The spirit of "chivalry" is an indispensable part of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and it is also an important part of the national spirit. Is the real hero who exists in the long river of history the righteous hero who can do the right thing for heaven and relieve the injustice in the world as people imagine? Gong Pengcheng, chair professor of the School of Literature of Shandong University and honorary director of the Confucius Museum of China, wrote "On the Spiritual and Cultural History of Chivalry", which comprehensively and systematically sorts out and explains the spiritual and cultural history of "chivalry", which is of positive significance for clarifying the good and the bad, and exploring and promoting the high-quality traditional spirit and cultural resources in the "chivalry" culture. The History of Chivalry's Spiritual CultureGong Pengcheng
Present the true face of the knightFor a long time, we have always had an indescribable admiration for chivalry.
Their vigorous life, vigorous vitality, upright character, and special martial arts have formed a reverie or longing that is difficult to give up at the bottom of everyone's heart. For example, Yuan Zhongdao's "Biography of Li Wenling" cloud: Yu Guzhi's "chivalrous swordsman, survival and death, friendship between life and death, reading his will, what to do with it, throwing himself up, crying tears, pain, and if you can't help yourself". They kill and die, and they look at death as home, like Confucianism; They are heels and love the world, like ink; And they eliminate violence and peace, help the weak, and even rob the rich to help the poor, which is very happy, but they are chivalrous, like a dragon seeing the head but not the end, and there is a mysterious and romantic atmosphere that Confucianism does not have. Such chivalry, chivalry, chivalry, chivalry, and chivalry, of course, make people admire inexplicably. 
However, Gong Pengcheng asks at the beginning of the book, "The Cult of Chivalry: The Complex Image of Chivalry".Is the hero who lives in history really a righteous romantic hero as we yearn for? For example, Dong Zhuo. hijacked the emperor, burned Luoyang, raped the princess, bullied the palace people, tortured and punished indiscriminately, and Jianxi would die; So much so that when he died, the people sang and danced. The sergeant women of Chang'an sold their pearl and jade clothes, bought wine and meat to celebrate, and filled the market. However, such a big villain is an out-and-out hero, "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Dong Zhuo" cloud: "Dong Zhuo ......."Rough and strategic, less taste of Youqiang, and ...... with the handsomeIt is known as a warrior. It can be seen that chivalry, there are those who kill themselves to become benevolent, those who eliminate violence and peace, and those who help the weak; There are also evil teenagers who fly eagles and lackeys, local tyrants and bullies who are generous, and bandits who rob and plunder. 
At the same time, no matter how much we yearn to praise heroes, in real life, we can't face those "brothers" who are bold, righteous, and very cosmopolitan with the same romantic feelings. So, on the one hand, we sang the spirit of chivalry and told the story of the righteous hero Liao Tianding; On the one hand, he also demanded the establishment of laws and regulations to prosecute hooligans and crack down on *** forces to remove the threat to life. Doesn't that seem weird? Is our general imagination of chivalry too far from the historical truth? "The History of Chivalry's Spiritual Culture" isIt breaks the romantic imagination of chivalry, temporarily closes the door of fantasy and longing, unveils the curtain of history, presents the true face of chivalry, and explains how our mythical yearning for chivalry is formedComprehensively and systematically sort out and interpret the spiritual and cultural history of "chivalry".The great man of chivalry, practice in life, glyphs in pen and ink, in the ancient and modern, in the middle and in the West, are all worth a glimpse. Gong Pengcheng emphasized that the records and descriptions of chivalry have always been a mixture of history and imagination, because part of it is a realistic portrayal of the nature of historical biography, and part of it is chivalrous literature, and the main thingFrom the two aspects of literary deconstruction and historical truth, it has set aside the romantic fantasy and mythological myth of chivalry
Although there is no lack of realistic elements in literature, and its materials may also be taken from real life, the fiction and creation of literary works obviously often replace the so-called reality, which is basically imaginary and fictional, and is by no means equal to the real situation. There is another reason for this confusion, and that isAll literary works contain the meaning that the author wants to bet on。Where in the excellent **, the author will definitely give Xia a meaning. As Chen Chen's "Water Margin Aftermath" said: "Although they are in the green forest, they are all loyal, honest and selfless; All of them are official and private persecution, and they are unavoidable. Or as Wenkang's "Biography of Children's Heroes" said: "Chivalrous people have" a group of supreme nature, a pair of geniuses, and their work is one level higher than that of the sages. "Because of all these meanings, it doesn't have to be equal to the chivalry of reality. The entanglement between literature and reality has been going on for a long time, and those who discuss chivalry have never been aware of this layerThey always naturally understand and feel chivalry from literary works, and then project this understanding and feeling onto the interpretation of history
