The territory of China and Myanmar is exchanged, and China abandons it10,000 square kilometers of Jiangxinpo, is it a win or a loss?
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In the initial stage of modern times, the powerlessness of the Qing Dynasty, the political turmoil and the protracted war made the Western powers seize the opportunity to frequently invade China's territory.
Every son and daughter of China has a deep attachment to territorial integrity in their hearts, and both the Chinese people and the people do not hesitate to stand on the issue of sovereignty. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we have been looking for opportunities to regain the land we once lost, and we look forward to returning to our homeland as soon as possible.
Even for a short second, we must resolutely safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. However, in the 60s of the last century, China took the initiative to abandon a little-known land, that is, the Jiangxinpo area.
Jiangxinpo area is located in the south, close to China's Yunnan and China, with a total area of less than 30,000 square kilometers. Due to its high altitude and rugged terrain, it is difficult to find this area on the map, and there are few signs about it.
It can be seen that the geographical location of the Jiangxinpo area is very remote.
Although Jiangxinpo is located in a remote area, due to the fact that there are many large rivers passing through it nearby, forming a multi-river valley area, coupled with sufficient precipitation, the land is fertile, and the local residents are mainly engaged in rice cultivation and tropical cash crop cultivation.
In addition, the region is rich in mineral resources and has historically been the focus of disputes. The inhabitants of Jiangxinpo are relatively scattered, and its economy is mainly dependent on agriculture. Despite its abundant resources, it has not yet been developed on a large scale, its industrial level is relatively low, and the living consumption level of its residents is relatively low.
Therefore, in Myanmar, the level of economic development in the Jiangxinpo area is not high.
The Jiangxinpo area, which has a long history, has been an inseparable part of China's territory since ancient times and has always been under China's jurisdiction. As early as the Ming Dynasty, China set up three propaganda and six comforts in the southwest region, adopted the Tusi system to manage and govern the local military and civilians, and at the same time promoted ethnic autonomy, and realized effective control over ethnic minorities in remote areas in the way of ethnic autonomy.
Under the management of Yunnan Tusi, the Jiangxinpo area experienced a period of stable growth, rapid development and rapid population growth. Although it belongs to our country, the residents here are mainly managed by the local ethnic groups themselves, and the Ming ** did not send a large number of officials, so the people here enjoy greater autonomy, live freely, and have frequent contacts with other regions.
However, with the decline of the Ming feudal dynasty, the control of ** over the remote areas gradually weakened, and the disadvantages of Tusi autonomy began to appear.
During this period, Ming**'s control over the subject countries weakened, and some ostensibly subservient countries had actually begun to secretly plot to break away from Ming**'s control, including the Burmese region.
Due to its remote location, the Ming Dynasty's management of Myanmar has been relatively loose, and wars in the border areas have been frequent. Many ethnic minorities were dissatisfied with the rule of the Ming Dynasty and often harassed the local population on the border between China and Burma.
Although the Ming ** will carry out repression, the actual protection provided is not sufficient, so the Burmese side has always been dissatisfied with this, and has repeatedly reported to the Ming ** during the tribute.
With the growth of Burma's power, the Jiangxinpo region also began to try to get rid of its dependence on the Ming and seek an independent status.
In order to realize his ambitions, he had no choice but to take refuge in Myanmar. However, Jiangxinpo and other regions began to break away from our rule, and even took the initiative to send troops to attack our country.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, in order to eliminate the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty sent troops to Burma and fought with it. At that time, the Qing ** was strong and the army was strong, and Myanmar could not compete with it, and finally had to hand over the fleeing Ming Dynasty royal family.
The Qing withdrew their troops, and Myanmar was deeply in awe of this. However, Myanmar has always been resentful of the failure of the first war with the Qing **, and in the years that followed, they created border disputes and constantly harassed the Yunnan region of our country.
In order to maintain the dignity of the Shang Kingdom, the Qing Dynasty adopted the strategy of taking the initiative to attack Burma in the early days, intending to defeat it and make it subjugated. Eventually, Burma was defeated and forced to submit to the Qing Dynasty, becoming a vassal state of China.
However, with the passage of time, the incompetence of the Qing ** gradually emerged, resulting in the continuous occupation of our country's territory by foreign powers, and the borders also changed frequently. This change greatly increased the likelihood of territorial disputes, which eventually became a reality in later days.
During the colonization of the Western powers, Britain became interested in Burma and fought three wars. After these three wars, Burma became a British colony and became a major producer of drug raw materials.
Under British pressure, the Qing were forced to recognize the fact that Burma had become a British colony and signed relevant international agreements. However, after the signing of the agreement, the dispute between the two sides over the border territory was not resolved.
After the British occupied Burma, they set their greedy eyes on Jiang Xinpo.
Due to its special geographical location, Jiangxinpo was neither effectively controlled by the Qing Dynasty nor ruled by Burma, forming an independent tribe. After a detailed survey of the area, the British concluded that its geographical environment was suitable for the cultivation of opium poppy and other drug raw materials.
They then adopted the Huairou policy, trying to persuade the residents of Jiangxinpo to voluntarily defect to the British. At this time, China was in the period of Beiyang ** rule, and the domestic politics were in turmoil, and there was not enough time and energy to deal with this matter.
Britain continues to provide various benefits here, so that many tribes in Jiangxinpo have chosen to take refuge in the British. As a result, Jiang Xinpo eventually fell into the hands of the British.
