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"Poetry Revolution" refers to the poetry reform movement before and after the Restoration. The first to raise the banner of poetry reform and achieve creative success was Huang Zunxian. In the "Preface to the Poems of the Human Environment", he advocated the expression of "things that the ancients did not have, and the realm that has not been created", and wrote the poem "Miscellaneous Feelings" to criticize the creation of antiquity, saying that "I write by hand and I speak", but it has not yet had a wide impact. It was Liang Qichao who clearly put forward the slogan of "revolution in the poetry world". During his exile in Japan, Liang Qichao founded the Qing Yi Bao and the Xinmin Cong Bao as his own positions to promote the idea of reform of the law and promote literary reform, one of the important contents of which was to call for a "revolution in the poetry world". Liang Qichao opened a column in newspapers and publications, published the poetry creations of Tan Sitong, Huang Zunxian, Jiang Zhiyou, Xia Zengyou and others, and attached comments to express his own poetic views. In February 1900, Liang Qichao's "Khan Manlu" was published in the "Qing Yi Bao", which became a landmark event in the revolutionary movement of the late Qing poetry circle
If you don't write poetry today, you can't do it. If you compose a poem. It will be the Columbus of the poetry world, and Marcellane will be able to ... I want to be the Columbus and Marcellan of the poetry world. It is necessary to prepare three lengths: the first is to have a new artistic conception, and the second is to have a new sentence, and it must be entered in the style of the ancients, and then it must be turned into a poem. Otherwise, if the animal of Jupiter and Venus moves to America, the magnificence is magnificent, and it is nothing like that! If all three are present, it can be the king of poetry in the twentieth century.
Poetry should have a "new artistic conception" and make good use of "new sentences", and these must be integrated with the Chinese poetic tradition, that is, the traditional Chinese poetry genre should be used to contain a new artistic conception, express new ideas with new words, and reflect the demands and propositions of the bourgeoisie. With these three, you can be China's "modern poet king".
1. Artistic conception is a unique aesthetic concept in China, which refers to the aesthetic imagination space induced and opened up by the image system of the blending of scenes and the coexistence of virtual and real presented in literary works. For poetry, it is the artistic realm created by the fusion of the poet's subjective emotions and the objective objects in reality. Liang Qichao's "artistic conception" here is different from the artistic conception of the traditional expression of the scene and natural blending, mainly referring to the ideological content and description of the poem, he proceeded from the standpoint of reformism, and demanded that the poetry of the "new artistic conception" must have new ideas and content, hoping that the new poetry can reflect the Western social civilization, philosophical concepts and material culture. In the long-term development of classical Chinese poetry, its themes, language and artistic conception have gradually been formatted and fixed, forming a closed empirical world. The artistic conception and sentences of Europe are very rich and different, and they can be traced through the ages, covering everything. In this regard, Liang Qichao is most inclined to Huang Zunxian's creation, in "Khan Manlu" and "Poetry of the Ice Drinking Room", he spared no space to pick a large number of Huang Zunxian's famous sentences, affirming that his poetry is intended to be new, and can get out of the quagmire of quasi-ancient retro.
2. "New sentences" refer to the bold use of new nouns in the process of creating poetry, mainly referring to the use of "European languages" and "new nouns", which was the focus of the early "poetry revolution". Liang Qichao initially recommended that Xia Suiqing (Zeng You) and Tan Fusheng (Heitong) were good at choosing "new sentences", and they mostly used "Jingzi jerky language", "Buddhist classical language" and "European language" for poetry creation. The so-called classics refer to the scriptures of Buddha, Confucius and Yahwe, so the "New Testament" is full of words. At the beginning of the "Poetry Revolution", Liang Qichao and others made a simple understanding of formalism in poetry innovation, and created new poems with new terms, not knowing what they were saying.
3. Liang Qichao believes that the creation of new poems should first express the new culture created in modern times in terms of content, whether it is spiritual civilization or material civilization. As for the genre of poetry, he emphasized that "those who fuse new ideals to enter the old style", "open up a new world and contain ancient sounds", "use the old style to contain new artistic conceptions" or "ideal style, the present contains the ancient", etc. Liang Qichao's "old style" affirms the aesthetic characteristics that traditional poetry should have, that is, what we usually call "poetic" and "poetic". The poetry sentence pattern of the "old style" is still mainly five or seven words; Secondly, it also requires the poetry to have verve. Ms. Xia Xiaohong's book "Awakening the World and Passing on the World: Liang Qichao's Literary Path" (Chapter 2) discusses Liang Qichao's literary thought from the theme of "literature to save the country" to the center of "emotion", which covers part of Liang's poetic concept, which can also be used as auxiliary materials for our learning.
This article was originally published in the Qing Yi Pao, Volume 35, February 10, 1900.
Khan Manga (excerpt).
