Miao medicine in the era of myths and legends is an early Miao medicine culture accumulated in three different periods of Jiuli Chiyou, Sanmiao and Jingman, also known as clan and tribal medicine culture.
Who invented Chinese Miao medicine? It is rumored that as early as more than 5,000 years ago, Emperor Yan Shennong's "cultivated and planted grains, trained birds and beasts, tasted herbs, and healed the nation" to create a splendid Chinese civilization.
Regarding the cultural background of "Shennong tastes a hundred herbs and pioneers medicine", some scholars believe that Shennong is not only the founder of Chinese medicine, but also the founder of Miao medicine. The primitive medical culture of the early myths and legends such as "Chiyou Chuan Divine Medicine", "Zhu Rong Chuan Massage and Strengthening Technique", "Miao Medicine Patriarch Miao Father", "Medicine King Chuan Medical Prescription" and other early myths and legends are the source of Miao medicine.
The Miao people have no writing in history, and their history and culture are inherited by Miao wizards, elders, and singers in poetry and ancient songs. Miao medicine culture is no exception.
Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty recorded in "Saying Garden, Distinguishing Things": "I heard that the ancient doctor was called Miao's father. Miao's father is also a doctor, with the camp as the seat, with the sword as the dog, and the north is blessed, and he sends ten words. Those who come with all the help, and those who come with it, are all calm as before. ”
And the "ancient doctors" mentioned in Liu Xiang's article are also "Miao doctors". In fact, many scholars also believe thatThe history of Miao medicine should be older than the documented Western Han Dynasty.
There are no weeds in Qiandi, and there are many elixirs in Yelang
After thousands of years of baptism, Miao medicine is still full of vitality today, and the most important reason is its unique pharmaceutical process and medication methods.
Seedling medicine is mainly fresh medicine
Seedling medicine is mainly fresh medicineSince most of the Miao people live in the vast mountainous areas, they have a unique natural medicine site, and fresh medicine can be taken locally without processing and storage.
The active ingredients in fresh medicine are not destroyed by the drying process, and the effect is often better than that of general dry medicine, so many seedling medicines are not processed and processed by drying and other fresh medicines. Many Miao families often transplant the seedlings that are not easy to collect at a time in front of the house and behind the house to form their own "small medicine garden".In order to be collected and used, this is one of the important characteristics of Miao medicine.
Miao medicine is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter
In some Miao areas, Miao doctors also pay great attention to the time of medication and the seasonality of medication, so Miao doctors have different seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Generally, flowers and leaves are picked in spring and summer, and stems and roots are picked in autumn and winter.
As sung in the Miao ballad: "In spring, use sharp leaves and summer flower branches, pick rhizomes in autumn and dig in winter, take more stem peel fruit from trees, shrubs can be used for whole plants, flowers and plants take flowers, herbaceous vines are harvested from all herbs, fibrous root plants are picked on the ground, and root plants are used for root heads." ”
The purpose is to take the best effective part of the drug according to the different seasons and the needs of the disease.
Treat one disease and one party
For the seedling medicine that is difficult to collect due to the influence of the season, or in order to facilitate the medical trip, some seedling medicine is also often processed by collection, washing, chopping, drying and other methods, and is preserved for later use.
While reusing fresh medicines, Miao medicine also uses some Miao medicine formulas to prepare necessary drugs before application according to their own clinical drug experience.
The drug is screened, crushed, cut, fried, decoction, vinegared, dispersed and pilled and other processing methods to reduce the toxicity of the drug and improve the medicinal properties.
In addition, Miao doctors advocate in the use of drugs".Cube briefly", "one party, one disease", "the right medicine",It is mainly based on a single prescription for treatment.