In the eyes of the founding generals, what kind of existence is **? How high is the prestige in their hearts?
Here are three examples.
After the Zunyi Conference in 1935, ** bought two tubes of sweet Moutai liquor in northern Qianbei to celebrate the establishment of ***'s leading position.
Ye Shuai, who was in his old age, also sighed: "If it weren't for following ***, my life would be very mediocre." ”
And ** is more direct, he once argued with Xiang Ying, who doubted ***'s decision-making: "If you don't believe in Runzhi, it can only mean that you are not level." ”
It can be seen that the respect of the three of them for *** has surpassed the relationship between revolutionary partners, to the extent that they have a heart.
Especially**, no matter what happens for decades, this bold Sichuan man has never lowered his trust in ***.
During the three-year guerrilla war, ** was the spiritual pillar of **.
The newly appointed commander of the first detachment of the New Fourth Army led a detachment of the New Fourth Army, which was reorganized from the guerrillas on the Jiangxi-Guangdong border, and officially embarked on the road of going north to resist Japan.
Before that, ** had been fighting guerrilla warfare in the south for three whole years.
The ups and downs of it can only be experienced by himself.
He was truly relieved when he took the lead in issuing the declaration of "Stop the Civil War and Cooperate to Resist Japan", and soon after he solemnly signed his name on the document of cooperation with the Kuomintang to resist Japan.
In the past three years, he has had a hard time.
**Soviet District Hospital** was recuperating from his wounds and was looking out the window in a daze.
Just a few days ago, **Red Army 860,000 people began the Great Long March, they left the immobile **Soviet area**, not long ago the enemy's bomb shrapnel hit his hipbone, after the operation he could only walk on crutches even if he got out of bed.
That summer was a point in time for the Red Army to fall into a life-and-death decision.
This was because the Red Army's fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign failed, and the losses were very serious. If you don't carry out the Long March and continue to stay in Ruijin, Huichang, Xingguo and other places, I am afraid that the whole army will be wiped out.
* knew very well in his heart that Lao Chiang's pursuit and encirclement would not stop with the transfer of the Red Army at all, especially in the dangerous Xiangjiang River.
Just thinking about it, Xiang Ying came to see him.
Like him, Xiang Ying was also entrusted by ** to stay in the Soviet area, at this time his position was the vice chairman of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and the task was to lead the Red 24th Division and local armed forces that remained in the Soviet area together with the director of the *** officeMore than 6 people covered the strategic transfer of the Red Army and defended the Soviet zone.
In terms of level, he is slightly higher than **.
As soon as Xiang Ying came, he impassionedly announced the order conveyed by ** on the Long March:
"Take the 'triangle area' between the four county towns of Ruijin, Huichang, Yudu, and Ningdu as the last position to hold, and lead the remaining Red 24th Division and local armed forces to defend the ** Soviet area. ”
He also said: "The main force of the Red Army marched westward, fought several victories against it, and established new Soviet areas. In this way, the enemy besieging the **Soviet area will inevitably go westward, and at that time, the **Soviet area will have another new situation. ”
Whether it is the ** order or Xiang Ying's bold words, although ** is noncommittal, he doesn't believe it at all.
* The Red Army had less than 90,000 men, and in the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, Chiang's army alone attacked the Soviet area with more than 500,000 people.
Even if the Chiang army sensed that the main force of the Red Army had begun the Long March, with their forces, they could continue to pursue the Red Army while sending troops and horses to attack and harass the Soviet area.
Even if they only divide out a mere 100,000 people, only 160,000 plus 30,000 wounded in the **Soviet district are not a small pressure.
* said to Xiang Ying worriedly: "Chiang Kai-shek will not take the ** Soviet area lightly. He knows very well that we are rooted among the people, and in a few years, we will recover. ”
But Xiang Ying still insisted on his own opinion: "Even if Chiang Kai-shek continues to besiege, we must also restore the original appearance of the **Soviet area." ”
* Helpless, he knew that Xiang Ying was too optimistic, the Red Army's Long March through the Xiangjiang River must be more auspicious, and according to Lao Jiang's character, he would never let go of the **Soviet area.
