Once upon a time, the Three Kingdoms were established, and in this turbulent era, there was one country that attracted attention - that was Shu Han. Liu Bei relied on Zhuge Liang's advice, gained a foothold in Jingzhou, obtained Yizhou, and finally established his own power in the White Emperor City after the Spring and Autumn Period. It can be said that without Zhuge Liang's assistance, there would be no later Shu Han.
History, however, is often full of irony. When this entrepreneurial country began to decline after Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang died successively. During the reign of Liu Chan, the queen of Shu, it not only continued to shrink in terms of national strength and territory, but finally could not keep Chengdu before the offensive of the Wei army under the leadership of Deng Ai, and died without a fight.
So the question is, how did the powerful Shu Han finally go to ruin?Could it be that Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang's hard work was so in vain?The situation is changing, and the reason for the fall of Shu Han does not seem to be simple. And when we delve deeper into history, the revelations contained in it may be beyond our imagination.
The shadow of childhood
In 197 AD, shortly after the Battle of Wancheng, Liu Bei's eldest son, Liu Chan, was born. But this child's life was not satisfactory at the beginning, and it can even be said to be very miserable.
Soon after he was born, Cao Cao's army came to attack, and Liu Bei was besieged at Changbanpo. When the situation was critical, Zhao Yun hugged Liu Chan to break through. The process of fighting all the way out of the encirclement can be said to be hanging by a thread. Fortunately, Zhao Yun handed over Liu Chan to Liu Bei intact. In order to thank Zhao Yun, Liu Bei originally wanted to fall to death Liu Chan to express his concern, but fortunately he was finally blocked by Zhao Yun.
Such a life-and-death scene will undoubtedly leave a shadow on a baby's psyche. The cowardice and incompetence of Liu Chan's character in the future may stem from this terrible childhood memory.
Father's favoritism and misunderstanding
Liu Bei doted on Liu Chan very much, and named him "Zen" in the hope that he could inherit his career in peace, which also put Liu Chan under great pressure. However, Liu Bei did not give Liu Chan much care, but always treated him as a child and did not let him participate in politics too much.
This made Liu Chan live under his father's aura all the time, and he had neither the understanding of his father nor the opportunity to actually exercise himself. It wasn't until Liu Bei died that Liu Chan realized that he was unable to take on this heavy responsibility. Although Zhuge Liang was on his side, his own cowardice and incompetence had planted the seeds of the decline of Shu Han.
The lack of education leads to stupidity
According to the records of the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", Liu Chan was "less intelligent, older and weaker". When he was very young, he showed a smart side, but unfortunately Liu Bei didn't regard him as a ** person to cultivate. When he grows up, his talents are wasted and he becomes stupid.
If Zhao Yun saved him from fire and water and made him realize the preciousness of life, then the lack of his father's teaching and care also made him lose his courage and determination in his growth. Liu Bei's preference and misunderstanding invisibly became the "culprit" of the fall of Shu in the future.
After taking power, he lost all his courage
As early as when Liu Bei was still alive, Zhuge Liang had already begun to participate in court politics. It can be said that with him taking care of internal affairs and using troops externally, Liu Bei has time to fight everywhere. However, after Liu Bei died and the power fell into the hands of Zhuge Liang, he began to show caution in decision-making.
He did not dare to raise troops for the Northern Expedition easily, for fear of attracting a retaliatory attack by the Wei army. So within five years, Zhuge Liang spent almost all his time and energy on internal affairs construction. After the country was running normally, he began to plan the Northern Expedition. However, at this moment, the best time for the Northern Expedition has been missed. The fall of power made Zhuge Liang lose his past strategy and courage, which undoubtedly laid a hidden danger for the fall of Shu in the future.
The Northern Expedition continued to consume national strength year after year
After Zhuge Liang came to power, he began his lifelong dream - the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains. However, failure after failure undoubtedly consumed a lot of national strength of Shu Han. Wei Yan had suggested that Zhuge Liang make a surprise attack on Chang'an from the Meridian Valley, but was refused. If it had been adopted at that time, perhaps Shu Han would have successfully gone on the Northern Expedition and rewritten history.
According to records, after each failure of the Northern Expedition, the soldiers would suffer a large number of casualties and run out of food and grass. After the envoy of Eastern Wu saw the soldiers and civilians of Shu Han, he exclaimed, "Lu Qiye, the people have vegetables, enter the dynasty, and do not listen to the advice." It can be seen that the successive years of the Northern Expedition have overwhelmed the national strength of Shu Han.
The controversy over the Zen concession intensified the civil strife
Before Zhuge Liang died, he gave Jiang Wei and Fei Yi to him. In terms of qualifications, Jiang Wei is young, but his military merits are greater, while Fei Yi's official position is higher. This makes both men think they are qualified**. After Zhuge Liang's death, the two began a power struggle, and even a coup d'état.
This dispute over Chan concession directly led to the chaos in the Shu Han dynasty. And the successive civil strife has undoubtedly weakened the border guards. In the end, Deng Ai was able to enter Shu from the Mianzhu Trail, defeated the Shu army all the way, and arrived in Chengdu. It can be said that civil strife was one of the important reasons for the fall of Shu Han.
Liu Chan does not learn and has no skills
After Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne. However, due to his lack of education and training, he was neither as good at employing people as his father, nor did he have the ability to govern the country. He indulged in alcohol all day long, and even had an affair with the palace maid. After the death of Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, he allowed traitorous ministers to take charge, and the government became increasingly corrupt.
It is said that when Deng Ai came to attack, Liu Chan was having fun in the harem. Even if the army fell one after another, he did not pay a blind eye. Finally, Deng Ai's soldiers approached the city, and Liu Chan panicked and surrendered to him in a hurry. It can be seen that he has not really done anything practical for Shu Han in his life.
Dereliction of duty led to the destruction of the country
At the beginning of Liu Chan's succession, Zhuge Liang assisted him wholeheartedly, and even "moved the small bed in front of Weiyang". He hoped that Liu Chan would be able to cheer up, but Liu Chan not only did not improve, but became more and more lazy. When Zhuge Liang died, he began to use people inappropriately, which eventually led to the fall of Shu Han.
If Zhuge Liang's excessive use of troops caused the weakening of national strength, then Liu Chan's incompetence also determined that this big ship would be powerless to return to the sky even if it was shipwrecked. It can be seen that Liu Chan is to blame for the fall of Shu Han. He is sorry for the hard work of his ancestors, and he has also failed to live up to the expectations of all people.
The wheels of history are rolling forward, and even a generation of heroes and think tanks such as Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang cannot escape the will of God. Perhaps, from Liu Chan's tragic childhood, the fall of Shu Han has been foreshadowed. Later generations sighed at the twists and turns of this history, and they couldn't help but sigh at the impermanence of life.
However, as the ancients said: success is also Xiao He, defeat is also Xiao He. Shu Han almost rose because of Zhuge Liang and Liu Chan, and also died from them. This reflects the importance of human beings and warns us not to underestimate the role of a person.
History cannot be assumed. But if Liu Bei attaches importance to Liu Chan's education, let him participate in politics as soon as possible;If Zhuge Liang is resourceful and does not use troops for many years;Or if Liu Chan has a talent, will he lead Shu Han to a different situation?This may become a regret of history.