QC T 1189-2023 English Version Foreign Language Version Translated Version Bumper for passenger cars.
QCT 1189-2023 English version Foreign language version Translated version.
QC 1189-2023 English version Foreign language version Translated version.
1 range. This document stipulates the technical requirements, test methods, installation requirements, inspection rules, identification, packaging, transportation and storage requirements for bumpers for passenger cars (hereinafter referred to as "bumpers").
This document applies to Class M vehicles.
2. Normative references.
The content of the following documents constitutes an essential provision of this document by means of normative references in the text. Among them, the reference document with a date is noted, and only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; For undated references, the most recent version of the document (including all change orders) applies to this document.
GB T2918 Standard Environment for Specimen Condition Conditioning and Testing.
GB7258 Technical conditions for motor vehicle operation safety.
GB 11566 Passenger car exterior protrusions.
GB 15741 Automotive and trailer number plate plates (racks) and their locations.
GB 17354 Automotive front and rear end protection device.
GB T 24550 Auto collision protection against pedestrians.
GB T 30512 Requirements for Prohibited Substances in Automobiles.
GB T 40512 Test Method for Atmospheric Exposure of Automobile Vehicles.
OC T484 Automotive Oil Coating.
OC T 797 Material Identification and Marking of Automotive Plastic, Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer Parts.
3Terms and Definitions.
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
Bumper for passenger cars
It is composed of parts located at the front or rear end of the vehicle, and has the functions of decorating, absorbing and mitigating external shocks, carrying external functional parts and their accessories, and air guidance.
*：gb/t4780-2020，6.3.1. There are modifications].
Irradiance
Radiant flux per unit area of the irradiated surface.
Note: The unit is watts per square meter (wm?).)
4. Technical requirements for bumpers.
4.1 General Requirements.
The bumper shall be manufactured in accordance with the product drawings and design documents approved by the prescribed procedures42 Appearance.
4.2.1 Appearance quality.
4.2.1.1. The surface of the bumper should be smooth and flat, without cracks, deformation, flash, burrs and pollution and other defects that hinder the appearance quality. 4.2.1.2. The outer surface of the bumper should be free of obvious divisions, ejection marks and obvious welding marks.
4.2.2 Texture, color and shine.
4.2.2.1 Texture coding and maximum texture depth should meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.2.2.2 The color and gloss of the bumper shall meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer and be consistent with the specified exterior model. 4.2.3 Surface treatment.
Surface treatment (such as skin graining, electroplating, hot stamping, laser engraving, physical vapor deposition (PVD), in-mold decoration (IMD), TINT, etc.) should meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer, and the paint coating should meet the technical requirements of TQ2 (Class A) in QC T484 or the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
4.3 Materials.
The materials used in the bumper shall meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer and comply with the regulation of GB T30512 on prohibited substances44. High temperature resistance.
Follow 52. After the test method is tested, the product should have no abnormal conditions, and the size change rate should not be greater than 05%, or meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer for dimensional changes.
4.5. Low temperature resistance.
Follow 53. After the test method is tested, the product should have no abnormal conditions, and the size change rate should not be greater than 05%, or meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer for dimensional changes.
4.6. High and low temperature cycle resistance.
Follow 54. After the test method is tested, the product should have no abnormal conditions, and the size change rate should not be greater than 05%, or meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer for dimensional changes.
4.7. Exposure to the sun.
Follow 55. After the test method is tested, it shall be evaluated in accordance with the aging evaluation principles given by GB T40512, and there shall be no aging phenomenon of aging grade 2 and above, or meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer on aging phenomenon. 4.8. High pressure cleaning resistance.
Follow 56. After the test, the product should be free of deformation, falling off, appearance defects, water accumulation, abnormal function and water leakage. 4.9. Impact resistance.
Follow 57. After the test, the product should be free of cracks and fractures.
4.10 Trailer hook plugging performance.
Follow 58. Carry out the test, and the operating force of the tow hook plugging cover installed on the bumper should meet the following requirements: - For the pry trailer hook plugging cover, its installation force should not be greater than 50N, the first opening force should not be less than 50N and not more than 100N, and there is no visible damage for 10 disassembly;
4.12 Vibration durability.
Follow 510. The test shall be carried out, and the product shall not be deformed or damaged after the test, and the electrical parts shall not fall off or loosen.
Less testing methods.
