Two figures who have had a profound impact on China's modern history, their contest is largely a showdown with Chiang Kai-shek. Their military wisdom and talent on the battlefield ran through the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, creating an amazing history of war.
Whether it is the peace negotiation in Chongqing or the selection and use of troops in the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, they all have distinct differences in character and wisdom. These differences reflect the essential differences between the two parties and the two militaries and the great differences in the interests they represent behind them.
Their cooperation and confrontation have left the historical imprint of that era. However, their relationship goes beyond the realm of political and military rivals, and in the end they become more and more like "friends" with complex feelings.
As a former battlefield powerhouse, Chiang Kai-shek once publicly answered the question of "who can replace him", he believed that there were two people, in addition to ***, there was one person who was qualified to replace him.
On July 18, 1933, the Kuomintang held the opening ceremony of the first phase of the officer training regiment in Lushan, and Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech, emphasizing the goal of eliminating the first and the training should be carried out according to the actual situation.
While in Lushan, Chiang Kai-shek talked to senior generals about who could replace him, mentioning that Deng Yanda had been shot and saying that someone in Jinggangshan could replace him, but did not name him.
Although neither Chiang Kai-shek nor the Kuomintang generals expected it, in the end *** succeeded in leading the people to victory.
Although Chiang Kai-shek has always tightly sealed the CCP's base areas and liberated areas, and smeared the CCP leaders, the author found an interesting thing when consulting the information: Lei Yingfu, who used to work beside ***, revealed that Chiang Kai-shek attached importance to ***'s writings as early as 1938.
Lei Yingfu followed *** to work at No. 50 Zengjiayan (Zhou Mansion) in Chongqing under the recommendation of ***. One day, ** asked Lei Yingfu to report on his work, and the main content was that he had just listened to several reports in Yan'an.
** said: "The chairman's reports had a great influence within the top echelons of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek even printed a pamphlet in Yan'an to study. These pamphlets mainly refer to the three articles of ***: "Strategic Problems of the Chinese Revolutionary War", "On Protracted War" and "War and Strategic Problems".
Lei Yingfu was surprised by this, because he had the impression that Chiang Kai-shek had always regarded the CCP as a thorn in his side. However, ** told him that this was true, and it was told by Bai Chongxi, who is known as "Little Zhuge ".
** Met often with Bai Chongxi during his time in Chongqing.
During a meeting, Bai Chongxi told *** that Chiang Kai-shek was secretly reading ***'s writings. Bai Chongxi recalled a meeting he had with Chiang Kai-shek, when Chiang Kai-shek suddenly asked him if he had read a few small books and handed him one of them, "On Protracted War."
Bai Chongxi flipped through the book and found that there was Chiang Kai-shek's brush circle note, and then Chiang Kai-shek began to reprimand the staff on the scene, praised ***'s thoughtfulness and strategic vision, and expressed his admiration for ***'s personality.
In the end, Chiang Kai-shek complained that his aides could not create something of value like ***, and hoped that they would write influential writings to bring glory to the party-state.
Here is a new version of the copy: In the declassified material, Chiang Kai-shek made a rare admission of ***'s talent. However, he didn't realize that *** didn't want to lead the troops into battle in the first place.
After the Nanchang Uprising, the Chinese Communist Party led a series of uprisings, including the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan and Jiangxi borders, the Guangzhou Uprising, the Central and Western Hubei Uprising, the Jute Uprising and the Pingjiang Uprising.
Despite the strength of the Kuomintang, the Chinese Communists have always adhered to the path of independent creation of the people's army and armed struggle. ** Once used "forced to go to Liangshan" to describe his experience of leading soldiers, he said: "I was forced to go to Liangshan.
Before, I was not prepared for war, just teaching elementary school. It was in that year that he was forced to go to Liangshan. He added: "I was forced to do this because the reactionaries killed too many people." ”
In the end, history tells us that the decisive battle of 1949 ended in the victory of the Chinese Communist Party. And Deng Yanda, another person in Chiang Kai-shek's mouth who can replace him, although he was not an idle person before he was killed, is also a remarkable figure.
