that even the Americans themselves did not expect that this cross-era missile, its first actual combat, was not used by the US military, but appeared in the confrontation between the "Chiang Kai-shek Air Force" and the Chinese People's Air Force.
What is the relationship between the Sidewinder missile and our country?
To sort out this relationship, we need to shift the perspective to the People's Air Force in the 50s of the last century and see how the ancestors were"The road is blue, in order to enlighten the mountains and forests".Target.
Since the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the international environment around China has tended to be stable, but the United States and Chiang Kai-shek, who occupied Taiwan, have not given up on losing their hearts.
The United States, which was defeated in the Korean War, tried to achieve its goal of containing us by supporting Chiang Kai-shek. From time to time, they have armed and strengthened the Chiang bandit clique by means of overt or covert means, and have constantly harassed our southeast coast.
In 1954, realizing Jiang Mei's wolf ambitions, ** and ** decided to launch a punitive blow and launched the "93 Artillery Battle" on September 3.
In the following December, Taiwan signed the so-called "Mutual Defense Treaty" with the United States, trying to let the US team "legally" stationed in Taiwan and create a "**".
Chiang Kai-shek's blatant behavior caused extreme indignation at home, and after that, our army repeatedly shelled the islands such as Kinmen on which he was based.
The Taiwan side has also massively increased its troops on Kinmen Island.
When the time came to 1957, the Ministry of Defense in Kinmen ushered in an old face-Hu Lian
Hu Lian and Hu Zongnan are called together"Erhu"., the former is called"King of the Golden Gate"., the latter is"King of the Northwest".
Within the Kuomintang, there was such a saying:"Ten kings of the northwest are not worth one king of Kinmen."
The arrangement of Hu Lian, a heavyweight, here shows the importance that Jiang Jun attaches to Kinmen.
At that time, on Kinmen Island, which was more than 150 square kilometers, six divisions and special forces were stationed in a total of 850,000 people, also equipped with a large number of artillery, and every day there are American ** ships escorting and transporting supplies.
In July 1958, the U.S. military invaded Lebanon, creating an incident in the Middle East, and the Taiwan authorities took the opportunity to clamor the mainland.
Chiang Kai-shek ordered the three armies to be put on special alert and sent planes to reconnoiter and provoke in the airspace over the southeast coast.
In the face of the impending military conflict, the first province to bear the brunt is Fujian, and the most damaging to Fujian is the air force of the Jiang bandits.
At that time, Chiang's air force was strong, one of which was the strong support of the United States;
The second is that Chiang Kai-shek took with him a large number of ** reserves when he fled the mainland;
Third, the quality of pilot training is high, and many of them are pilots who have experienced actual anti-Japanese combat.
Although our air force won great victories during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the strength of the air force depends not only on the victory in one or two battles, but also on the overall level of construction.
These include the number of fighters, the level of technology, air defense capability, base construction, the number of pilots, command and communication, development and mass production, and many other criteria, which are the criteria for determining the strength of the Air Force.
Chiang's air force in the 50s often entered the Kou mainland, and even had"The air defense line of the mainland is in Wuyi Mountain".The words circulated.
In order to effectively fight back, we are also making secret preparations.
In July 1958, in response to Chiang Kai-shek's military provocations, an artillery battle of unprecedented scale was prepared to be launched at Kinmen.
Before that, however, we must secretly transfer the air force into Fujian Province so as to avoid a situation in which we will be passively beaten when we launch an artillery bombardment.
Before the Kinmen Artillery Battle, our air force was basically deployed near Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenyang, and other important cities. If a large-scale transfer is made to Fujian, the slightest carelessness in the process of dispatch may be discovered and destroyed by enemy planes.
The Air Force is not as good as the Army, and as long as the Army dispatches and prepares logistics such as troop barracks, it is equivalent to completing more than half of the tasks, but the Air Force is different.
Command posts, communication hubs, air situation early warning systems, stations, air defense ......
The more technology-intensive the service, the more things need to be prepared in advance.
**Ask the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Liu Yalou:Can the Air Force get on?
He replied firmly:Yes!
Liu Yalou's deployment of the air force was quickly issued, and Nie Fengzhi, who was then commander of the air force of the Nanjing Military Region, was first transferred to the post of commander-in-chief of the air force of the Fujian Military Region.
