Changsha Evening News, Changsha, February 16 (full ** reporter Yang Yunlong, correspondent Tang Xiaoyan, Zhao Shanlu) Today is the seventh day of the Spring Festival holiday, many people embarked on the way back, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that with the increase in the flow of people, the risk of some infectious diseases will increase, and it is necessary to focus on the risk of new coronavirus infection, respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, and norovirus infection. In addition, people traveling to Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa, as well as those returning from travel or returning home to visit relatives, need to take precautions against mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever and malaria.
Maintain good personal protection habits to prevent respiratory infections.
At present, the new crown epidemic in China is at a low level, but the recent monitoring data has increased slightly. In addition, spring is the season of high incidence of respiratory infections such as influenza. Since November 2023, respiratory infectious diseases in China have been dominated by seasonal influenza, as well as rhinovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and other respiratory pathogens. Surveillance data show that the intensity of influenza epidemics is gradually decreasing, but there is still a risk of transmission of multiple respiratory infectious diseases.
To this end, the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminds everyone to take the following measures to prevent respiratory infectious diseases:
Maintain good personal protection habits, wash hands frequently, wear masks scientifically, and pay attention to cough etiquette. It is recommended to wear a mask when taking public transportation such as planes, trains, coaches, ships, subways, and buses; Elderly people, people with chronic underlying medical conditions, pregnant women, etc., should wear masks when going to indoor public places. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, towel, etc.
Avoid close contact with people with respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough. Advocate that people with respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough avoid participating in group activities or going to crowded places, seek medical treatment in a timely manner, and wear masks throughout the medical treatment process.
Vaccinations. It is recommended that people at high risk of severe disease, such as the elderly and patients with chronic underlying diseases, actively receive the new coronavirus vaccine containing the antigen component of the XBB variant. Priority is given to recommending medical personnel, the elderly aged 60 and above, patients with chronic diseases, vulnerable groups and employees in crowded places such as nursing institutions and welfare homes, pregnant women, children aged 6 to 59 months, family members and caregivers of infants under 6 months of age, and people in places prone to influenza outbreaks.
Practice good food hygiene to prevent norovirus infection.
The most common symptoms of the disease are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Cases and people infected are the main sources of norovirus infection and are mainly infected through ingestion of food or water contaminated with faeces or vomitus, contact with feces or vomit from patients, inhalation of aerosols produced during vomiting, and indirect contact with objects and environments contaminated with faeces or vomitus.
There is currently no vaccine to prevent norovirus infection, and personal protection is key to preventing infection
Practice good hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating, after using the toilet, and before processing food.
Develop good dietary hygiene habits: pay attention to food and drinking water hygiene, try to eat cooked food, do not eat raw or undercooked meat, seafood, vegetables, wash and peel fruits, and drink boiled water or unopened pre-packaged water.
Do a good job of home observation: patients infected with norovirus should be isolated within 3 days after the illness period, patients with mild symptoms can be isolated at home or in the place where the epidemic occurred, and severe patients should be sent to medical institutions for isolation**.
Do a good job of disinfection: Surfaces contaminated by the patient's vomit or feces should be cleaned and disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectants or other effective disinfectants in a timely manner, and contaminated clothes or bed sheets should be taken off and washed immediately, rubber or disposable gloves should be worn when washing, and hands should be washed carefully after washing. Of particular note is that alcohol is not effective against norovirus.
Do not eat food that is undercooked or from unknown sources.
During the holiday season, there are more opportunities to eat together and eat out, and the risk of food poisoning increases accordingly. Food poisoning caused by microorganisms is the most common in China, and other poisonings such as wild mushrooms and wild plants also occur from time to time. Food poisoning usually occurs acutely shortly after eating, with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
To this end, the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminds everyone to take the following measures to prevent food poisoning: wash hands frequently, especially before eating, after using the toilet, and before processing food; Choose fresh and safe food raw materials, and pay attention to the separation of raw and cooked food during processing; When eating out, pay attention to choosing a regular restaurant with good hygienic conditions; Do not eat uncooked food, do not eat unclean fruits and vegetables, do not eat food from unknown sources, and do not eat unknown wild mushrooms and wild plants.
Note that "cooking tea around the hearth" has become a high incidence of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and non-irritating, but it can cause choking. Spring is the season of high incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, the main place of occurrence is the family, the main risk factors include the use of coal stoves, charcoal fires and other heating in a poorly ventilated environment, the use of gas and gas water heaters, improper installation or unqualified quality, gas leakage in gas stoves or gas pipelines, restaurants and hotels using charcoal fires, gas, gas generators, garages and basements using small oil and gas generators, and closed air-conditioned cars are also high-risk places.
In addition, "cooking tea around the hearth" has also become a high incidence of carbon monoxide poisoning. After mild and moderate poisoning, quickly get out of the poisoning environment and rescue in time, generally without sequelae; Patients with severe poisoning have a high mortality rate, and survivors may have severe sequelae.
Therefore, when using heating equipment such as coal stoves or charcoal fires, gas or gas water heaters, gas or gas or charcoal stoves, small oil or steam generators, good ventilation should be maintained, carbon monoxide detectors should be installed, and regular inspection and maintenance should be carried out. When the vehicle is parked in the garage or basement, do not let the car engine run continuously; When the car is parked, do not leave the air conditioner on for a long time, and do not sleep in a car with the doors and windows closed and the air conditioner on.
In the event of carbon monoxide poisoning, the windows should be opened immediately for ventilation, and the facilities and equipment such as gas, gas, and charcoal fires should be quickly turned off, and the poisoned person should be quickly transferred to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, and pay attention to keeping warm. Call 120 emergency as soon as possible** and proceed to the hyperbaric oxygen chamber** as soon as possible. Critically ill patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest should be given immediate rescue breaths and cardiac compressions.
When returning from travel to these areas, take precautions against mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever and malaria.
The Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminds that people who travel to Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa during the Spring Festival holiday, as well as those who return from travel or return to their hometowns to visit relatives, need to pay attention to mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever and malaria.
The main symptoms of dengue fever include fever, headache, orbital pain, joint and muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, rash, mild bleeding, and in severe cases, hemorrhage, shock, organ failure, and even death.
Malaria will feel chills, fever, chills when attacking, commonly known as "swing", because the early symptoms are similar to the epidemic, many people are easy to mistake malaria for a cold, so they do not pay attention to it and do not get timely medicine** and make the condition worse. If not given within 24 hours**, falciparum malaria has the potential to develop into severe malaria and is often fatal.
It is recommended to learn about the epidemic status of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever and malaria in the destination country in advance, and learn relevant prevention and control knowledge.
During travel in Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, etc., it is recommended to wear loose, light-colored long-sleeved tops and long pants; Spray effective insect repellent on ** and clothing; Use mosquito nets, mosquito coils and other mosquito prevention measures when sleeping.
When returning to China, if you have fever, rash, diarrhea and other symptoms, you should truthfully and actively declare your health status and travel history in dengue fever and other epidemic areas or countries to the customs, and cooperate with the investigation of infectious diseases.
After returning to China, if you have fever, rash, diarrhea and other symptoms, you should seek medical attention in time, and inform the doctor of the travel history of dengue fever and other epidemic areas or countries, so as to be early detection, early diagnosis and early **.