The Northern Song Dynasty is oneEmphasis on literature over forceof dynasties, even enacted the punishment of literati not to be beheaded. Therefore, at this time, the status of the scholarly literati class was extremely high and unprecedented. And its economy is also very developed, "cangli solid, and know etiquette", so this also promotes its cultural market is extremely prosperous. Song CiIt is a representative of the literary achievements of the Song Dynasty, and a large number of literary heroes such as Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Li Qingzhao and so on emerged throughout the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty. The words, most of which are gentle and elegant, have subtle connotations, so their genres are more suitable for expressionFeminine emotion。The words are full of feminine utensils, feminine artistic conceptions, and make them full of feminine essence.
In "Words in the World", Wang Guowei wrote, "The word title is wonderful and easy to cultivate, the meaning of the poem is wide, and the word is long". Words can show the realm that poetry cannot reach, express the intention that it cannot express, and have a long aftertaste. The so-called feminine characteristics generally refer to the content of the textFemale imageRelate; Take care of women's delicate feelings or take women's feelingsPerspectivelook at the scenery; With feminine delicateToneto explain the frustration of life, feeling the sorrow of parting. to the femaleWay of thinking, revealing a sense of poignancy and sorrow.
1.Character determines the style of writing
Since ancient times, there have been many literati, and the emperor has always been a lonely family. "Since Qu Yuan's original work became a divorce, the ancients called the reader"Literati".。The meaning is obvious, that is, they are full of wealth, but they have a lot of feelings. Literati since ancient times areSensual, fragile.
Mr. Lu Xun once said that "Chinese people are full of feminine thoughts in their bones", a word that can highly summarize the inner world of the ancients, whether it is logical analysis or way of thinking"Feminine".It's everywhere. The Song Dynasty was also a dynasty that valued literati, which allowed poets to speak freely, and if they were not angry, they would use ancestral femininity to express their emotions.
2.Caused by the general environment
Since the late Tang Dynasty, the Central Plains has been ravaged by war, first with the Tibetan army, then the Huangchao Uprising, and then with the warlord melee that was divided up. After entering the Northern Song Dynasty, the country performed in foreign policyWeak and incompetent, step by step, retreat, the enemy country is pressing step by step.
If the Song Dynasty is compared to an adult male, then the literati and ink writers are his wives. Seeing her husband being bullied outside, the wife couldn't do anything about it"Singing with songs".。And this kind of the Song DynastyWeak, which directly caused the entire social environment to be sluggish.
"History of the Song Dynasty" once said that "the people are soft, not good at martial arts", except for the style of words, the society as a whole is feminineDelicate and introverted, sensitive and suspiciousFeatures. The lyricist is naturally influenced by the social atmosphere, and his creative techniques have also integrated his own delicate female emotions. Moreover, most of the rulers of the Song Dynasty also loved literature and art, such as the "thin gold body" founded by Huizong of the Song Dynasty, whose soft form is a typical feminine style.
The economy of the Northern Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly developed, which causedExtravagancePrevailing, and the word is mostly used for feasting with courtesans, so it is natural to prefer to express their hearts for them in order to win their favor. For example, Liu Yong, he often lingered in Zhangtai, so he was a representative of the feminine style, and hundreds of Qinglou women sent him after his death.
And the Song Dynasty was inGender relationsIt is extremely open-minded, and it is recorded in the "Qingpo Magazine" that Japanese women meet men of the Song Dynasty and spend Spring Festival with them so that they can improve their race. It is this open and uninhibited environment that makes the vassal and elegant lyricists more able to understand the psychology of women, and also makes the lyrics for women irrepressible.
In the whole Song Ci", a total of more than 20,000 Song poems were writtenMale and femaleThere are two thousand six hundred and eight songsGirlfriend grievancesThere are 1,740 songs. It can be seen that feminine words occupy a high proportion in the entire Song Dynasty. The lyricists write brilliantly, bringing women's grievances, forms, lifestyles, and their own admiration to life. Of course, there is no shortage of Qu Yuan's pursuits"Vanilla, beauty".political yearning.
1.Delicate expression of emotion
The feminine creative technique made Song Ci born".Graceful".。As the name suggests, it is his work, which expresses his intention with delicate and full emotions. For example, Yan Jidao, his representative work "Linjiang Immortals, Dream of the Tower's High Lock" is a complete delicate feminine style.
After the dream, the stairs are locked, and the curtain hangs low when you wake up. When the spring hatred came last year, the falling flowers were independent, and the swifts flew together. I remember the first time I saw Xiao Apple, and the two hearts were Luo Yi. The pipa strings say that acacia, when the bright moon was there, and the clouds returned. This poem was written by Yan several drunken people, and it sets off emotions by describing the scenery. The first part shows off her helplessness through the lonely scene, and the next part writes about the scene of her holding the pipa when she first met Xiao Apple.
This is written by Yan Jidao for the singer Xiaoping, and the whole words express the author's right as a womanLoveSincere emotion, compared with the rest of his works describing singers, this word has a more unique charm. All the scenes are full of sadness, and the beauty of the past seems to be close at hand, but it is elusive.