** once praised Deng Yanda: "Mr. Deng Yanda is a very good person, I like this person very much." Deng Yanda was the leader of the left wing of the Kuomintang and was born in Huiyang County, Guangdong Province in 1895.
In 1919, he graduated from the Baoding Military Academy, and then followed Sun Yat-sen in revolutionary action. He was present in some important battles, and was also promoted to battalion commander and regiment commander.
Deng Yanda: A Loyal Guardian of the National Revolution Deng Yanda, as one of the seven members of the preparatory committee for Sun Yat-sen's establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy, served as the deputy director of the training department and the head of the student team after the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy.
Although he had known Chiang Kai-shek for a long time, the relationship between the two was not good, because Deng Yanda was dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's methods of doing things. "Zhongshan ship incident"After the incident, Deng Yanda was greatly dissatisfied and directly attacked Chiang Kai-shek.
Soon, Chiang Kai-shek directly transferred Deng Yanda to the Chaozhou branch of the Whampoa Military Academy as the director of education. For Chiang Kai-shek's ** rule, Deng Yanda has always hated it. After the initial victory of the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek's ** tendency became more obvious.
He attempted to move the Kuomintang Party Headquarters and the Kuomintang to Nanchang, where the General Headquarters was located, instead of to Wuhan. Deng Yanda was so annoyed by this that at a mass rally in Wuhan attended by Chiang Kai-shek, he raised his arms and shouted: "* The party headquarters will be moved to Wuhan immediately!" ”
After that, Deng Yanda made many speeches, expounding the importance of opposing personal **, and gradually broke with Chiang Kai-shek. On January 3, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek presided over the sixth extraordinary meeting of the National Political Conference in Nanchang.
With his loyalty and courage, Deng Yanda made outstanding contributions to the cause of the national revolution.
Chiang Kai-shek and Deng Yanda's Differences at the Meeting At a meeting, Chiang Kai-shek put forward the idea of temporarily stationing the **Party Headquarters and ** in Nanchang, but Deng Yanda strongly opposed it.
This made Chiang Kai-shek angry, and he wrote in his diary: "I was so troubled that I could hardly sleep." Chiang Kai-shek was then reluctant to leave for the meeting, and did not arrive in Wuhan until January 12.
At the provisional ** party and government joint meeting, Chiang Kai-shek once again proposed the idea of changing the capital to Nanchang, but was still opposed by Deng Yanda. Chiang Kai-shek was extremely dissatisfied with Deng Yanda's remarks, believing that he was more radical than the Communists, which brought great irritation to Chiang.
From then on, Chiang Kai-shek regarded Deng Yanda as a confidant. Deng Yanda did not back down because of this, he published "What should everyone pay attention to now?" in "Hankou***". , summed up the lessons of the failure of the Xinhai Revolution and emphasized the importance of solving the peasant problem. For example, he wrote: "If it does not represent the demands of the masses, it is a selfish and individual action, and if it violates the reality of the masses, it will inevitably fall into isolation and reach a dead end", "The results of the failure of the revolution in Xinhai have taught us that if our party is unable to give practical benefits to the broad masses of the suffering masses, especially the peasant masses, the revolution will definitely fail." ”
Deng Yanda's article pointed out that some people within the Kuomintang only cared about their personal interests, ran counter to the interests of the revolution, and also tried to gain political power, and pointed the spearhead at Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek was extremely dissatisfied with this, but at first he did not kill Deng Yanda, but wrote a letter to persuade him to repent. However, when Deng Yanda tried to convince the Whampoa cadets and Li Jishen to oppose Chiang, Chiang Kai-shek was completely disappointed, and the relationship between the two was incompatible.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12 counter-revolutionary coup" and wantonly became a Communists. Deng Yanda was resolutely opposed and advocated the eastward crusade against Chiang, but he was soon listed as a "** element and a ** concurrence ** element".
At the same time, Wang Jingwei in Wuhan also began to "purge the party", and Deng Yanda's situation became more and more dangerous. In the end, Deng Yanda published an article condemning Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal of Sun Yat-sen's "Three People's Principles" and secretly fled Wuhan for Moscow.
