Li Jishen's appointment as vice chairman is controversial, and what is the premier's attitude
On September 21, 1949, the First Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. In addition to important topics such as the national flag, national anthem, and country name, the meeting also confirmed the leadership of our country.
In this new leadership, including Soong Ching-ling, Zhang Lan, Li Jishen and other democrats, held the post of vice chairman. As the mother of the country, Soong Ching Ling is the widow of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and is widely respected and loved by everyone.
Mr. Zhang Lan has won wide recognition for his noble character and outstanding leadership skills. Among his beloved disciples, there were many patriotic generals, so he was honored as the "Beichuan Sage".
However, Li Jishen's appointment has caused a lot of controversy. He used to be a warlord with enormous military power. He even launched the "April 15" coup d'état with Chiang Kai-shek, which led to the unfortunate death of 2,000 Communist Party members and the masses such as Deng Pei and Xiao Chunu.
The appointment is undoubtedly disrespectful to the victims and casts doubt on the legitimacy of the new leadership. Although there is controversy over Li Jishen's appointment, the convening of the CPPCC and the confirmation of China's leadership are still an important milestone in China's history, marking an important step in China's transition from the old era to the new era.
In his early years, Li Jishen attracted attention for his unique insights and action. ** Zeng said that if he had listened to his advice at that time, perhaps the party would not have had to go through the Long March.
Born in 1885, Li Jishen came from a half-farming and half-study family in Cangwu County, Guangxi, and was deeply influenced by traditional Chinese culture. At the age of 16, he was admitted to the Wuzhou Chinese and Western School and received the enlightenment of Western-style democracy.
Subsequently, in 1909, Li Jishen was sent to the Baoding Military Advisory Office Military Academy (later changed to the Army University), which trained many Kuomintang bigwigs, including Ye Ting, Chiang Kai-shek, Bai Chongxi, Zhang Zhizhong, Huang Wei and others.
Studying here has laid a solid foundation for his networking. In 1911, Li Jishen was studying at the Army University, and after learning the news of the Wuchang Uprising, he could no longer hold back the excitement in his heart.
He led his classmates to blow up the Liuhe Iron Bridge near Baoding, and successfully blocked the southward march of the Qing army. This operation fully demonstrated his wisdom and courage, and also laid a solid foundation for his future development.
At a young age, Li Jishen showed a deep concern for the fate of the country. He learned that the Guangdong Army had organized the Northern Expedition and went straight to Shanghai to defect to Yao Yuping, the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expeditionary Army. Yao Yuping personally appointed him as a staff officer of the headquarters, he actively participated in the formulation of tactics, personally rushed to the front line to command, charged, made great achievements for the Northern Expedition, and participated in the overthrow of China's feudal monarchy that lasted for 2,000 years.
However, after retiring after his success, he was exceptionally promoted to chief of staff of the 22nd Division. After the war, he bid farewell to Yao Yuping and went north to return to the school to teach for five years, training batches of high-ranking officers for our country.
He is known as "the national army is all post-graduate, and the famous general in Guangdong is the protégé". However, he deeply felt that the Army University was controlled by Beiyang**, and he hated the backwardness and decay of the Beiyang warlords.
So, in the spring of 1921, he resigned from Lu Da and went south to Guangzhou, and joined the Chinese Kuomintang under the introduction of his close friend Deng Keng.
Ah! If the students of this school were able to endure hardships and work so hard, they will be able to continue my life and realize the doctrine of the Party, and now I can leave with peace of mind. ”
However, such days did not last long, and the flame of the great democratic revolution began to falter.
The death of Sun Yat-sen, a great figure of the two parties, sparked a rebellion by the Yunnan and Guizhou warlords Yang Ximin and Liu Zhenhuan, who led their troops to attack Guangzhou in an attempt to overthrow the revolution in Guangzhou.
When Li Jishen learned that his hometown was facing a crisis, he led the First Division of the Guangdong Army to the battlefield, and the war was quelled in just three months. His heroic deeds won praise from ***, ** once said: "Li Jishen's first division is a relatively revolutionary unit under Sun Yat-sen." ”
Although Li Jishen participated in the coup d'état, he actively opposed Chiang Kai-shek, opposing Chiang Kai-shek's military ambitions and the reactionary forces with him at the core. From January 20 to 25, 1927, these people climbed Lushan Mountain and conspired at the Xianyan Hotel, and Huang Yan actively offered advice to Chiang.
The resolutions reached included explicitly stating the policy of "leaving Russia and purging the party", establishing the southeast, contacting the gentry and merchants, abandoning Russia and alliing with Japan, and uniting Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang. The most insidious of these was the policy of "leaving Russia and purging the party", which Chiang Kai-shek quickly adopted and unleashed a butcher's knife against his former colleagues.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek, with the support of imperialism, launched the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup d'état that shocked the whole country. Seeing the wind, the Kuomintang in Guangzhou could not wait to prepare for the so-called "Defending the Party and Saving the Country" rally, and the haze of counter-revolution began to take root in Guangzhou.
