Pastel porcelainYesLate Kangxi period of the Qing DynastyA kind of ceramic, it is based onEnamel, multicoloredAs a model, other pigments are added to the glaze to give it a one-of-a-kind appearanceVivid and subduedof colors.
The pastel process involves drawing a sketch with ink on white porcelain that has been fired at high temperatures, and then filling the pattern with a layer of glass white that can be used as both a solvent and a white color.
Apply the color material to the glass white and passDraw, fill, wash, pick, blow, pointand other techniques, according to the depth of the color to adjust the color, so that the decoration has a heavy and thin layer.
Finally, in720 degrees - 750 degreesIt is fired at low temperatures. Because of the addition of powder substance, it is in coloringIt reverses the Chinese painting method and uses a lot of pigments, making its painting style closer to reality.
The Palace Museum, BeijingThe collection has a large collection of Qing court pastel porcelain, including:Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxuand other periods, and show the development trend of porcelain in different periods.
And in these works, againPastel paintings from the Yongzheng and Qianlong periodsfor the most.
In addition to this, there are many moreImitation of Yongzheng, red pastel painted works of the Qianlong period, the comparison between the two, can be more prominentPastel from the Yongzheng and Qianlong periodsfeatures:
InDuring the Qianlong periodDuring this period, pastel painting developed to the point of its heydayPastels are used in both official and private kilns, among which the delicate official kiln porcelain can be matched with the glaze.
Beijing No.1 MuseumThere are many kinds of Yongzheng pastel porcelain in the collection, mainly including bottles, bowls, plates and flowers, among which plates account for the majority.
"Peach blossom plum blossom camellia".The disc surface is a typical representative, caliber50 cm, large mouth, small abdomen, round, covered with a layer of bean green glaze.
There is a flower drawn from the foot on the outsideCamellia and plum blossoms, the branches pass through the mouth from the wall of the disc and extend to the inner wall and the bottom of the dish.
Decoration to:Light pink, brown, apricot yellow, coral redand so on, with two dark green rings written on it"During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty".The four big characters, the colors are bright and soft, and the depth of the pattern and the changes of yin and yang are reflected.
Pink tea plum from the Qianlong periodThe structure is loose, the colors are bright, but it is elegant, the picture is meticulous, lifelike, and there is a kind of sketch charm.
withTrees painted in ochre ink, curvy, very natural application,The plum blossoms are large and round, and the petals are dotted with a bright yellow flower, red and green are intertwined, and the color is particularly beautiful
The big red flower and the small red flower complement each other, and it looks very elegant, this kind"Over the branches".How to draw, inQianlong periodis very common in pastel paintings.
In the ** period, there were also some utensils similar to the pattern plate of the branch flowers.
For example,Pastel peach pattern plateHigh 38, it has a large mouth and a small belly, with only a round ring on which the pattern is white, and a zigzag peach blossom is drawn.
Its branches also start from the wall of the plate and extend to the inner wall and the bottom of the plate, and the patterns on it are pale pink, brown, apricot yellow, etc.
Use two on the outsideDark green ringsWritten"Made during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty".The two small seals, this plate is an imitationYongzheng periodThe pink over-branch flower method only painted a peach blossom.
The only difference is that this painting is not as ethereal as Qianlong, and the colors are not so bright.
The peach blossom is based on pale pink, supplemented by two colors, dark and light green, and the hue between the two is not distinct.
Overall, it just highlights a pink flower, lacking an elegant, soft feel.
Kiln inscription from the Qianlong periodThere are specialized authors, and the font is much the same.
The block letters of blue and whiteIt is a two-line and three-line calligraphy, the font is weak, slightly scribbled, there is no discipline, only a few words are strokes.
On this piece of pastel porcelain, it is more common"During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty".Two lines of six characters, and in the form of regular script written a blue and white double ring seal of the official kiln.
The word "positive".
The first, fourth and fifth strokes are all flat and positive, which is a kind of Yongzheng positive block of the official kiln model.
Pink tea plum pattern, written with two rings on the plate"Yongzheng Year of the Great Qing Dynasty".The two seals are pure in color.
This pink peach is a replicaYongzheng period, which is written in two seals"Yongzheng Year of the Great Qing Dynasty".
His signature is two rings, no"Emperor Yongzheng".The style is beautiful, vigorous and powerful, and the color is not bright."
This painting from the Qianlong periodPink chrysanthemum patternHe has shown a high attainment in paintingIts outline is delicate, the coloring is realistic, lifelike, and full of a strong breath of life.