Nie FengzhiThe general was a victorious general, from the Agrarian Revolutionary War to the Liberation War, and then to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he won every battle and was never afraid.
And he has relatively more experience in leading the Air Force, so Liu Yalou was the first to think of him.
At this time, Fujian had not yet established an air force military region, and there was already a "light pole" air force commander, Nie Fengzhi realized that things were not simple, and rushed to Fujian overnight, and he and the staff found a hidden small cave as a stronghold.
In the next 20 days, Nie Fengzhi mobilized 6 divisions and 17 regiments of air force.
According to other people's recollections:
General Nie's spirit in the past twenty days is almost furious!
Nie Fengzhi tried his best to do everything in detail, and he had to do everything personally, even down to the point where he had to plan the transfer of each plane and the road map.
He was busy until two or three o'clock in the morning before going to bed, and only came out of the cave when he urinated.
Someone asked him:Why does the Air Force need to be so cautious in its transfer?
Nie Fengzhi said vividly
"The Air Force is like a crab, don't look at you fully armed, but when you transition, it is equivalent to exposing the most vulnerable parts of the crab, if the enemy flies to bomb at this moment, you can't fly at that time, there is no air defense force to protect you, no matter your copper head and iron back, all let you die in the airport. ”Moreover, the other party is still well-trained, and the air force of the Jiang bandits, who is bent on **, needs to strengthen precautions.
When General Nie Fengzhi mobilized the air forces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu, he did not directly let the air force enter Fujian, but ordered a big circle.
They flew to Jiangxi first, then to Shantou in Guangdong, and then moved to Fujian in the last step.
Shantou is a little far away from Kinmen, and even if our air force is really found to be moving, it will not be too irritating to the Chiang bandit air force.
By circling in such a distance, you can not only avoid danger, but also buy time to observe the movements and harassment patterns of Chiang's army.
In the end, Nie Fengzhi miraculously transferred 520 aircraft of various types to Fujian safely.
When Han Xianchu, the commander in charge of the Fujian military and politics, and Ye Fei, the political commissar at that time, learned about it, they immediately sent a congratulatory telegram, praising General Nie for his ability.
This is what our country is famous for"The Air Force entered Fujian".
In the process of the transfer of the Air Force, although it did not fight a single battle, it was compiled into the operational history of the PLA Air Force, and its significance can even exceed the victory of a battle.
Later, it was said that there were only two people in the Air Force who came from the Army and knew the Air Force best:
One is Liu Yalou, and the other is Nie Fengzhi;
One is at the strategic level, the other is at the tactical level, and they are all well-deserved geniuses.
After more than 20 days of intense transfer work, the weak moment of "crab turning" was finally successfully passed, and Jiang Jun did not have the slightest suspicion, and now the "crab" is about to stretch out its powerful "crab claw" and hit the enemy fiercely.
Han Xianchu and Ye Fei advocated striking while the iron was hot and caught Jiang Jun off guard, but Nie Fengzhi, the tiger general who had always been the main battle, was surprisingly calm at this time.
He believed that we should first observe the situation, and although our army was already waiting for the battle, the strength of Chiang's bandit air force should not be underestimated.
At that time, Chiang's army had more than 600 aircraft, including more than 400 combat aircraft.
In addition to Chiang's strong air force, there is another important reason: our army does not know as much about the airspace over Fujian as Chiang's army, and if it goes into battle directly, it is likely to be defeated by the enemy.
General Nie Fengzhi meant that if he didn't do anything, he would definitely make Jiang's army defeated.
It didn't take long for this opportunity to come!
It turned out that when we transferred more than 500 fighters to Fujian, although Jiang Jun did not find anything unusual during the dispatch period, after all, there were a large number of transfer records, and it was impossible to hide so many planes.
Therefore, the fighter plane that has just been settled is about to usher in its first battle.
More than 400 advanced fighters of various types of the Chiang bandit air force took turns to linger and harass along the coast, and all military dependents on Kinmen Island were withdrawn to the main island of Taiwan.
Only combat troops were left on the island, and they put on a posture of wanting to break the net.
Faced with this situation, Nie Fengzhi remained silent, he stared at his prey like a tiger, waiting for the best hunting opportunity.