The question of the ownership of the Jiangxinpo area has always attracted much attention. Although the British once ruled the area, its territory was not included in Burma, and the border between China and Myanmar was not determined.
The British colonists provoked disputes in this area, and the national ** side also resisted many times. In 1935, in order to determine the Sino-Burmese border, China and Britain sent representatives to conduct surveys, but due to the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the matter was forced to be delayed repeatedly.
It was not until 1948 that Burma successfully freed itself from British colonial rule and declared itself an independent country, and the Jiangxinpo area and other British colonial territories in the area all belonged to Myanmar.
At this point, China has lost its de facto control over the region, and the Jiangxinpo area officially belongs to Myanmar, not China.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China was faced with the dilemma of unstable international status, blockade and non-recognition by Western countries. In order to stabilize the international environment and gain a foothold, China has decided to first establish diplomatic relations with Myanmar at the ambassadorial level, and seek to resolve the problems left over from the history of the south and stabilize the international environment in the south.
As a new country, Myanmar also hopes to settle territorial disputes and develop its economy on the basis of neutrality with China, a big neighbor.
Originally planned work has been put on hold for various reasons. At first, China was facing internal and external difficulties, its diplomatic strategy towards Myanmar was not yet mature, and its experience in resolving territorial disputes was limited, which required further study.
Soon after, the Korean War broke out, and China entered the fight against aggression, and the country's center of gravity shifted to the north, and the work was delayed. It was not until the victory in the Korean War that China demonstrated its great eastern power around the world and gained a brief period of international calm.
At this time, Burma** decided that the time had come and sent its leaders to visit China in 1954, and the two sides expressed their respective views on the dispute. However, due to the difficulty of reconciling the views of the two sides, the substantive document could not be signed in the end.
Although the visit did not produce substantive results, the two sides reached a consensus on the way to deal with the matter, that is, to resolve the dispute through peaceful negotiations.
However, the main disagreement between the two sides lies in the "1941 line". During the exchange, Myanmar hoped that the Chinese side would recognize this line, but the Chinese side expressed difficulty in accepting this.
So, what exactly is the "1941 line"? The origins of this line can be traced back to the war of aggression launched by Japan in 1937. Although our country led the people to fight, due to the large gap in strength, our team was defeated on the battlefield and could only exchange time for position.
Japan's coastline was gradually taken under Japanese control, resulting in the loss of our airspace and territorial waters in the east, making it difficult for international aid to be brought in. In order to cope with this situation, our country can only open a new transport route in the southwest.
During this period, Britain, which was in a united front with China, proposed to use the Yunnan-Burma Highway and build a railway for transporting materials. However, the Yunnan-Burma Highway and the planned railway are located in disputed areas of China-Myanmar.
The British seized the opportunity to loot and force China to accept their unreasonable demands. Against this backdrop, the two sides signed an agreement to formally demarcate the Sino-Burmese border, which became known as the "1941 line".
Since the demarcation of this line was forced to be accepted and signed by our country when the British took advantage of the fire and looting, it assigned Jiangxinpo to Burma.
China has not recognized the unequal treaties signed by the Nanjing nationals**, including the territorial dispute with Burma. Despite the dispute between China and Myanmar, India has tried to intervene and openly support Myanmar in an attempt to force China** to recognize the legitimacy and legitimacy of the McMahon Line.
China has always adhered to an independent foreign policy of peace and resolutely resisted foreign interference. ** Issued a statement strongly opposing any violation of the sovereignty of our country, expressing firm opposition to the illegal existence of the McMahon Line, while expressing its willingness to engage in friendly negotiations with India.
India also stepped in when there was a disagreement over the border between China and Myanmar. After several rounds of political games, China and Myanmar signed a border treaty in 1960, which formally determined the border between China and Myanmar and resolved the problems left over from history.
According to the agreement, the Jiangxinpo area is under the jurisdiction of Myanmar, while the Pianma, Banhong and Panlao areas are under the jurisdiction of China. This is another example of China's adherence to an independent foreign policy of peace, and it is also a powerful response to foreign interference from India and other countries.
After 100 years, the dispute between our country and Myanmar has finally reached the best of both worlds.
This solution not only consolidates the security of our southern border, but also lays the foundation for enhancing friendly relations with Myanmar, which is in the national interests of both sides. Although after the agreement was signed, some people in China thought that it was unfair to us and that we were given less land than in Myanmar, but we could not only see the immediate benefits and ignore the international context at that time.
First of all, at that time, Sino-Soviet relations began to deteriorate, and China was facing an extremely complex international environment, and we urgently needed to change this unfavorable situation and show the world China's ability to handle international affairs.
Second, the Jiangxinpo area has been out of China's control for a long time and has lost its sense of identity and belonging to China.
India's interference has complicated the situation for China, and if India and Myanmar join forces to confront China, not only will it be difficult to resolve the border territorial dispute, but the stability and development of the South will also be affected.
Therefore, the signing of the China-Myanmar border agreement is crucial to break this unfavorable situation. At that time, the decision was made after a thorough weighing of various circumstances, and while it may not be the best option, it was the most realistic option at the time.
China has territorial disputes with many countries due to historical problems, but with the improvement of its international status and the growth of its comprehensive strength, China's international influence is also increasing.
China's style of handling territorial disputes and foreign policy have been copied by many countries. China is showing its wisdom to the world.