Twenty-five. The wind calms slightly. As on the day of the first departure. For a few days. Lying down is nothing. but to compose poems for self-send. Yu Su can't be poetic. There are less than 200 poems of the ancients memorized. There are less than fifty poems in his life. This time, there was a sudden uproar. More than 10 songs in two days. It's a strange thing. Yu can't poetry. Thought that the realm of poetry has been parroted celebrities for more than a thousand years (Yu tasted the noun of the play Zhang Jia for the sake of trying to discuss poetry. Parrot celebrities feel too vitriol) to take over. Although there are good chapters and good sentences. At first reading, it looks like someone who has met in an episode. is the most hateful also. Therefore, if you don't write poetry today, you can't do it. If you compose a poem. It will be the Columbus of the poetry world, and then it can be. The land of Judah was exhausted. Overproduction. It is impossible not to seek new land in Amiriga and the Pacific coast also. I want to be the Columbus Marcellan of the poetry world. It is necessary to prepare three longs. The first is to have a new artistic conception. The second is to have a new statement. And it must be in the style of the ancients. And then it becomes a poem. Otherwise, it is like moving Jupiter, the animal of Venus, and Ishit America. Rosewood is magnificent. It's not like that. If all three are available. It can be the king of poetry in the twentieth century. The people of the Song and Ming dynasties are good at using Indian artistic conception to sentence people and poems. There are three long-term possessors. For example, the sound of the stream on the eastern slope is a wide and long tongue. Isn't the mountain quiet? Eighty-four thousand in the night. How he behaves like a man and so on. It's so cute. However, this is the case today. It's the old world again. It's easy now. You can't help but look to Europe. European Artistic Conception Statement. It is very rich and different. It can be used for eternity. Covers everything. There is no one yet. Shi Yanzhong can be a poet's poem. and those who are determined to build a new nation. It's as good as Huang Gongdu. There are four songs in the collection. and Mrs. Wu's life poems, etc. All of them are purely based on European artistic conception. However, there are few new sentences. Cover by new phrases with archaic style. often contradictory. Justice-heavy stylers. Therefore, it is reluctant to avoid it. Xia Suiqing Tan was resurrected. They are all good at choosing new sentences. Its sentences are used in jerky, Buddhist scriptures, and European languages. It's quite staggered. However, he no longer has the qualifications to be a poet. Let's just name one or two. Suiqing poems. There is an emperor who kills the black dragon and hides the talent. The book flies red bird too late. The Emperor prepared a triple letter. People and ghosts conspire with the common people to know and so on. Each sentence contains a meaning. It's a new gem. There are also people who rise up to the sea of glass. Beasts, frogs, souls, dragons, etc. If you don't know its origin. Although I can't figure it out after ten days of thinking. Resurrection gift Yu Shiyun. Dacheng Dabi Nobita. According to the chaos of peace and peace. Five began to be the king. I don't know three words, but the rooster crows. The Emperor of Heaven appeared in the net. Come and go at the feet of Yunsun. Mo Gonglong and frog fight for inches. Born from the knowledge of the main Asian. There are also eyes that paint shadows that are not real. The ear drum has a sound and other sentences, and the void ether shows all benevolence and so on. The language is not owned by ordinary poets. Resurrection is a poet. Thirty years later. Despise what it used to do. In his later years, he repeatedly made achievements. All use this new body. I was very glad about it. However, it has gradually become a seven-character sentence. It's not very poetic. I can neither be poetry. The year before last, I saw Suiqing's resurrection. I want to do it. Not to mention the words. There is a song about clouds. Who is suitable for the dust. There is no end to life, and there is no end to it. Earth Mixed Yuan Trillion Clam. In the year of the road to fight the dragon snake. Qin Xin killed Ying Yang. He Bao is poor in his knowledge of the rise and fall. I dream of heaven and receive the words of heaven. Xuanhuang blood sea saw three frogs. Some people beg to write it and note it. Note to more than 200 words. It can be solved. View it today. It's ridiculous. There is really a view of Venus, animals, people, and the earth. It is not dominated by this body. And the occasional embellishment. Common wins. Wenyun Pavilion has a sentence. The night is tormented. It is noon every day, and it is also a work of sitting at night. Yu is very rewarding. Qiu Canghai's question is not afraid of the independent picture cloud of the layman. The yellow people are still gregarious. The poetry world is fighting for autonomy. The couplet can be described as having three longs. Qiu Xingzhou has an ether compatriot Guan is itching. The sentence of freedom and survival of all things, its realm is roughly equal to Xia Tan. And far better than the redundant. Zheng Xixiang said that he had never written a poem in his life. Now I see that he has recently composed a cloud. Taixi Shenzhou does not float. Waves from the sea of stars to the alliance gulls. The republican wind and moon push the monarch. On behalf of the piano to sing freely. Equal rights for things and me, all of them are even countries. The celestial group is a lonely boat. This body knows where. Born inorganic and chemical. I didn't feel that I was stunned when I read it. The whole poem is written in Japanese translations of Western books. Such as republican, representative, liberal, equal, group, inductive, inorganic, and language. It's all too. I'm close to using Japanese sentences in the text. Those who saw it were already amazed at the novelty. And Saigo is even more into poetry. Seamless. The words of the celestial group and the lonely boat. It is also a poet's poem. I then know that there is poetry in Xixiang. That's roughly the way I want to do it. However, all of the above. All scales and armor. It has not been confirmed that it has become a family statement. And its so-called European artistic conception statement. Those who are trivial and coarse in many things. Spiritually and intellectually. Though. That is, in the academic circles. The true spirit of Europe, the true thought. China has not yet lost. In the world of poetry. It's no wonder! I can't poetry. But we will do our best to import the spiritual ideas of Europe. The poetry for those who come can be frequent. If you want it, there will be a revolution in the poetry world. Then the poetry will be destroyed. Though. Poetry is also at the end of the time. Today's revolution is ripe. And the birth of Columbus Marcellan will not be far away. The one cited above. All of them are the march of the revolutionary army. The husband is also a little one.
Originally published in Qing Yi Pao, Vol. 35, February 10, 1900).