Why, then, did the Red Army's fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" fail? To put it bluntly, there are two words: "left-leaning." ”
The command of the first three anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns was in the hands of the Red Army, so the Red Army was able to resolutely implement the 16-character principle of guerrilla warfareWhen the enemy advances, I retreat, when the enemy retreats, I pursue, when the enemy is stationed, I disturb, and when the enemy is tired, I fight.
Under the influence of the "16-character principle", except for the Red Fourth Front Army that was unfavorable in several battles under Zhang Guotao's erroneous strategy, and the Red Third Army Corps which suffered a lot under the erroneous command of Xia Xi and others, the Red Army's first three anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns all turned danger into disaster and annihilated the enemy.
During the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, although the command of the Red Army tended to waver, under the leadership of the Red Army, and in accordance with the military ideology of active defense and attacking the west, it concentrated superior forces to resolutely encircle and annihilate the enemy, and still eliminated three enemy divisions.
By the time of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Red Army was still the same Red Army, but the leading body actually had a "great change of blood," and the party's actual leader, Bogu, was influenced by Wang Ming's "leftist leaning" and blindly followed the advice of his military adviser Li De and engaged in "military adventurism."
Bogu and Li De abandoned guerrilla tactics and preferred to fight a positional war with the Kuomintang in which they had no advantage, and suffered heavy losses. This erroneous tactical thinking even continued to the Xiangjiang Campaign, and the first of the "three-person regiments" of the Communist Party of China tried hard to dissuade them, but the two of them still insisted on going their own way.
* Although he did not participate in the Long March due to illness, when he thought of the tragic scene of rivers of blood after the failure of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, he did not understand why the Bogu gang had not learned their lesson. The army is so big, why do you still insist on the "left-leaning" ideology to confront the enemy? Why don't you stop the precipice and let *** preside over the overall situation?
He believes that at present, the only way to do this is to give up all illusions about the enemy, to restore the guerrilla tactics used by Comrade *** in the first three anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns, and to repeatedly maneuver with the enemy and then wait for an opportunity to annihilate him.
Therefore, he forced himself to sit up and explained to Xiang Ying the viewpoint that it is necessary to implement the guerrilla tactics at present: "From our ** sub-bureau to the leaders of the county party committee and branch, from the commander and political commissar to the fighters and men, all of them must take off their military uniforms, put on civilian clothes, carry fast guns, and disperse to fight guerrillas. ”
* The more he talked, the more energetic he became: "We engaged in dozens, hundreds of guerrilla units, and fought sparrow warfare with the enemy. He can wipe out one group or two groups, but he can't eliminate dozens of groups or hundreds. These dozens of groups and hundreds of groups have been preserved, and when the time comes, with them as the backbone, there will be a great development, and the strength will be very considerable. ”
* This is also a reminder to Xiang Ying not to underestimate guerrilla warfare, it can effectively complicate what the enemy thinks is a simple problem and distract the enemy's attention, so that their attack will be chaotic, like a "heavy punch" hitting the sponge, which is actually the only way to defeat the strong with the weak.
But this controversy did not succeed in impressing Xiang Ying, because the ** centered on Bogu and Li De gave them the task of sticking to the base area, not dispersing the guerrillas. Xiang Ying didn't have the courage to change his intentions, even if it wasn't the best plan.
A few days later, an appointment from the Central Revolutionary Military Commission reached the **Soviet district:From October 22, the ** Military Region should be established, with Xiang Ying as commander and political commissar, Gong Chu as chief of staff, and He Chang as director of the Political Department.
What does this telegram mean? It means that ** has been relieved of military power.
What exactly do they mean? **Very worried, there is no power in his hands, no soldiers to send, his injuries are even difficult to get out of bed, he has always been optimistic, he has pessimism.
The mountain rain is coming, and the wind is full of buildings.
Since the telegram from the Central Revolutionary Military Commission came, no matter what Xiang Ying thought, a bad premonition rose in his heart.
He expected that Lao Jiang would not be stupid enough to leave the ** Soviet area alone, and something big would definitely happen next.
Sure enough, Jiang Jun really sent troops and horses to kill the ** Soviet area, and this time he sent Gu Zhutong over, with 200,000 men and horses under his command.