This pastel flower pot, on the outer wall of the pot toRed and yellowTwo blooming chrysanthemums are drawn respectively, and their petals are peony-shaped, with a stronger sense of hierarchy and fuller flower color.
In addition, there are two white petunias opposite to **, one open, one white and one yellow.
A bud is about to bloom, two pieces of blue are embellished among them, and the pink and yellow chrysanthemum petals contrast sharply with the white morning glory, making the whole picture look more elegant.
It's onePass height 45. White glaze color printing box with a diameter of 9 cmThere is a round hole in the box, which depicts a small animal growing on a stone and a small bird.
Printed on the bottom"Yongzheng year system".Four large seals, in the shape of blue and white, in the boxFour large seals.
At the bottom of these two chrysanthemums, the petals are pale yellow, while at the top, they gradually turn pale pink.
It is no longer a chrysanthemum in the Yongzheng period, but more slender and slender, not so plump, the layering of the petals is not very obvious, and the whole flower is scattered.
In addition, there are some bright red chrysanthemums, the flowers are very small, the painting is very rough, and the layering is not obvious, although the flowers and leaves are one yin and one yangBut it's too big and it's jarring.
There is no ethereal, three-dimensional feel to the whole work.
InPastel porcelain from the Yongzheng periodMedium, very fewGorgeousThe vessels are pure and elegant, full of themDoctorsThe warm temperament.
Among the multitudeFlower and bird paintingOutside,Yongzheng pastel paintingCharacter drawingIt is also very distinctive.
For example, one piece from the museum's collectionPastel pattern vaseMost of the pastel paintings in the Qianlong period were mainly elegant and pleasant, focusing on the depiction of details.
In terms of painting techniques, realism is the mainstay, the decoration is neat and meticulous, the layers are clear, the brushstrokes are natural and smooth, and the delicate can be done"Flowers have dew, butterflies have fluff".
In addition, there is a similar one"Jingyuan Hall".imitations.
"Jingyuan Hall".For the AkitoXu ShichangThe inscription of the hall is imitated by the style of paintingYongzheng periodof the exquisite pastel paintings.
"Jingyuan Hall".Pastel painted birds,High 256, caliber 3, bottom diameter 69 cm, small mouth, long neck, broad shoulders, round abdomen, round base. The outside is framed in red"Jingyuan Hall".Two big words.
The whole body is covered with white glass, and the edges are painted in gold.
All overPink pheasant and peony patternMainly, the pattern is sparse and dense, and the drawing is relatively fine.
The stone walls are outlined in ink and painted with pale blue paint.
The peony painted white flowers with red paint.
Pheasants come alive in a variety of colors such as blue, red, yellow, and brown ink.
This bottle is arguably the finest replica of porcelain from the Ming Dynasty.
In general, Yongzheng's pastels have always been known for their elegance, petite and exquisite, rich in color, bright and soft, rich, with strong powder, fresh and beautiful.
In one kind of vessel, there isMore than twenty different colors, evenDifferent yin and yang qi can be expressed through hues.
Based on the traditional theme, the patterns such as entwined flower patterns, flower and bird patterns, character patterns, and landscape patterns prevail, making it have strong connotation and three-dimensional sense.
In the book "Tao Ya".He once praised "Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty as the most, rare in ancient and modern times, and brilliant".
Pastel porcelain from the Qianlong periodIt occupies a considerable proportion in porcelain, and the number of its works is large.
There are also many pastel porcelains from the Qianlong period in our museum, including bowls, bottles, plates, cups, screens, boxes, hooks, incense burners, figures, pots, etc.
Pastel porcelain from the Qianlong periodis fromPorcelain from the Yongzheng periodIn the inheritance, a loose and ornate pattern is painted on the white glaze.
There is one pieceThree-fruit vaseand it is high28.8 cm, caliber 73 cm, bottom diameter 82 cm vase.
The mouth of the bottle has a flower and a cross motifThere is a pink pomegranate, peach, and a bergamot pattern throughout, and a lotus flower at the feet.
On the dark green upper, three lines of red seals are engraved with the words"Qianlong Year".Three big words.
"Sanduo" symbolizes "many sons, more blessings and more longevity", Sanduo decoration in the Qianlong period is more common, large peaches, filled with hooks and colors, color changes shades, strong sense of hierarchy.
The shape of the pomegranate is more exaggerated, the cracks are relatively large, and the seeds are transparentThe leaves are slender, the tips are slightly curled, and the flowers are lush or green, with good layering.
In addition to painting on white glaze, pastels from the Qianlong period were also painted on colored grounds.