The 18th Regiment of the 54th Air Force Division is the fangs of this tiger, and the division commander of the 18th Air Force Division is also a tiger-like person, he calledLin Hu
General Lin's tiger spirit is not only reflected in his name, but also in his superb command level.
General Lin Hu is a Chinese-Russian mixed-race, his father's ancestral home is Shandong, and he gave birth to a Russian girl when he "broke into the eastern part of the country".
He grew up in a poor family, his father froze to death on a coal truck to make a living, and his mother and younger brother also died of illness soon after, and he was later adopted by the kind Lin family couple and named "Lin Gensheng".
After joining the party, Lin Gensheng thought that his name was not revolutionary enough and not enough for a soldier, so he changed his name to Lin Hu.
The ill-fated childhood made Lin Hu have a strong personality since he was a child, and he has always been on the front line in all battles.
Later, he also became one of the first pilots of New China, piloted the P-51 fighter plane at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China, witnessed the founding of the Republic, and engaged the US military in the skies over Korea.
He is a commander who has truly been honed from actual combat.
In fact, there is another interesting reason for choosing General Lin Hu to fight the first battle.
When he was at war with the US military in Korea, he shot down the US F-86 fighter, and the Jiang Jun plane that attacked at that time was the F-86.
On July 29, 1958, the war finally came.
Four enemy planes swaggered to Shantou as usual, but this time Shantou had already deployed an air force under the command of the brave general Lin Hu.
It's not like they come when they want to, and they can leave when they want!
This battle was an ambush battle that was unexpected by the enemy, and Lin Hu immediately ordered four MiG-17 fighters to attack.
The captain of Jiang Jun's side calledLiu Jingquan, there are in Taiwan"Empty Target Champion".It is said that he was once personally received by Chiang Kai-shek for destroying a mainland ship, and is famous in Taiwan's air force"Heroes of overcoming difficulties".
Moreover, the average training of Taiwan pilots has reached 774 hours per person, of whom 60 have completed complex meteorological training at night, and there are also hundreds of people who can organize medium-sized group activities during the day.
If you look at the data only on paper, it seems that it is indeed better than us, but on the battlefield, it is always the brave who meets in a narrow way.
The fearless bravery of our army became the key factor in victory.
Our pilots were the first to spot two enemy planes at a distance of 5,000 meters, followed by two more enemy planes by ground crew.
Seeing this, Liu Jingquan wanted to flee, but was hit by the pilot who followed closely behind him at a close range of less than 150 meters.
Liu Jingquan's proud American fighter plane rose billowing black smoke, and he had to parachute with his injuries, and it was not until the arrival of the fishing boat that he could pick up a life.
In addition to this, an enemy plane was also hit, and the whole battle was so fast-paced that it lasted only two minutes. Two enemy planes were damaged and one was wounded, and none of our troops were **.
About an hour after the end of the air battle, Wang Shuming, chief of staff of Chiang's air force, immediately reported the news of the fiasco to Chiang Kai-shek.
After Chiang Kai-shek received the news, after a little contemplation, he ordered the "** Agency" to immediately report the battle situation truthfully.
As for why he was in a hurry to announce his fiasco to the world?
No wonder it's a matter of reputation.
If the announcement time is slower than that of the mainland, it will be considered by the international ** that it is covering up the defeat, so it will be reported first, and it can also leave a good name of "neither humble nor arrogant".
But the international ** did not praise him, but the Americans were also surprised:
"It's a completely one-sided battle! ”
And describe the battle as:
"The Kuomintang people can't breathe. ”
After the first battle, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, Mr. Peng and Commander Liu Yalou sent congratulatory messages one after another to celebrate Nie Fengzhi's victory.
Nie Fengzhi also sent a congratulatory telegram to Lin Hu, and approved the meritorious soldiers to make an exception and drink some wine to celebrate.
The hearty victory is certainly gratifying, but how can the Chiang bandit air force, which suffered a great defeat, give up?
They're going to get revenge.
Nie Fengzhi knew this, and after a short celebration, he sternly ordered all aviation divisions and regiments to prepare for the retaliatory attack of Chiang's army.
Sure enough, in the following month, there were three large-scale air battles alone, and the enemy and the enemy flew out their most advanced fighters.