At this time, the CCP had launched the Nanchang Uprising, and although Deng Yanda did not participate directly, he was still elected as one of the seven-member presidium members of the Revolutionary Committee.
In 1927, Deng Yanda, together with Soong Ching-ling and Chen Youren, jointly issued the "People's Declaration to the Chinese and World Revolution" in Moscow, declaring that they would inherit Sun Yat-sen's legacy, continue to unite with Russia and the Communist Party, and start the struggle against Chiang.
In 1930, Deng Yanda secretly returned to China and established the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in the French Concession in Shanghai, and he was elected director general to carry out the anti-Chiang struggle with practical actions.
This committee was the predecessor of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, and it was different from the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, so it was also called the "third party." In just one year, the "third party" has developed rapidly, and the grassroots organizations it has formed have spread all over 14 provinces and cities across the country, and even Luo Zhuoying, Du Yuming, Song Xilian, Zhou Zhirou, and Xiao Qian of the 18th Army, a descendant of Chiang Kai-shek, and even Yang Hucheng and Deng Baoshan of the Northwest Army, have all participated.
Deng Yanda also initiated the organization of the Whampoa Revolutionary Alumni Association, calling on everyone to take action to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's rule. Chiang Kai-shek saw that the strength of the "third party" was growing, and he panicked and offered a reward of 300,000 yuan for the arrest of Deng Yanda.
On August 17, 1931, on the eve of going to Jiangxi to plan an uprising, Deng Yanda was betrayed in Shanghai for being a traitor.
After Deng Yanda**, Chiang Kai-shek ordered people to escort him to Nanjing. During his detention, Chiang Kai-shek treated him both soft and hard, and also sent Wu Zhihui to persuade him to dissolve the organization, give up his political ideas, and promise a ** position, but Deng Yanda sternly refused.
After the 918 incident, Chiang Kai-shek asked Deng Yanda what he thought, but Deng Yanda was blunt and criticized his civil war policy. Although Deng Yanda was unwilling to compromise, Chiang Kai-shek was always hesitant to kill him.
However, Dai Jitao insisted that Deng Yanda must be killed, otherwise the consequences would be serious. Dai Jitao warned: "There is no one else who can shake the foundation and disperse the revolutionary forces of Whampoa except Deng Yanda." ”
At that time, more than 20 Whampoa cadets jointly wrote a letter demanding the release of Deng Yanda, and the confrontation between Ningbo and Guangdong within the Kuomintang forced Chiang Kai-shek to announce his resignation. Chiang Kai-shek feared that Deng Yanda would use his influence to control the army and prevent him from returning to power.
In the end, Chiang Kai-shek decided to kill Deng Yanda before going into the wilderness.
On the night of November 29, 1931, Deng Yanda died heroically at Shazigang outside the Qilin Gate in Nanjing at the age of 36. The news of Deng Yanda's murder was strictly blocked until early December, when Soong Ching-ling made a special trip to Nanjing to confront Chiang Kai-shek in person, and it was confirmed.
Chiang Kai-shek said helplessly: "You can't see him anymore now, he has already been shot." Song Qingling was furious after hearing this, and overturned the coffee table in front of Chiang Kai-shek.
On December 19 of the same year, Soong Ching-ling publicly issued the "Soong Ching-ling Manifesto" in Shanghai, denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's despicable acts, pointing out that "as a political force, the Kuomintang no longer exists." ”
After Deng Yanda was killed, ** deeply regretted, when he read "The Biography of Xu Yougong" in the "New Tang Dynasty Book", he wrote a comment on the side: "Life is short, but the spirit is eternal.
Deng Yanda, Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Zeng Jing, Dai Mingshi, Qu Qiubai, Fang Zhimin, Yang Hucheng, Wen Yiduo and others died with their lives, and they are not also magnificent! ”
Deng Yanda occupies an important position in the hearts of the people, and his noble personality and firm stance on Chiang Kai-shek have been highly praised. Today, Deng Yanda's remains are buried next to the Linggu Temple in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Scenic Area.