Under the trend of carbon reduction, the transformation of the heavy truck market to new energy continues to rise, and customized products for different scenarios are also emerging in an endless stream. However, new energy heavy trucks are still facing the problem of "insufficient battery life", in order to increase battery life, super large batteries, fast battery replacement and other technologies appear in heavy trucks.
Recently, more and more bottom-mounted pure electric heavy trucks have appeared in the public eye, and many cardholders have asked: Is it really safe to put a large and bulky battery in the car? Today, the truck E family will talk to you.
New energy vehicles are essentially the cause of thermal runaway inside the power battery, and it has nothing to do with the size and arrangement of the battery. Thermal runaway of the battery refers to the fact that the heat generated by the chemical reaction inside the battery does not have time to be discharged, and the accumulation inside the battery causes the battery temperature to rise sharply, which eventually triggers the battery **or**.
The battery pack is generally equipped with a strong isolation and protection structure, and at the same time, there is also a "brain" - the battery management system can eliminate battery safety hazards in time and maintain the normal operation of the battery.
In addition, many industries have also developed new safety technologies for battery safety. For example, the "blade" battery developed by BYD passed the acupuncture test in one fell swoop, and even when the strong pressure penetrates the main body of the battery, it still has stable characteristics and full safety.
Now that the safety of the battery is ensured, what is the difference between putting the battery on the back and the bottom? Next, we will combine different working conditions to be more specific about the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of arrangement.
The earliest pure electric heavy trucks on the market are based on the transformation of fuel vehicles, and the huge battery pack is very convenient to place behind the cab, which is consistent with the gas cylinder layout of LNG models.
The cab remains motionless, only the battery pack is installed on the frame, and the chassis layout is not changed, which obviously saves a certain amount of production and research and development costs, and the modification based on fuel vehicles is also a new energy product of the enterprise 10 of the norm.
At the same time, because the cruising range of this type of heavy truck is generally about 200 kilometers, the rear type is more convenient for battery replacement and easy to operate.
Especially for products like engineering vehicles, due to long-term access to construction sites and other areas with complex road conditions, the drive motor is placed in the position of the original gearbox through the form of the rear battery and the first motor drive, which not only has a strong driving force, but also can avoid safety accidents caused by accidental bumps, improve the ground clearance of the chassis, and increase the overall passability of the chassis.
Combined with the inverted short transportation of complex road conditions such as coal mountains and mining areas, this working condition itself does not have much requirements for cruising range and loading space, but has requirements for vehicle efficiency and chassis space.
Therefore, the back-mounted heavy truck is perfectly suitable for such working conditions by virtue of its fast battery replacement speed, low use cost and high chassis of the whole vehicle. In response to the "double carbon" policy, back-mounted heavy trucks have been widely used by logistics enterprises such as coal mountains and mining areas.
As the battery capacity increases, the rear battery pack encroaches on the rear cargo compartment space more and more. However, according to the national standard, the size of the back battery pack is limited and cannot exceed the length of 25 meters, 0 meters wide85 meters, height 23 meters.
In order to pursue a strong range of range, the layout of the forward design and development of the new energy architecture fully considers the vehicle's center of gravity and space utilization, and places the battery on both sides of the vehicle like a fuel tank.
In this arrangement, the space behind the cab is freed up, which can be transported with a trailer of normal size; Reduce the center of gravity of the whole vehicle, and drive at high speed more stable and reliable; The whole vehicle looks more beautiful and is closer to the image of a traditional heavy truck.
Although the bottom-mounted heavy truck has certain advantages over the back-mounted heavy truck, after the battery pack is placed at the bottom, the battery needs to be replaced from the bottom of the vehicle, which not only increases the difficulty of battery replacement, but also requires additional adaptation of battery replacement equipment, and the additional research and development cost also leads to its purchase cost is slightly higher.
With the characteristics of large cargo space, low center of gravity of the whole vehicle, and strong endurance, bottom-mounted heavy trucks are very suitable for application in efficient logistics scenarios, but because of the high cost of car purchase and the need to build specific battery swap stations, it is difficult to achieve large-scale popularization.
If the bottom-mounted heavy truck can take the "skateboard" chassis as the technical guidance, realize the split research that the upper envelope can be personalized and the chassis part can be developed and iterated separately, and the interface between the two only needs to be unified and standardized, which can be easily matched. This can greatly shorten the vehicle development cycle and reduce the research cost, so that the heavy-duty truck industry can achieve the vision of comprehensive new energy.
After the electrification of heavy trucks, it will inevitably bring intelligent vehicles. Judging from the current auxiliary functions of new energy vehicles, in the future, intelligent pure electric heavy trucks will be combined with the production and scheduling system of logistics to further improve the utilization rate of batteries.
After the software completely controls the pure electric heavy truck, it can be operated in large quantities, and at the same time, the efficiency of the battery is constantly close to the best level. From this point of view, the power consumption of pure electric heavy trucks will be reduced by more than 50% after intelligence, if the battery capacity is no longer a headache for pure electric heavy trucks, then the day when traditional heavy trucks will completely transform into new energy heavy trucks will be just around the corner.