5.1 Test conditions.
5.1.1. Temperature and humidity control room.
In the absence of special provisions, the test should be carried out in a temperature and humidity control room that meets the environmental requirements of the standard GB T2918. 5.1.2 Specimens.
The specimen shall be taken from a bumper suitable for actual loading or produced in accordance with relevant standards and test requirements.
5.1.3 Fixtures.
The test fixture should be able to simulate the fixing method on the real vehicle and realize the fixed restraint of the specimen. 5.1.4 Specimen preparation.
5.1.4.1 The specimen should be placed at least 24h after the completion of manufacturing, after 51.1. Place at least 4 hours in the specified temperature and humidity control room.
5.1.4.2. The specimen is assembled on the whole vehicle or fixed on the fixture according to the assembly constraints of the whole vehicle.
5.2. High temperature test.
5.2.1 Test Instruments.
The test should be carried out in a high and low temperature test chamber, and the temperature fluctuation of the high and low temperature test chamber should not exceed +05, the average degree does not exceed 2. The internal volume size of the high and low temperature test chamber should be sufficient to ensure that the parts do not contact with the inside of the test chamber and do not interfere with the air circulation flow. 5.2.2 Test process.
5.2.2.1 in accordance with 51.4. Prepare the sample according to the requirements of the sample, and the sample is marked as follows:
1) The front and side of the specimen are marked at a given distance according to the main direction of the part (such as length and width);
2) Measure the initial spacing between the marking points, the spacing between the marking points is recommended to be 200mm, which is determined according to the actual shape of the sample: 3) The marking points are represented by two clear and irrerecoverable cross lines with a length of more than 10mm, and are marked in front of the sample and on the left and right sides respectively.
5.2.2.2. Put the marked sample in the high and low temperature test chamber, adjust the temperature to 85, start the timing after the temperature is stable, take out the sample after 24 hours and place it in the temperature and humidity control room, and keep it for 4 hours.
5.2.2.3. Observe whether there is any abnormality on the surface of the sample, and then re-measure the spacing of the marking points, the measurement before and after the test is in millimeters, each size is measured 3 times, the average value is taken, and the maximum error rate is required to be no more than 01%。5.2.2.4 The measurement of dimensional changes can also be carried out by means of special gauges or optical scanning, and the measurement method should meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
5.2.2.5 Calculate the dimensional change of the specimen in its different directions, expressed as a percentage of the initial length of the measurement. The elongation of the dimensional change is indicated by "+" and the shrinkage is indicated by "", and if the possible deformation between the fixed points on the part is to be evaluated, the corresponding dimensions are measured with a dividing gauge. Surface changes (e.g., texture, color, gloss, etc.) and observed phenomena should also be noted.
5.3. Low temperature resistance test.
5.3.1 Test Instruments.
The high and low temperature test chamber should comply with 52.1 Requirements.
5.3.2 Test process.
5.3.2.1 in accordance with 52.2.1. Requirements: Prepare the specimen and mark the specimen.
5.3.2.2. Put the marked sample into the high and low temperature test chamber, adjust the temperature to -30, wait for the temperature to stabilize, start the timer, take out the sample for 24 hours, and place it in the temperature and humidity control room for 4 hours.
5.3.2.3 Follow 52.2.3~5.2.2.5. Measure the spacing of the specimen marking points and record them.
5.4. High and low temperature cycle test.
5.4.1 Test Instruments.
The temperature and humidity control chamber should meet the following requirements:
5.4.2.3. Put the sample into the temperature and humidity box, adjust the temperature of the temperature and humidity box to the temperature and humidity described in stage 1 in Table 3 in one test cycle, in order to avoid the influence of too fast heating, the heating rate is not more than 2 min, and after the temperature is stable, the constant temperature and humidity are maintained for 16 hours.
5.4.2.4. After the end of stage 1, the temperature control chamber is dried, and the temperature of the temperature and humidity control chamber is adjusted to the temperature required by stage 2, and the constant temperature is maintained for 3 hours after the temperature is stabilized.
5.4.2.5. After the end of stage 2, the temperature of the temperature and humidity control chamber is adjusted to the temperature required by stage 3, and the constant temperature is maintained for 6h after the temperature is stable.
5.4.2.After the end of stage 6 3, the sample should be placed in the temperature and humidity control room for 24 hours, and then the next cycle of the test should be carried out. After the test cycle is over, the bumper is removed from the high and low temperature test chamber and placed in the ambient temperature (23+2) for 4 hours. 5.4.2.7 in accordance with 52.2.3~5.2.2.5. Measure the spacing of the specimen marking points and record them.