Li Jishen, who was far away in Guangzhou, also received these orders, and in order to be consistent with Chiang Kai-shek, he directly participated in the coup d'état, and 2,000 people of our party died at his hands.
Li Jishen reported to Chiang Kai-shek after **: "The Communists should 'invite out' the Kuomintang. It shouldn't be that way**. However, as a senior member of the Kuomintang, he was not able to stop Chiang Kai-shek's means, but this fully showed that he disagreed with Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek likes **, only those who listen to him can sit back and enjoy **Houlu, but Li Jishen is unwilling to be driven by others, and he is against the old Chiang Kai-shek in many policies, which makes Chiang Kai-shek a headache.
In 1929, when the Chiang-Gui War broke out, Li Jishen personally went to Nanjing to mediate, and even accused Chiang Kai-shek of his ** behavior in person. However, Chiang Kai-shek, because of Li Jishen's outspokenness, imprisoned him in Tangshan in Nanjing and expelled him from the party, a period of two years.
It was not until after the outbreak of the September 18 Incident that Chiang Kai-shek released Li Jishen under pressure from all sides and pretended to invite him to serve as a member of the Standing Committee of the Military Commission. However, Li Jishen saw Chiang Kai-shek's tricks clearly, and delivered a speech at the First Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, calling on everyone to learn from Feng Yuxiang's hard work, build integrity, change the fate of the country, eradicate the rule of the country, and defend democracy.
Li Jishen's "Anti-Chiang Anti-Japanese" Activities Li Jishen made a speech opposing Chiang's anti-Japanese resistance at a meeting, and then returned to the Guangdong base area, actively contacted his protégés and former officials, and made positive contributions to the development of the great cause of opposing Chiang.
He advocated the establishment of a separate ** and united with the Communist Party to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's ** rule. In 1933, the Japanese invading army captured Shanhaiguan and gradually invaded eastern Inner Mongolia and northern China, trying to establish a second puppet state of Manchukuo.
At this moment of national crisis, Chiang Kai-shek insisted on pursuing the policy of "settling the inside before attacking the outside", which was opposed by many patriotic generals, among whom Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai of the 19th Route Army were representatives.
They believed that only by uniting and resisting Japanese aggression could they defend the independence and dignity of the country. Against this background, Li Jishen began to change his stance from opposing the Communist Party to supporting the Communist Party.
Together with his old subordinate Chen Mingshu in Hong Kong, he prepared to launch an "uprising" in Fujian to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's ** rule and jointly resist Japanese aggression. As the old leader of the 19th Route Army, Chen Mingshu actively contacted Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai, and used Fujian as the site of the "uprising".
During the Fujian Incident, when Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, and Cai Tingkai were preparing for the coup, the Communist Party provided assistance. ** Issued the "Letter to the Soldiers of the White Army in Fujian and Guangdong" and the "Declaration to the Workers, Peasants and Toiling People of the World", expressing their willingness to cooperate with the Kuomintang army and jointly oppose Chiang Kai-shek.
This news led the Nineteenth Army to immediate action. On November 22, 1933, the People's Revolution of the Republic of China was established in Fuzhou, with Li Jishen as the chairman.
Since the original intention of the establishment of the regime was to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's resistance to Japan, it was supported by all sectors of society. However, the People's Revolution of the Republic of China was only a new regime adapted from the 19th Route Army, and its comprehensive strength was far from that of Chiang Kai-shek, coupled with the lack of a mass base, it was destined to be difficult to exert great influence.
On the second day of the "Fujian Incident", Chiang Kai-shek immediately launched a military suppression of the 19th Route Army, and the Kuomintang reactionaries mobilized 100,000 troops to Fujian.
Li Jishen had no choice but to contact the Red Army, hoping to obtain cooperation.
** Deeply aware of the importance of the 19th Route Army to the Red Army, if it can cooperate with the 19th Route Army, it can send the main force of the Red Army to the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui regions, directly take the hinterland of the Kuomintang, and force Chiang Kai-shek to transfer troops, so as to crush the enemy's encirclement and suppression plan, and at the same time support the anti-Chiang anti-Japanese 19th Route Army.
However, due to the fall of power at this time, this plan was ultimately not realized, and the 19th Route Army was forced into a desperate situation by Chiang Kai-shek. It was not until the 19th Route Army was on the verge of collapse that the Red Army was able to march into Fujian, but at this time the opportunity had been missed and irretrievable.