Lao Jiang's order to Gu Zhutong was:It is limited to "recovering" the "bandit holes" in Jiangxi and Fujian by the end of November, purging the remnants of the bandits within a time limit, and dealing with the aftermath of the bandit areas. He intended not to leave any room for the Red Army.
Gu Zhu besieged the 200,000-strong army of less than 20,000 regular troops in the only four remaining counties in the **Soviet region.
In order to meet Gu Zhutong, Xiang Ying mobilized the wounded who were recuperating in the hospital to return to the team, and on the other hand, he reorganized the county and district armed forces and township guerrillas in the Soviet area into new combat units and put them on the front line. He didn't seem to realize the gravity of the matter.
This is probably because ** was apprehensive about the Red Army's previous anti-"encirclement and suppression" combat strength, and his initial actions were relatively restrained, so that Xiang Ying was not aware of the scale of the enemy army; Perhaps because Xiang Ying, the commander, was unwilling to violate the ** order as soon as he took office, this is understandable.
* I really want to come out and preside over the overall situation, but I don't have military power in my hands, so I can only do it in a hurry.
The storm was not long in coming.
* Occupy the county seat of Xingguo;
* Occupy the county seat of Ningdu;
* Occupy the county seat of Changting;
* Occupy Ruijin;
* Occupy the capital county;
The Kuomintang Jiangxi Province designated the six counties of Ruijin, Huichang, Yudu, Xingguo, Ningdu and Shicheng as "special political regions";
During this period, Xiang Ying also commanded the Red 24th Division and two battalions of Ruijin and Huichang, and launched an ambush on the **3rd Division, although half of the enemy brigade was annihilated, it attracted 4 divisions of the enemy.
Huichang fell, and the Kuomintang troops occupied all the towns in the **Soviet district.
This was followed by the creepy "White Terror".
* In the Soviet area, 800,000 people were killed, including more than 18,000 in Ruijin, more than 4,800 in Ningdu, more than 2,100 in Xingguo, and 3,000 in Yandu. The Soviet region, which was once stable and peaceful, became withered and lifeless after the catastrophe of the "White Terror".
Xiang Ying and ** didn't expect that Gu Zhutong would be so ruthless.
* Sure enough, he was good at bullying the weak, and his actions were unexpectedly fast, and in just over one month, the **Soviet area was compressed by more than half, and the situation took a sharp turn for the worse.
*'s prophecy was completely fulfilled, and the estimate was too low, and Xiang Ying finally realized that **'s order was problematic.
However, the Red Army has not yet been completely annihilated, but has only fallen into a heavy encirclement. By the end of December, the Red Army's sphere of activity was only a small area of more than 100 miles from north to south and 60 or 70 miles from east to west.
This is definitely the most difficult period of **'s military career.
** The original more than 200 counties and districts in the Soviet area have now all fallen into the hands of the Kuomintang; **1. Left behind before the Long March of the Red ArmyOf the 60,000 troops, only 10 percent survived.
And what about Xiang Yinghe**? They had no choice but to move their headquarters to Huanglongjingtang Village, which was only in the center of the narrow strip.
Everything around this narrow area has been corroded by the white tide of the Kuomintang.
The landlords and profiteers, who had been overthrown by the poor people, revived, and they used the money and grain they had exploited from the people to form militia groups, coercing the common people to report each other's families of the Red Army, and brutally attacking the forces of the workers and peasants. Under the circumstance that Gu Zhutong "turned a blind eye" to them, these people finally showed their true colors of ferocity.
In fact, by this time the Soviet zone had "existed in name only".
Xiang Ying was so worried that he couldn't afford to be sick, and he was like two people before, and his self-confidence was gone.
That kind of situation, that kind of despair, is almost like the resentment of the destruction of the country and the extinction of the species.
* Xiang Ying again proposed that the troops should be dispersed and break through the encirclement, and a combat group of more than 100 people should be formed to fully switch to guerrilla warfare.
However, Xiang Ying still couldn't make up his mind, first, he did not receive new instructions, second, the various units did not make psychological preparations for guerrilla warfare, and third, whether the food and ammunition of each group could be guaranteed was a big problem.
Although helpless, he understood Xiang Ying's worries, it was not that he was pedantic, because at that time, the Red Army's Long March team was not having a good time, they had just fought viciously with several Kuomintang warlords in Xiangjiang for four days and four nights, and lost more than 50,000 people.