What kind of mistakes do we often make when we look at the heroic deeds in history? History exists only through interpretation. Moreover, different interpretations and interpreters of history will bring about "history" with a very different face. In the case of Sima Qian's "Historical Records", the portrayal of rangers in "The Biography of the Rangers" is not "truthful" at allIt is full of the author's interpretation of chivalry and judgment of meaning。On the one hand, this interpretation is closely related to Sima Qian's own meaning orientation and values. On the other hand, it is Sima Qian's feelings about the times, about existence, and personal encounters, which is the question of "interpreting the situation". Because of this, chivalry is a hero who serves the country and the people, grasps justice in the world, and resists violence, etc., which has become common sense, deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and is generally accepted by scholars of literature and history. Few people reflect that this is only an image created in a particular interpretive context, and in this way, he explained the ancient chivalry, and based on this kind of concept, he bred many beautiful discourses, full of romantic and distant passion and imagination. In this book, the author is based on "interpretive context".Re-observe the heroes of the ages, including his personality traits, behavior patterns, image building, interactions with scribes, relations with the regime, and the reshaping of chivalrous culture in modern timesThe spiritual and cultural history of chivalry is comprehensively and systematically sorted out and explained
About the Author
Gong PengchengBorn in Taipei City in 1956, his ancestral home is Ji'an, Jiangxi. He used to be the chief writer of the newspaper and the editor-in-chief of the bookstore. He has more than 100 kinds of works on literature, history and philosophy, religion, art, sociology, etc., and has edited hundreds of books. He has won the Zhongshan Literature and Art Award, the Zhongxing Literature and Art Medal, the Textbook Improvement Award, and the Zhu Ziqing Prose Biennial Award. He often holds calligraphy exhibitions all over the world. To promote Chinese culture as the aspiration. He has served as Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities of Tamkang University, President of the University of South China, President of Foguang University, President of Eurasia University, Vice President of the Chinese Taoist College, President of the Chinese Classical Literature Research Association, President of the Chinese Martial Arts Literature Association, President of the Chinese History and Literature Association, Distinguished Professor of Peking University, and Distinguished Professor of Beijing Normal University. He is currently a chair professor at the School of Liberal Arts of Shandong University and an honorary director of the Confucius Museum in China.
His main works include "History of Chinese Literature", "Literary Walk", "Fifteen Lectures on Chinese Traditional Culture", "Introduction to Chinese Studies", "History of Chinese Poetry", "History of Chinese Literary Criticism", "Gong Pengcheng's Narrative", etc.
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Table of Contents
Cult of Chivalry: Complex image of chivalry
1. Literary imagination.
2. Interpretation of History (1) History Full of Judgment of Meaning (2) Nihilist's View of Confucianism (3) Chinese Bushido (4) The Transformation of Warriors and Rangers.
3. The Myth of Justice (1) Chivalry with a Sense of Moral Mission (2) Why We Need Chivalry (3) History, Myths and Myths (4) Chivalry: The Myth of Justice.
4. Hero Worship (1) Hero Worship (2) Existential Nothingness (3) Romantic Travel.
5. Methods of Historical Research (1) The Dialectic of Historical Interpretation (2) The Review of Evidence and Inferences (3) The Methods of Cultural History.
Ranger of the Han Dynasty
The chivalry and swordsman of the Tang Dynasty
The nature, origin and development of a hero.
2. Chivalry in the Tang Dynasty (1) Types of Ranger Boys (2) Behaviors and Activities of Chivalry (3) The relationship between chivalry and the intellectual class.
3. Swordsmen of the Tang Dynasty (1) Behavioral characteristics of swordsmen (2) The mysterious character of swordsmen.
4. Chivalry and swordsman from the perspective of cultural history (1) The life mood of chivalry (2) The evolution of chivalrous tradition in the Tang Dynasty (3) The relationship between chivalry and swordsmanship and feudal towns.
From "Poems" to "Dian Jianglu": a relationship between chivalry and scribes
1. The strength of the character's talent.
2. The theme of the artistic realm.
3. The Poet's Ethnic Society.
Fourth, the beauty of the heroes of Kusawa.
5. The mastery of artistic personality and the overall view of the poetry world.
Chivalry of the Qing Dynasty**
1. Say "countercurrent."
2. "Loyalty."
3. Distinguish "grand thieves."
Fourth, there is "spirit."
Heroes and Beauties: A Revisit to the Cultural Landscape of the Late Ming and Late Qing Dynasties
1. A hero-worshipping society.
2. The shift in the gaze of the study.
3. Heroes in the face of women.
4. The heroic image of women.
5. Mutual domination and liberation.
6. The pursuit of an ideal personality.
Chivalry and tenderness: the life form of modern intellectuals
1. Morale and chivalry.
2. Worry about the world and worry about life.
Three chivalrous bones tenderness.
4. Heroes sons and daughters.
Five sword qi Xiao Xin.
6. Water Margin Red Mansion.
Seven Revolution Love.
Mandarin ducks, butterflies and martial arts**
The modernization and transformation of martial arts
1. The voice calling for a new martial arts.
2. The emergence of a new school of martial arts in the rivers and lakes.
3. The constant and change of martial arts.
Fourth, from martial arts**to**.
5. The history of the transformation of the narrative model.
People in the rivers and lakes - visit the ancient dragon at night.
A knife that cuts through the darkness
1. The sword is ruthless - the amorous swordsman is ruthless with the sword.
2. The sword also has love.
Three people are in the rivers and lakes.
Fourth, friendship lasts forever.