Since Qianlong, all dynasties have appeared in the ** period, for example, the porcelain of the Qianlong periodHeight 22 cm, caliber 62 cm 。
The neck is decorated with a blue curly grass patternThe shoulders are painted with a blue wishful moireThe whole body is painted with lotus patterns on a pale yellow ground, the lotus flowers either bloom or wither or contain flower buds, and the petals and stamens take advantage of the gradient of color to show the layers.
Paint the leaves and stems in ochre, dark green or light green.
Below are three lines of red seals, written with the four big characters of "Qianlong Year".
The inside and bottom of the bottle are made of blue and white porcelain, with a meticulous layout and complex patterns.
The pattern and color of this bottle are all imitations of Qianlong pastel, but it is not as gorgeous and wonderful as Qianlong pastel.
In the pastel paintings of the Qianlong period, some of them used "bright lanterns".
For example,The pink chicken bowl cup is 7 high and 7 in diameter9. The bottom diameter is 4 cm.
On the wall outside, a picture of a child playing with a hen is painted, and next to it is a stone and a peony flowerThe child is lifelike, the hen and the four chicks are playing in it, and the picture is beautiful.
On one side is a poem inscribed by Emperor Qianlong, one hundred and thirty or two words, with three lines printed on the bottom"Qianlong Imperial System of the Qing Dynasty".The blue flower seal. The colors are bright, the compositions are lifelike, and the ink is splashed.
PeriodThere are many pastel openers imitating the Qianlong period. For example, the flower-shaped flower bird of Kaiguang pink,High 145 cm, diameter 3 cm, bottom diameter 7 cm.
It has a flat mouth, a thick neck, slanted shoulders, a straight belly, and round feet.
The mouth and the aperture are painted with gold, the mouth and bottom of the bottle are decorated with red ribbons and green flowers, and the flowers and birds of bamboo and stone are painted in four colors: red, yellow, black and brown.
To the left of the aperture, it is also written"Happiness is naturally prosperous, and living in peace is hidden".These two words, there is also a red font next to them.
On the yellow ground outside, colorful lotus flowers are painted, which perfectly blends paintings, colors, and poems to complement each other, and the cover is written in block letters"Qianlong Year System".Four big words.
Pastel sculptures from the Qianlong period in the collection of the Shoubo MuseumThere are also a lot, there are children Guanyin, there are rappers, there are two people playing drums, and there are women holding Ganoderma lucidum.
There are women carrying baskets, and there are men and women in operas, these are all lifelike images, the most exquisite is the height of 287, bottom 21A 5 cm pink statue of Kannon Buddha.
The statue has a high bun and a statue of Amitabha Buddha in front of the bun, yesOne of the main symbols of Guanyin Bodhisattva, representing her status and a symbol of her as Guanyin Bodhisattva.
The appearance is majestic, the eyes, nose, nose and heart are viewed, giving people a kind and amiable feeling. Two large ears hung over the shoulders and earrings in the ears.
He sat cross-legged, his head tilted slightly to the right, his hands sealed in front of him, and each lotus flower bloomed in his hands.
She wore a naked upper body, with a piece of goatskin hanging from her shoulders to her right, a red robe on her lower body, a golden belt tied around her waist, and a string of necklaces, bracelets, anklets, and so on.
The overall shape is atmospheric, graceful, the porcelain is delicate, crystal clear, the color is bright, and it has the characteristics of the Qianlong imperial statue. At the bottom of the throne, there is a seal.
During the Qianlong period, the output of pastel porcelain was very high, the shape was also very complex, a large number of new varieties appeared, and the volume became larger and larger, and the color became more and more gorgeous, reaching a new height.
In the painting, piping and lighting, inscriptions, colored ground painting and painting are used"Green in the green".and other new decoration techniques.
In terms of pattern decoration, it must be designed according to the emperor's will or the pattern sent by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and it cannot be modified in any way.
It can be widely used in pattern decorationEntangled branch treasure phase flower, lotus pattern, eight treasures, batsetc,It has a joyful, peaceful meaning and can show a prosperous scene.
In general,From the Kangxi period to Yongzheng, the Qianlong period reached its peakDuring this period, different pastel techniques and expressions were constantly enriched.
From a single stroke to the same color, the light and shade of yin and yang can also be expressed through the change of shades, making the pattern more natural and vivid.
The famous pastel porcelain of various techniques in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods is also a model for the porcelain industry to imitate in later generations and even in the current world.
Therefore, the pastel porcelain of the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods occupies a very prominent position in the history of Chinese ceramics.