5.5. Exposure test.
5.5.1 Test Instruments.
The requirements for the test instrument are shown in Table 4.
5.5.2.2. Prepare the environment warehouse.
5.5,2.2.1 At 300 mm 200 mm directly above the irradiated surface of the sample, the wind speed should be less than 1 ms.
5.5.2.2.2. The temperature measurement in the environmental chamber should be carried out at one or several positions on the horizontal plane of 0mm and 100mm below the radiation measurement plane, and the sensor measuring the temperature should be properly shielded to prevent the radiant heat effect (such as the louver box used in meteorological measurement). 5.5.3 Test process.
5.5.3.1. If the specimen is assembled on the whole vehicle, the temperature sensor is placed on the front seat rail of the test vehicle; If the specimen is assembled on a fixture, the temperature sensor is placed in the rear position of the bumper license plate area or the approximate center area of the front side of the bumper, and the temperature deviation from the test starting temperature is less than 3.
5.5.3.2. Clean the surface of the specimen to ensure the absorption of radiation from the light source. Specimens are visually inspected, areas that may be radiation-sensitively marked, and clearances at marked sites are measured and recorded.
5.5.3.3 The test process is 7 cycles, and the test process is shown in Figure 3. During the test period, the temperature of the environmental chamber was heated and cooled at a rate of less than 1 min, and the temperature of the ambient chamber should start to heat up 2 hours before the radiation began. The total irradiance per cycle is 8960W m55.3.4. After the test, the gap of the marked part is measured, and the aging evaluation principle given by GB T40512 is evaluated, and the aging phenomenon of the sample is recorded.
5.7. Impact resistance test.
5.7.1 Test Instruments.
5.7.1.1 Drop Ball.
The mass of the ball is 510g+10g, and the diameter is 50mm 1 mm.
5.7.1.2 Guide tubes.
The guide tube should be able to ensure that the falling ball falls freely and unhindered from a height of 600mm and 1000mm57.1.3. High and low temperature test chamber.
The temperature fluctuation of the high and low temperature test chamber should not exceed +05. The uniformity does not exceed +2. 5.7.2 Test process.
5.7.2.1 Place the specimen face up, and mark the relatively weak part of the front of the test specimen, and the grille area is not.
Less than 1 test point, no less than 2 test points in non-grid areas. 5.7.2.2. Put the specimen marked with the test point in the high and low temperature test chamber, adjust the temperature to -30, and start the test after the temperature is stable7.2.3. The grid area is tested with a catheter with a length of 600mm, the center line of the catheter and the center of the test point coincide as much as possible during the test, and it is placed vertically in the tested position, and the ball with a mass of 510g falls freely from the top of the catheter, and the damage to the test point is checked and recorded.
5.7.2.4. The non-grid area is tested with a catheter with a length of 1000mm, the center line of the catheter and the center of the test point coincide as much as possible, and it is placed vertically in the tested position, and the ball with a mass of 510g falls freely from the top of the catheter, and the damage to the test point is checked and recorded.
5.8. Capping operation force test.
5.8.1 Test Instruments.
Push-pull force with an accuracy of 1N.
5.8.2 Test process.
5.8.2.1 For the lifting plugging, apply a tensile load at the notching position along the normal direction of the outer surface of the plugging until the plugging is fully opened, and record the maximum opening force. After opening it 10 times in a row, check whether the plug is visible to the cover.
5.8.2.2 For the push-type plugging, apply a pressure load near the pressing point along the normal direction of the outer surface of the plug until the plug is fully opened, and record the maximum opening force.
5.9 Acupressure stiffness test.
5.9.1 Test Instruments.
Load applicator with an accuracy of 1n.
Deformation measuring instrument with an accuracy of 01mm。
The dimensions of the load applicator are shown in Figure 4.
5.9. Test process of strong wrinkle and jaw strength.
5.9.2.1. When the specimen is assembled on the whole vehicle, the vehicle should be placed on a flat ground and the parking brake should be implemented; When the specimen is fixed to the grip, the grip should be fixed firmly on the level ground.
5.9.2.2 Follow 411 requires the bumper to be divided into different areas.
5.9.2.3 Unless otherwise specified, identify 2 or 3 weak points in each zone for testing, evaluate the percussion noise before testing, and record the evaluation results.