**Long sigh: "The Red Army lost its best chance to get out of the situation!" Seeing that the general trend had gone, the former "anti-Chiang fighters" scattered and fled, and Li Jishen reluctantly fled to Hong Kong for refuge.
Li Jishen supported the withdrawal of the Red Army at a critical moment, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** thanked him. Due to Li Jishen's opposition to the civil war, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to reinstate him as party membership and inaugurated him as president of the Senate, but Li Jishen was determined not to be bought by Chiang Lao, and he chose to stay in his hometown to fight against the Communist guerrillas.
The Southern Bureau also sent Di Chaobai to assist Li Jishen.
New copywriting content: Li Jishen is getting closer and closer to the Communist Party, and Chiang Kai-shek is worried that he will "defect", so he wrote a letter asking him to go to Chongqing to take office, but Li Jishen is not afraid, he said to Chiang Kai-shek: "I will not go to Chongqing until the people realize the democratic war of resistance." ”
Chiang Kai-shek was furious when he received the telegram, and he ordered Dai Li to send someone to assassinate Li Jishen. However, Li Jishen still insisted on carrying out the best work. In August 1945, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended, but Chiang Kai-shek wanted to implement military ** and control the whole country.
For this behavior of his, Li Jishen wrote a letter of ten thousand words, advising him to stop the civil war. However, Chiang Kai-shek did not listen to his advice and insisted on a civil war. In order to solve this problem, Li Jishen decided to go to Chongqing to attend the Second Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, but failed.
Fortunately, when he passed through Guangzhou, Di Chaobai told him ***'s idea: I hope that he and He Xiangning will work together to establish a democratic party and promote democratic politics.
Li Jishen was very much in favor of this idea, and long before Japan's surrender, he discussed the issue with He Xiangning, and named the party the Chinese Kuomintang Association for the Promotion of Democracy.
After receiving the support of ***, the establishment of the Association for the Promotion of Democracy is progressing smoothly. At the beginning of 1946, the Chinese Kuomintang Association for the Promotion of Democracy was formally established, and Li Jishen became the first chairman.
In June 1946, when the revolutionary situation suddenly became severe, Chiang Kai-shek tore through his camouflage and launched a civil war. Li Jishen went to Lushan to meet Chiang Kai-shek with the hope of preventing the civil war, but in the face of Chiang Kai-shek's determination, he could only leave a long letter and go to Shanghai, and then to Hong Kong.
On March 9, 1947, he issued his "Opinions on the Current Situation" in Hong Kong, pointing out: "Today's China has become so bad that it is out of control, and President Chiang should bear the main responsibility."
This article had a huge impact, because Chiang Kai-shek only liked obedient generals, so Li Jishen was expelled from the party for the third time. It now appears that Chiang Kai-shek's "permanent expulsion from the party" is as erratic as his regime.
In 1948, the main force of the Kuomintang was eliminated, and Li Jishen became the sweetheart of Li Zongren and the United States because of his seniority and influence. Regarding the co-optation of the reactionaries, Li Jishen resolutely refused: "The country must be reunified!" ”
Li Jishen, in 1948, in his late teens, for the sake of the future of the country and the nation, he resolutely established the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang in Hong Kong, with Soong Ching-ling as the honorary chairman and Li Jishen as the chairman, and repeatedly called on the people to unite and work together.
Li Jishen, who served as the chairman, and Prime Minister ***, although they had different political views, they had formed a deep friendship on the common road of saving the country and the people.
1948 was a critical period in Chinese history, in the face of Chiang Kai-shek's ** rule, the Chinese people bravely resisted, and the Communist People's Liberation Army also began a strategic offensive, preparing to hold a new political consultative conference and establish a new regime.
At this critical moment, Li Jishen actively responded to the call of the Communist Party of China and delivered a speech on "Unity and Nation-building", calling on compatriots across the country to unite and jointly build a better country.
However, as a result of Li Jishen's active actions, he attracted the attention of the Kuomintang reactionaries, who sent spies to monitor Li Jishen's movements. In order to protect Li Jishen's safety, he sent Pan Hannian to meet him and instructed him to take a Soviet steamer to ensure that Li Jishen could smoothly participate in the New Political Consultative Conference.
Li Jishen arrested his wife Deng Yingchao in the April 15 coup, causing Deng Yingchao to have a difficult birth and never became pregnant. He is deeply remorseful for his actions and is deeply grateful for ***'s forgiveness and attention.
With the help of Pan Hannian, he managed to escape from Hong Kong to Beiping, and was appointed vice chairman of **People** at the first CPPCC. Despite the controversy caused by past actions, *** believes that the past events cannot determine a person's present and future, as long as he chooses revolution now, he is progressive.
In July 1949, the Standing Committee of the Preparatory Committee of the New Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) took a collective commemorative photo in Zhongnanhai.