The two sides flew 2,000 warplanes, and each time more than 250.
In the end, Chiang's air force was shot down 4 planes and damaged 5 planes, and our army was shot down 1 plane.
While the Air Force was struggling to fight back, artillery units on land began shelling Kinmen on August 23, 1958.
That's what it's known forArtillery Battle of Kinmen, which Taiwan calls it823 artillery battle
At that time, 100,000 shells were fired for three consecutive days, resulting in the death of three deputy commanders of the ** lieutenant general. Even the commander of the Golden Gate Defense DepartmentHu Lian, Chief of StaffLiu Mingkui, Taiwan's "Minister of National Defense".Yu Dawei, all of whom were injured to varying degrees.
In addition, it sank and damaged 23 Chiang's boats, shot down and damaged 34 military planes, and killed more than 7,000 officers and men below the rank of lieutenant general.
Chiang Kai-shek was very annoyed by this punitive artillery bombardment by our army, so he negotiated with the US military to let the US Air Force take over Taiwan's air defense, and let the air force go out in full swing.
On September 24 alone, Chiang Kai-shek sent 140 planes, and the swarm of planes could not frighten the heroic People's Air Force.
Nie Fengzhi looked at the enemy's formation, and suddenly had an idea, he thought of the "pocket formation" when he commanded guerrilla warfare in the past, which is what we often call "making dumplings".
Nie Fengzhi ordered the air force to retreat, leading the enemy planes deeper, and the Jiang army rammed deep into the interior, but was suddenly surrounded by our air force, and they were so frightened that they quickly turned back.
In the end, Chiang Kai-shek's side vigorously went out, but returned in vain.
The U.S. military even suspected that it was our army that invited high-ranking Soviet air force generals, and they also published the matter in the newspapers.
After Mr. Peng saw their report, he excitedly called Nie Fengzhi **, and jokingly asked him when he secretly found a Soviet military adviser.
Nie Fengzhi said with a smile that this is just to transfer the experience of fighting guerrillas back then to the sky.
After saying that, the two generals smiled heartily.
General Nie Fengzhi, with his excellent command skills, repelled the attacks of Chiang's army again and again, which made the Americans anxious.
They were afraid that one day Chiang Kai-shek would lose even the sky defense of the island of Taiwan.
After going around in such a big circle, it was finally my turnAIM-9 Sidewinder missileI appeared.
Chiang Kai-shek had heard of the Sidewinder missile and hoped that the U.S. military would provide him with this world-leading missile.
The United States, seeing Chiang Kai-shek's successive failures, also felt that Taiwan could not be allowed to lose again and again, so it agreed to his request.
In this way, even the advanced missiles that the US military had never used in actual combat were first equipped with Chiang Kai-shek's air force.
On September 24, 1958, a formation of Chiang's planes carrying Sidewinder missiles flew towards Fujian Province.
Seeing the enemy aircraft attacking, our troops immediately took off to fight.
At that time, our military did not know that the enemy planes were carrying the world's most advanced air-to-air missiles, and even if they did, it would not affect the pilots' rapid sorties.
It was precisely because our troops were dispatched too quickly that the enemy planes were too close to each other that the missiles could not be launched, so they could only flee in a hurry, and when they fled, two of them were destroyed by our troops.
In order to prevent our army from continuing the pursuit, Chiang's army fired ** Sidewinder missiles at our side, but unfortunately the plane of the soldier Wang Renzhong was shot, and he died heroically in the sky of the motherland.
But the misfortune and blessing relied on, not all the missiles launched by the Jiang army **, they fell to the ground and did not react.
When our army cleaned up the battlefield, it immediately discovered its value, and in the end, the Soviet Union developed its own "atoll" K-13) air-to-air missile based on the Sidewinder missiles provided by our country, and we also had our own Thunderbolt-2 missile.
The sound of artillery in Kinmen resounded on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in 1958 until 1979, when the cannonade stopped on New Year's Eve.
Turning the pages of history, it seems that the sound of artillery fire for 20 years still echoes in our ears.
The pure heart of generations of people's soldiers to protect their families and defend the country is still strong and has never wavered; Taiwan, which is hanging alone, will eventually return to the embrace of the motherland.