5.9.2.4. The load application device applies the extrusion load along the normal direction of the tested surface, according to 411 requires the application of load, the maximum deformation of the test point is recorded, and the position of the test point is identified in the form of **.
5.10 Vibration test.
5.10.1. The bumper is fixed on the vibration test bench in the whole vehicle or simulated vehicle assembly environment, and the passenger car bumper used for the test shall include the installed radar, camera, fog lamp and other electrical components, and the test shall be carried out according to one of the following test methods:
1) The vehicle manufacturer provides the road spectrum for vibration test;
2) Perform sinusoidal vibration with a frequency of 30Hz and vibration acceleration of 3G in the three directions of x, and Z, and perform 10 cycles in each direction.
5.10.2. The test results record the cracking and damage of each component, the failure of each fixed point and the falling off or loosening of electrical components.
6 Bumper Installation Requirements.
6.1 Clearance and parishion.
The clearance and parity of the bumper installed on the whole vehicle should meet the appearance quality requirements of the vehicle manufacturer. 6.Number 2 plate.
When the bumper is installed on the whole vehicle, it should be able to ensure that the number plate plate (if any) installed on the bumper meets the requirements of GB15741.
The mounting holes of the plate board meet the requirements of GB7258. 6.3. When the pedestrian protection performance bumper is installed in the front of the vehicle, it should be able to reduce the injury to pedestrians when the vehicle and pedestrians collide, and the vehicle with the bumper installed should meet the test requirements of the GBT24550 middle leg type on the bumper. 6.4 Front-end and back-end protection performance.
When the bumper is installed on the whole vehicle, it should be able to reduce the physical damage to the front and rear end components in the event of a low-speed collision of the vehicle, and the whole vehicle with the bumper installed should meet the requirements of GB17354.
6.5 external protrusions.
For the whole vehicle with the bumper installed, the bumper area should meet the requirements of GB11566.
6.6. Vehicle durability test.
The bumper is installed on the whole vehicle, and after the road durability test of the whole vehicle, there should be no abnormal noise, parts damage, falling off and loose fastening. 6.7. Ease of maintenance: Radar, fog lamps and other electrical accessories installed on the bumper should be able to be disassembled and replaced without damaging the bumper structure. 6.8 During the normal use of the vehicle, the signal penetrating bumper should not interfere with the normal function of electrical accessories such as radar and sensors.
Inspection Rule 771 Factory inspection.
Follow 41. Factory inspection, sampling scheme and qualified quality level should meet the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer. 7.2 Type Inspection.
7.2.1. Type inspection shall be carried out when the bumper of a passenger car falls under one of the following conditions:
a) When the new product is finalized;
b) After mass production, if there is a major change in the material and process structure or the change of the production site, the performance of the product may be affected; After normal mass production, at least once every 2 years; c )
d) When a product that has been discontinued for more than 1 year is re-manufactured:
e) when the national quality supervision agency puts forward the type inspection requirements.
7.2.2. Type inspection is the test item in Chapter 5, and the samples are randomly selected from the qualified products, and the samples of each test are not less than three or according to the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer. It is allowed to use the same sample for different project tests that do not affect the assessment.
7.2.3. If there is a failure in the inspection item during the type inspection, it shall be doubled according to the number of unqualified samples or the item shall be reviewed according to the requirements of the vehicle manufacturer, and if it is still unqualified, it shall be judged that the product is unqualified. If there are two or more unqualified inspection items, it will be directly judged that the product is unqualified.
8 Identification, packaging, transportation and storage.
8.1 Product Identification.
8.1.1 The back of each part of the bumper should be molded markings. The content of the mark should meet the requirements of the vehicle enterprise 81.2 The material identification of each part of the bumper shall meet the requirements of QC T 797.
8.1.3 Each component part of the bumper shall be marked with visible markings after assembly, and no markings shall be visible in the visible area after the bumper is fitted to the body.
8.2 Packaging.
8.2.1. There should be a product certificate on the product packaging box, and the certificate should meet the following basic requirements:
The marking of each part of the packaging box shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding national or industry standards; a
Product name, specification model, product quantity, factory date, manufacturer name and production address; b)
c) Box size (length x width x height);
d) The total mass of the box.
8.3 Transportation.
During transportation, it should be protected from rain and extrusion, 84 Storage.
The product should be stored in a ventilated, dry environment to avoid contact with corrosive substances.
8.5 Miscellaneous.
When there are special requirements for marking, packaging, transportation and storage, they can be determined by negotiation between the supply and demand parties.