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The Analects is one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius's ** and his re-transmission**. It is mainly based on quotations and dialogues, records Confucius and his words and deeds, and embodies Confucius's political ideas, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. Together with "University", "The Mean", "Mencius", "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Book of Changes" and "Spring and Autumn", it is called "Four Books and Five Classics".
The Analects contains a profound traditional culture, from which I have learned a lot, and I will talk about my feelings about the Analects:
1. Zi said: "If you learn without thinking, you will be reckless, and if you think without learning, you will die." ”
Meaning: Confucius said: If you study without thinking, you will be confused and gain nothing; Thinking without learning is not relevant and confused.
Confucius's view is very clear, learning is inseparable from thinking, and thinking cannot be separated from learning, the two complement each other and are indispensable, which is the most basic method of learning. In the process of learning, if you only know the knowledge you have learned by rote and do not think about it, then what you have learned will not be meaningful. Second, if you can't think about the truth of what you have learned, you won't be able to apply it to your daily life. All those who talk on paper are made by learning without thinking. After learning, only through thinking, can you integrate multiple knowledge points, gain insight into the internal connection of things, and form your own unique opinions. Only in this way can we apply knowledge to practice and achieve the purpose of applying what we have learned.
It's not okay to just learn without thinking, and it's not okay to just think without learning. Thinking is a kind of ability, and the cultivation of this ability is inseparable from knowledge, and knowledge needs to be used as the object of thinking. If you don't accumulate enough knowledge, you just blindly meditate and think about it, not only will you not get any results. This kind of utopian fantasy without a certain knowledge as a foundation is like water without a source and a tree without roots. However, thinking must also be based on existing knowledge and experience in order to gain something.
Second, Zi said: "Reviewing the old and learning the new can be a teacher." ”
Meaning: By reviewing old knowledge, you can gain a new understanding and experience of new knowledge, and by virtue of this, you can become a teacher.
This sentence emphasizes that new knowledge and learning are often developed on the basis of what has been learned in the past. First of all, it refers to the acquisition of new insights by reviewing what you have already learned or mastered. Secondly, the dual process of reviewing the stories of the canon and striving to acquire new knowledge at the same time is emphasized. Third, as individuals gain more experience and understanding, they can appreciate more when they look back at what they have learned before. Finally, this concept can also be understood as the ability to anticipate and solve future problems by looking back at history.
"Reviewing the past and learning the new" is considered to be an important contribution of Confucius to Chinese pedagogy. He believes that by constantly reviewing what they have learned, people can acquire new knowledge. This method of learning was not only valuable in ancient times, but it is still adaptable in today's society. New knowledge and learning are often developed on the basis of what has been learned in the past.
3. Zi said: "If you are not angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, and if you don't take three corners to reverse, you will not recover." ”
Meaning: Confucius said: "Teach a student, and do not enlighten him until he is still unable to understand it after pondering and pondering; When he wants to say it but can't, don't enlighten him. Point out one aspect to him, and if he can't deduce the other three, he won't be taught anymore. ”
In this sentence, Confucius talked about both teaching methods and learning methods. The main reason is that educators should stimulate students' ability to think actively, so that the educated can open up their lively hearts, vivid wisdom, and be able to think independently. This is a typical "heuristic" teaching idea. He opposed the "cramming" approach to mechanical teaching. Students are required to be able to "draw inferences from one example", which is in line with the basic laws of teaching.
Fourth, Zi said: "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality." Polite, then gentlemanly. ”
Meaning: Confucius said: "If there is more simplicity than literature, it will inevitably appear rude, and if literature exceeds simplicity, it will inevitably be vain, and only when literature and simplicity are perfectly combined can you become a gentleman."
This is the famous saying of Confucius. It highly summarizes the rational complementarity between literature and quality and the personality model of a gentleman. Literature and quality are opposites.
1. Complement each other. The unprocessed rustic is earthy and earthy, but it tends to appear rough. The acquired ornaments, although gorgeous and considerable, are easy to be vain.
Simplicity and literary style is the relationship between content and form, which is equally important, and only by cultivating both literature and quality can you become a qualified gentleman. After more than 2,000 years of historical practice, Confucius's literary and qualitative ideas have become the most vivid portrayal of the image of the Chinese "gentleman" and have had a profound impact on future generations.
Fifth, Zi said: "If you are a threesome, you must have my teacher." Choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good. ”
Meaning: Confucius said, "When three people go together, one of them must be a teacher worthy of my learning." I choose his strengths and learn from them, and if I find his shortcomings, I take them as a warning and correct them. ”
This extremely famous sentence of Confucius has become the motto of people with lofty ideals and studious people throughout the ages. Anyone who has a little specialty, he thinks that there is something to learn from. Even if there is a mistake, he also thinks that it can be used as a negative teaching material to see if his words and deeds have the same shortcomings. He likes to learn from others and always feels that his knowledge is not enough.
The reason for this sentence is very simple, that is, for scholars to be humble and studious, but it is not easy to do. Because people are often self-righteous, vanity and arrogance are inevitable. The reason why Confucius became a great thinker and educator is inseparable from this spirit of modesty and studiousness. To be able to learn from others with an open mind, this spirit is already very valuable, and what is even more valuable is that we should not only learn from the goodness of others, but also learn from the shortcomings of others, which is an ordinary and great truth, which is beneficial to guiding us to treat others in the world, cultivate self-cultivation, and increase knowledge.
Sixth, Zi said: "See the virtuous and think together, see the unvirtuous and introspect." ”
Confucius said, "When you see a sage, you should think of being on par with him; When you see an unvirtuous person, you should reflect on whether you have similar problems. ”
Self-reflection is a method of moral cultivation, and frequent self-reflection can remove distractions in your heart, look at yourself rationally, quickly change your shortcomings, and improve your moral realm. Confucius also proposed the cultivation method of "seeing the virtuous and thinking together, and seeing the unvirtuous and introspecting within", which is to illustrate the important role of self-examination in the process of improving one's personality and learning, and improving one's moral cultivation.
In a person's life, what matters is not what great deeds you can do, but whether you can overcome yourself. To overcome oneself is to promote the growth of the power of goodness in one's heart, to get rid of the bad thoughts in one's heart, and to shape and rebuild one's personality, and to achieve this, it is impossible to do without self-examination.
The Analects is the condensation of morality and wisdom, the convergence of Chinese civilization, a teacher who teaches us the truth of how to behave in the world, and a ladder that leads us to progress. In short, Confucius's thought is broad and profound, and we need to continue to study and learn.
Liu Yawei).