A sword hidden in the fog
1. Ethical Choices.
2. The existential dilemma.
3. Helpless fate.
Fourth, the rivers and lakes of dream fog.
5. Homicide or suicide.
Look at the sword of the third young master
and compete for power in the imperial frontier
Fang Hongye's rivers and lakes gossip
Jin Yong of the E generation: Jin Yong**'s performance on the Internet and video games1. Video games: martial arts that are not yet familiar to the academic world.
2. Divergence: Two Lines of Metallic Studies.
3. Customs: The value and sensibility of secularization.
4. Games: The Logic of Adolescent Subcultures.
5. Turning Point: The New Fate of Generation E Martial Arts.
Young Heroes
1. Visiting the Juvenile Field.
2. Treachery and crime.
3. Ranger subculture.
4. The controversy of life.
5. Youth.
AppendixAppendix 1 Sword Records Appendix 2 Commentary on Tian Yuying's Spanish Knights and Chinese Heroes Appendix 3 Heroes and Knights Appendix 4 Postscript to Heroes Appendix 5 On Revenge
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For a long time, we have always had an indescribable admiration for chivalry. Isn't it? In the dark night sky of history, some maverick heroes and heroes occasionally appeared, as if they had stumbled upon one or two bright meteors on a cold night, bringing people inexplicable excitement for a while. Their courage to insist on their beliefs and not be afraid of strong beams, the righteousness, the heroism of not giving up despite death, and the loneliness and dissoluteness of singing sad songs during the day and playing swords in the middle of the night, are also showing a unique sentiment and gripping hearts.
The hero of justice, in this way, walked into the world and into the rivers and lakes. Thousands of mountains walk alone, and the clothes are fluttering. Their posture gradually permeated our hearts, permeated the screen and fluorescent screen, as well as countless ** and record books. Such as the fragrance of gardenias after the rain on a quiet night, it is the only little warmth left in history after the years, which makes people feel that history still has some nostalgia or yearning for after all.
Their vigorous life, vigorous vitality, upright character, and special martial arts have formed a reverie or longing that is difficult to give up at the bottom of everyone's soul, chivalrous and magnificent, and teaches people to pay attention. For example, Yuan Zhongdao's "Biography of Li Wenling" cloud: Yu Guzhi's "chivalrous swordsman, survival and death, friendship between life and death, reading his will, what to do with it, throwing himself up, crying tears, pain, and if you can't help yourself".
They kill and die, and they look at death as home, like Confucianism; They are heels and love the world, like ink; And they eliminate violence and peace, help the weak, and even rob the rich to help the poor, which is very happy, but they are chivalrous, like a dragon seeing the head but not the end, and there is a mysterious and romantic atmosphere that Confucianism does not have. Such chivalry, chivalry, chivalry, chivalry, and chivalry, of course, make people admire inexplicably.
However, is the hero who lives in history really a righteous romantic hero as we yearn for?
For example, Dong Zhuo. hijacked the emperor, burned Luoyang, raped the princess, bullied the palace people, tortured and punished indiscriminately, and Jianxi would die; So much so that when he died, the people sang and danced. The sergeant women of Chang'an sold their pearl and jade clothes, bought wine and meat to celebrate, and filled the market. However, such a big villain is an out-and-out hero, "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Dong Zhuo" cloud: "Dong Zhuo ......."Rough and strategic, less taste of Youqiang, and ...... with the handsomeIt is known as a warrior. ”
There are too many heroes like this. For example, "The Book of Northern Qi: The Biography of Bi Yiyun" contains: "Yiyun is a rough man, his home is in the north of Yanzhou, and he often robs and travels, and the state suffers. "It's a man who robs and travels. Volume 4 of "Northern Dream Trivia": "Mrs. Boling Cui in Zhou Bao in Western Zhejiang is the sister of the time in Qianfu. Less for the female Taoist, or the cloud widow and crown, self-secluded. The big mink is known for being heroic, and he knows that Cui has a look, but he steals it from the wall, and the clan does not know that it exists. "It is a hero who steals jade and incense, and abducts women. "The Old Tang Book: The Biography of Guo Yuanzhen" said that when Guo Yuanzhen was the captain of Tongquan, he "let the chivalrous force the spirit, plundered and sold more than 1,000 people in the department before and after, leaving behind the guests, and the people suffered", and he was an evil official who trafficked in human beings and oppressed the people. Aren't such chivalrous deeds and chivalry the opposite of the usual chivalrous morality?
In the concept of ordinary people, Xia is a person who is eager for justice and righteousness, has the courage to sacrifice, has principles, has a sense of justice, and can do the right thing for heaven and relieve the injustice in the world. Although they often struggle with the government, they are always on the side of the people, and they are not close to women. Therefore, it is hard for us to believe that Xia is just some evil teenagers who like flying eagles and lackeys, just some local tyrants and bullies with large hands and amazing pomp, just some robbers who rob and kill, and just some scoundrels who are addicted to sex and power and bully good people.
At the same time, no matter how much we yearn for praise of heroes, in real life, we can't face those "brothers" and gangsters who are bold, righteous, and very angry with the same romantic feelings