Qin Shi Huang, the most controversial emperor in history, whether it is merit or life experience.
The Qin Dynasty proved that relying solely on the rule of law could not last long. In "Reading through the Commentary", Wang Fuzhi pointed out that "the denser the law, the heavier the power of officials; The more the death penalty is more complicated, the more bribery is more common; Paint to avoid sin, and the power of the Son of Heaven is upside down in history. That is to say, the more detailed the law is, the greater the power of the grassroots officials; The more detailed the death penalty provisions, the more frequently the grassroots officials will receive bribes, resulting in the dispersion of power to the bottom. This also has some reference value for the way we govern today.
In terms of governance mechanism, the Qin Dynasty established a three-level governance of "** county - county", and at present, we are a "** province-city-county-town" five-level governance system, through comparison, we can intuitively feel the administrative efficiency. Qian Mu also mentioned the evolution of similar administrative mechanisms in "China's Political Gains and Losses in the Past Dynasties", the Eastern Han Dynasty implemented "** state-county-county", the Tang Dynasty implemented "** province-province-government-county" five-level governance system, the overall trend is to increase the administrative level, and the local control is more and more detailed.
At the village level, in ancient times, it was basically self-government, and there were pavilion chiefs to manage, such as Liu Bang as the chief of the Surabaya pavilion, and some clans with strong power were managed by the family, such as the establishment of patriarchs, and some elected village sages to govern. But there are exceptions, such as the Qin Dynasty's system of joint sitting, where five families are in the same family, and ten families are in charge, supervising each other; During the Ming Dynasty, every ten households were classified as one Jia, and every one hundred and ten households were classified as one li, and everyone seemed to live in a cage like a net. Being able to control everyone is the ideal of the ruling class and the trend of social development. If everyone can be controlled well, social order and stability will be greatly improved, but from the perspective of the masses, personal freedom will be greatly restricted. At present, thanks to the abundance of county-level finances, we tend to be meticulous in the management of the village level, we are gradually turning the village level into a first-level administrative body, and have achieved the overall payment of wages to the village-level cadres. However, we also need to control people.
These are some immature records of the recent reading of the "Reading through the Commentary", which need to be systematically sorted out.