Throughout the Song Dynasty, it is full of sad words that make people feel nostalgic such as resentment and admiration, crying and complaining, and weeping and rippling. But it is precisely because of the emotional reality that it can often be shapedFamous quatrains。The delicacy of the lyricist's heart causes them to unconsciously develop in the direction of femininity. It's just that the ancients put too much pressure on the seven-foot man, and even if there are all kinds of grievances in his heart, he can't release them. Fortunately, in the Song Dynasty, society finally ushered in its open and tolerant male side. These poems, soaked with the tears of the lyricist, all show their feminine tone andEmotional outpouring
2.Vaguely express the man's son's ambition
Received by Liu Yong and others in the early Song Dynasty"Glamorous words".Most of the lyricists from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty were also full of sadness and sadness. That's exactly what it is"The sad man of the ancients"., for example, Lu You's poems are full of patriotism. However, after living in seclusion in his later years, he picked up feminine creative characteristics.
For example, the famous "Tour of Shanxi Village", famous"There is no way out of the mountains and rivers, and the willows and flowers are bright and another village".It is from this poem. He looks at everything in the world with delicate feminine feelings, expressing his love for life and expectations for the future. This was written after the defeat of the Northern Song Dynasty, and his allusion to the hope of recovering the lost territory became a motto to inspire future generations of disappointed people.
In "Two Songs of Shen Yuan", the slanting sun is dim, and the sad and sad atmosphere of the painting corner is rendered, which makes people feel sad after reading. Then it led to the sad mood of things and people, and expressed his deep mourning and remembrance for his deceased wife with affection, which was ancientThe peak of love poetry。With Su Shi's"Ten years of life and death, without thinking, unforgettable".It's the same thing.
Song Ci inherited the essence of Tang poetry culture and developed on this basis. Since then, it has been compared with it, so much so that now when we mention the Tang and Song Dynasties, we first think of it"Tang Poetry and Song Ci".。Song Ci has become the symbol and symbol of the Song Dynasty. The "vulgar and sincere" formed in the early Song Dynasty had a great impact on the continued prosperity of later generations.
1.Founder of the Graceful School
Liu Yong, formerly known as Liu Sanchang, also made the Song Dynasty poetry a change, and had a great influence on Su Shi, Lu You, Xin Qiji and others. Liu Yong was a pure man, and the emperor ordered him to write lyrics specifically and the Qinglou woman was a die-hard fan of him. Even after their deaths, they paid for funerals.
Yoo Yong's words to this dayMixed reviews, but although it is a vulgar word, it is sincere, otherwise it would not be able to attract many female fans. This is naturally because he writes about the psychology of women in their hearts. He wrote in "Crane Rushing to the Sky": "Patience changed the floating name to a shallow low singing". When the emperor heard this, he cut his official title and told him to "fill in the words". Since then, Liu Yong has boasted of himself"Ordered to fill in the words and willow three changes".
Although Liu Yong's lyrics are slightly vulgar, his melody is cheerful and bright, and it has a very high singing quality, which was loved by the people of the world at that time and recited to each other. Catered toThe people at the bottomso it was shameful at the time. But despite its superficiality, the subtlety of its deep emotions is unparalleled.
It is precisely because Liu Yong has a deep understanding of the lives of the singers that he understands their inner feelings better. The words are full of passion and infatuation, telling their desires in a feminine voice, and showing the sincere and warm emotions between them. He inaugurated the Song Dynasty"Market Literature".and set a precedent for later literary forms.
Yuefu Yu Lun" once commented on Liu Yong's "Movement" and said that Liu Yong's wordsThe tune is euphemistic, full of market slang, but tall enough to overwhelm all the people of the time. Liu Yong's graceful school laid a solid foundation for the development of feminine lyrics in later generations. himEmpathize with womenand know what they need.
2.Yan Yuanxian
Yan Shu entered the company at the age of fourteen, and his father is also the best all the way, which can be described as suchThe boy has ambition。Most of the women he came into contact with wereNoble woman, so when he and Liu Yong met as recorded in "Mian Manlu", he somewhat despised this stream. Most of the female images in his pen are bright and bright-eyed, with affection.
For example, in "Jade Mansion Spring", he created a woman's state of mind to describe the pain of missing her husband. Through depictionsResentmentIt implicitly expresses the author's own feelings about his short life. It can be seen that parting is like a caliper, the more sincere the relationship between the two, the stronger the longing at the time of parting. If you want to create something world-famous, you have to be fully immersed in it. Move yourself first, and then move others.
Yan Shu's words are fresh, although they are rich but not vulgar, they are glamorous but not provocative. When shaping the scene, pay great attention toEmotional integration, in the farewell of the daughter-in-law, he reflects his unique outlook on life. Although his works have not been circulated much, most of them have been included in Chinese textbooks. For example, the catchy "Helpless flowers fall, déjà vu swallow returns" and "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, went up to the tall building alone, and looked at the end of the world".
History of the Song Dynasty once spoke highly of Yan Shuwei"The article is beautiful, the application is endless, especially the poetry, the leisure and elegance are affectionate".
It can be said that feminine characteristics played a key role in the prosperity of Song Ci. A delicate male writer"Be a woman's word.", deeply writes about the psychology of women and carries thousands of thoughts in their hearts. As for Li Qingzhao, as a woman, her early works are a climax of Song Ci.