Portraits and profiles of the Great Khans of the Mongol Empire

Mondo History Updated on 2024-02-07

The son of Yasugai, the founder of the Mongol Empire and the founding monarch. Genghis (probably) means as wide as the sea, and Khan means emperor. Genghis Khan is widely regarded as the most god-like and deadliest military strategist and statesman in human history, and is known in the West as "the whip of God" and "the conqueror of the world".

The second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Inheriting the legacy of Genghis Khan, he completely conquered Central Asia and North China during his reign, appointed the Liao Yelu Chucai to govern the Central Plains, and promoted the Han as officials.

The eldest son of Ögedei, who was addicted to wine and had spasms of his hands and feet, reigned for less than two years, during which he had dealings with the Roman Catholic Pope, and the Liangzhou League took place in the second year of his reign (1247).

The fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, the grandson of Genghis Khan, the eldest son of Tuolei, the adopted son of Ogedei, and the elder brother of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty. He reigned for 8 years, focusing on West Asia, Dali, and the Southern Song Dynasty. The general (younger brother) of the Western Expedition destroyed the Abbasid dynasty (Baghdad).

Founding monarch of the Great Yuan Dynasty. During his reign, he eliminated the Southern Song Dynasty, unified China, fixed the capital of Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), and rebuilt the Grand Canal, but the Mongol Empire was also the four khanates. Obese, alcoholic, and gout, but he was the longest-lived of the Great Khan of Mongolia (died at the age of 80).

During his reign, foreign conquests were stopped, taxes in Jiangnan were reduced or reduced, and social contradictions were alleviated. The Yuan Dynasty's territory was maximized, stretching north of Lake Baikal in the north and the islands of Hainan in the south, and the four khanates recognized their suzerainty. In his later years, he fell ill and the government declined, laying a hidden danger for the struggle for the throne in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty.

Yuan Chengzong's nephew, who reigned for 4 years, crowned Confucius, banned the White Lotus Sect, and united with the Chagatai Khanate to destroy the Kotai Khanate. During his reign, the currency was depreciated due to the issuance of additional banknotes.

The younger brother of Yuan Wuzong, he implemented the policy of "governing the country with Confucianism" and resumed the imperial examination. But breaking the oath passed down from uncle to nephew led to a 20-year court struggle in the Yuan Dynasty.

He ascended the throne at the age of 18, and was pro-government at the age of 20, implementing reforms and promulgating the "Great Yuan General System", but the new policy touched the interests of the conservative aristocracy, and he was assassinated at the age of 21, which is known as the Nanpo Change.

The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the 10th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. During his reign, monks were forbidden to buy private land, Han people were forbidden to collect and carry weapons, and the mausoleum of Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor was protected.

The son of Emperor Taiding, he ascended the throne at the age of 8 in the capital of Yuan Shangdu (now Lanqiying, Inner Mongolia), reigned for only one month, and was later abolished by Yuan Wenzong, who ascended the throne from the capital of Yuan (Beijing).

The twelfth Great Khan of the Mongols) ascended the throne twice, for a total of 4 years. Created Kuijanggak and edited the "Jingshi Canon". But there have been many civil uprisings in the country, and the empire is on the eve of falling apart.

The thirteenth Mongol Great Khan) reigned for 185 days as the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, and was poisoned by Yan Timur (who successively poisoned Yuan Mingzong, Wenzong, and Ningzong).

The second son of Yuan Mingzong, the 10th emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the 14th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, reigned for only 2 months and died at the age of 6.

The Yuan Dynasty was the last emperor before retreating to Mobei under the suppression of the Ming Dynasty. During his reign, the political situation was turbulent, the people revolted frequently, and the emperor was powerless to return to heaven. He reigned for 37 years. During his tenure, there were frequent changes in the people, and his control over the Central Plains and Jiangnan was gradually lost. Yeshi refers to his biological father as Emperor Gong of Song, who surrendered to the Mongol Yuan.

The second emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty (the first was his father Emperor Yuan Shun), who reigned for 8 years (1370-1378), spent most of his time in Mobei to escape the pursuit of the Ming army.

The last emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty before the last year. Historiography often does not count it as one of the emperors of the Great Unified Dynasty.

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