If the news that the **Soviet area had been occupied by ** reached there at this time, leaving them with no way to retreat, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission would inevitably hold Xiang Ying accountable after the war. If the troops are dispersed to fight guerrillas, and if they fail to break through the encirclement and are "encircled and suppressed," then the problem will be even more serious.
This total annihilation of the army, together with the crime of losing the base area, Xiang Ying definitely can't afford it.
Therefore, the only hope at present is that the order can be changed in time to allow them to switch to guerrilla warfare, and it is best that the Red Army can regain command on the way to the Long March. **If he controls the overall situation, with his genius thinking, he can turn the tables "against the wind", regardless of whether he has lost ground or lost land.
But how easy is that? At that time, "left-leaning" ideas were rampant, even in **'s view, unless God has eyes, the possibility of a "comeback" is very small.
It was on this day that everything turned around.
Xiang Ying received a telegram forwarded to them by ***.
This telegram was of vital significance to the remaining Red Army in the Soviet area and to the military careers of Xiang Ying and **.
Xiang Ying read, her face fluttering.
His troubles disappeared in an instant, jumped out of bed in one step, and read the contents of the telegram to **
.The task of your Soviet districts is to persist in guerrilla warfare and mobilize the broad masses to tenaciously and tenaciously oppose the enemy's bastionism and 'purging and eradication' policy with guerrilla warfare. A company or so of guerrilla detachments should be the common way of the backbone units, which should be in the hundreds in and around the central sector. Capable independent battalions are set up in larger areas, and more capable independent regiments are set up in only a few better areas.
.After this deployment, those redundant independent regiments and battalions were planned to disperse in the form of small units. If the environment is favorable, it will be concentrated, and if it is unfavorable, it will be dispersed.
**Listen, my eyes lit up: this is exactly the same as my advice to Xiang Ying!
Isn't this proper guerrilla tactics?
* A familiar feeling suddenly rose in my heart, a feeling that I had not felt for a long time.
It's *** thinking excitedly, "That's right, it's definitely *** who can come up with this way."
Subsequently, ** turned over and read this telegram worth 10,000 gold several times, and repeatedly confirmed that it was sent by ***, which shows that the telegram represents ***'s military ideological line.
That's right, after the defeat of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and the Xiangjiang Campaign, the Red Army finally returned to the right track of guerrilla tactics.
"This must have been *** written! I estimate that Comrade ** may have returned to the post of leader! ”** said to Xiang Ying excitedly, "Bogu and Li De never have this kind of strategic thinking, and they can't write such a resolution!" ”
** I don't know that when he missed the Long March, he also missed the Zunyi Conference, the meeting that had the greatest impact on the Chinese revolution.
After the defeat of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and the heavy loss of 50,000 men in the Xiangjiang River, the Red Army finally defeated the forces of the warlord Wang Jialie in Guizhou and occupied Zunyi by the way.
And with the dismissal of Wang Jialie, the ** Red Army, which has experienced many difficulties and dangers, can finally take a breath and convene the main leaders to make a good summary of the battles in recent months.
Some things are often like this, only when we see them with our own eyes, only when we experience them personally, and only when we are deeply aware of the seriousness of the matter, will we unify our thinking.
The Zunyi Conference was in fact an "important review" in which the Red Army, after suffering numerous losses, finally knew who was right.
So far, the "left-leaning" thinking of Wang Ming, Bogu, and others has had a bad impact on the whole party for four years.
At the meeting, Zhang Wentian and other leaders criticized Bogu, although Bogu did not realize his mistake at the beginning, but blamed the failure of the anti-"encirclement and suppression" on the enemy being too strong, but in any case, failure is failure, he did not have any reason to refute, and still humbly listened to the opinions of his comrades.
When Bogu reviewed his wrong behavior, ** said an intriguing sentence to him: "You and I are not suitable to be leaders." ”
Then he added: "Comrade * once led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and also carried out revolution in the countryside, and he was very thoughtful in fighting in the countryside. I believe that only he can lead the Red Army out of its present predicament, and only he can lead the Communist Party to victory. ”
After listening, Bogu finally let go of his prejudices about ***, and even began to praise him: "After these few battles, I did find that *** is better at fighting than me, and it was true that I didn't recognize the situation before and harmed everyone." ”
This simple dialogue was already doomed to the outcome of the Zunyi Conference, and it became inevitable to get the command of the Red Army from this time.
Bogu was persuaded by ***, which means that two of the "** three-person regiment" agreed to let *** take charge of the army, and the remaining Li De is useless to oppose it, and if he opposes it, he will be "kicked out", anyway, he is not Chinese, the instructor has long said:Li De must not be allowed to seize the right to decide on the Chinese revolution.
But can it be said that Bogu is incapable? Of course not, today we know the "leftist" mistake of Bogu and others, that is because we already knew the results of the Chinese revolution, but at that time everything was unknown, ** it was only just past the year of confusion, and no one dared to guarantee that his guerrilla warfare ideas were correct before witnessing it with their own eyes.
Therefore, this kind of thing can only be proved by facts.
After the Zunyi Conference, Wang Jiaxiang's "New Three-Man Regiment" was established, and the Red Army finally went through the most difficult period.
* By the time the telegram was sent to the Soviet districts, they had already completed a crossing of Chishui under the command of ***.
*He didn't realize what the Zunyi Conference meant to China for the time being, and he didn't expect that he was now commanding a battle that he would be proud of many years later, just because this telegram worth thousands of dollars made him get carried away with joy.
Coming back, he got the command of the Red Army!
Forgetting the pain, forgetting the dispute with Xiang Ying not long ago, there is nothing more exciting than this.
God bless China, God bless China! The party has been saved, the country has been saved!
Xiang Ying also completely let go of his psychological baggage, ** since they were transferred to guerrilla warfare, it means that they have understood their predicament, not only does the telegram not have any meaning of blame, but it also reveals between the lines that they want to turn defeat into victory.
**Extremely relieved, Xiang Ying also has a backbone.
Without further ado, the ** sub-bureau held an emergency meeting that night, and decided to divide the troops into nine routes and quickly break through to Fujian, Jiangxi, western Fujian, Dongjiang, southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan, Hunan and Jiangxi.
Guerrilla warfare can absolutely "revitalize" the game of chess in the Soviet area, because there were more than 200 counties in the former Soviet area, and even if each county formed a guerrilla force of more than 100 people, the total strength would be more than that of the Red Army left in the Soviet area before the Long March.
A spark can start a prairie fire!
The breakout has officially begun!
However, the process of the operation was not so smooth, and the blockade line of ** was very domineering. Ruan Xiaoxian, Zhou Yili, Yang Ying, Li Tianzhu, including the familiar martyrs He Shuheng, Qu Qiubai and other martyrs, were brutally killed at this time.
But there are also those who break out, such as Chen Tanqiu, ** and ***'s third brother Mao Zetan. Although Mao Zetan successfully broke through this time, he was surrounded again in the Ruijin Mountains more than 2 months later, and unfortunately died to cover his comrades.
* With Xiang Ying, the remaining forces of the Red Army under their respective commands successfully broke through the siege, and came to Youshan, the center of the Jiangxi-Guangdong border guerrilla zone, and successfully joined up with the troops who had arrived here earlier.
Here, the 3-year guerrilla war in the south officially began.
Their unit was the predecessor of the New Fourth Army.
During this period, the future founding marshal experienced a lot, not only enemies who did not give up, but also traitors who were pessimistic about the future, but this is not the focus of this article, so I will not go into details.
During the three years of guerrilla warfare, the arduous efforts made by the ** and countless fighters in the border areas of Jiangxi and Guangdong were not in vain, and they broke up the troops into pieces and persisted in fighting the enemy in a vast area, not only miraculously dragging down the hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, but also cultivating many talents for the Chinese revolution.
Among them are Su Yu, the "God of War" who shined in the Liberation War in the future, as well as outstanding generals such as Ye Fei and Zhong Qiguang.
Su Yu later recalled: "The greatest effect of the three-year guerrilla war was to temper my military ability. ”
Those 3 years were the most unforgettable time in my life, with hardships and bitterness, but what remained unchanged was the hope for the future.
There is no doubt that this hope is *** bringing.
It can only be said that the Zunyi meeting was too timely, and the telegram came too timely.