The imperial examination began in the Sui Dynasty and was an important system for selecting talents in feudal Chinese society.
The imperial examination made the whole country see the importance of reading.
Learn to increase knowledge, learn to be wise, and then win fame, glorify the lintel, and realize the ideal of being a great minister and governing the country and leveling the world.
Practice has proved that selecting talents through examinations is the fairest system.
However, in the long course of history, the establishment of examinations as a way to select talents did not appear all at once.
In addition to the royal family and nobles, it is very difficult for ordinary people to change their fate.
Let's start with the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Some people ask, why start with the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty is the most inconspicuous in history.
The Eastern Han Dynasty was inconspicuous because the family had the most significant influence in the country.
As soon as the Eastern Han Dynasty was founded, there were six major families. The so-called six families are the Deng Yu family, Geng Yi family, Liang Tong family, Dou Rong family, Ma Yuan family and Yin family who helped Liu Xiu revive the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Deng Yu is Liu Xiu's good brother, Liu Xiu broke away from Liu Xuan, and when he went to Hebei, Deng Yu followed Liu Xiu and said that he would "make a name for himself in the bamboo book" together, give advice and make outstanding achievements. Deng Yu had a total of 5 sons, and the eldest son, Emperor Deng Xunzhang, was the captain of Wuhuan at that time. Deng Xun had 5 sons, the eldest son Deng Qiu, the Han and Emperor Bai Deng Qi Che Cavalry General, Yitong Three Divisions. Deng Xun's daughter, Deng Sui, was the empress of Emperor Han He.
Since the revival of the Deng family, there are 29 marquis, 2 dukes, 13 people below the general, 14 people in the middle 2,000 dan, 22 colonels, 48 people in the state and county guards, and the rest of the servants, generals, doctors, langs, and confessors are innumerable.
Geng Yi is the second in line, he is Liu Xiu's iron fan, followed his father, brother, and younger brother to follow Liu Xiu, fought a lot of big battles, and was awarded General Jianwei. From the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of Jian'an, the Geng family produced a total of 2 generals, 9 generals, 13 Qing, 3 princesses, 19 liehous, Zhonglang generals, Huqiang lieutenants and assassins, 2,000 stones and hundreds of people, becoming a giant family of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Geng Ji, who later assassinated Cao Cao, is the descendant of the Geng family.
Liang Tong's popularity is relatively low, but his strength is very strong. In the summer of the eighth year of Jianwu (32 AD), Emperor Guangwu personally led an army to attack Kuihuan, and Liang Tong, Dou Rong and others led an army to meet Emperor Guangwu. After Kui Huan was defeated, Emperor Guangwu sealed Liang Tong as the Marquis of Chengyi, in the twelfth year of Jianwu (36 AD), Liang Tong and Dou Rong and others came to the capital Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), and went to the court with the qualifications of the marquis, changed the title to the Marquis of Gaoshan, and the official worshiped the doctor Taizhong, and the four sons of Liang Tong were appointed as Lang officials.
The opening of the Liang family is not prominent among the six major families, but the women in the family are strong, and there are three queens and six nobles, from Liang Tong to Liang Ji, there are seven generations and sixteen people who have been crowned marquis. Only one Liang Shang is a door, "nine marquis before and after, two generals, ladies, women, seven people who are called monarchs, three princesses, and the rest of the 57 people."
Dou Rong's appearance, like Liang Tong, was in the Hexi area, and they both participated in the encirclement and suppression. The Dou family also produced a queen, but the Dou family was very tortuous, Dou Rong and his nephew Dou Xian were both cautious people, and they were very accomplished, but Dou Rong's son Dou Mu was bold. Dou Mu's fief was in Lu'an, and he issued an edict to the Empress Dowager, asking Liu Xu, the Marquis of Lu'an, to divorce his wife, and then marry his daughter to Liu Xu. Liu Xuan later knew that the edict was fake, so he was very angry and reported the situation to Emperor Ming (Emperor Guangwu's son), and Emperor Ming was furious, so he dismissed Dou Mu and others from their official positions and locked them at home. Dou Mu was imprisoned, complaining all day long, Emperor Ming drove his family back to his hometown, found a crime, and imprisoned Dou Mu and his son Dou Xuan in Pingling Prison, and finally both died inside. At this time, only the grandson Dou Xian and Dou Rong's nephew Dou Gu were still in Luoyang. Because of Dou Mu's involvement, Dou Xian was imprisoned. Ten years later, because Emperor Ming wanted to fight the Huns, Dou Gu was activated, and the ban was lifted. Dou Gu was appointed as the commander of the Che Du, and led the army to break through the Northern Xiongnu Right Xianwang Department, the front and rear Che Shiguo, and made meritorious contributions.
In February of the eighteenth year of Yongping (75 years), Emperor Ming was seriously ill, and the imperial court urgently ordered Dou Gu to return to Luoyang, and Emperor Zhang successfully ascended the throne. Dou Gu was entrusted by Emperor Ming, and was greatly relied on in his later years. Dou Gu has experienced turmoil and knows that this life is not easy, although he is high and powerful, he always abides by the way of people. If the Dou family has descendants, it is inevitable that there will be a few unfilial sons, but Dou Gu was unhappy when he was young, and the princess's wife did not work hard to have children, so she gave birth to a son in her life, and died in front of Dou Gu. Seeing that the Dou family was about to end history, Dou Rong's great-granddaughter appeared.
February**Dynamic Incentive Plan Dou Mu's son Dou Xun married a princess, so Dou Mu and Dou Xun had an accident, and Dou Xian's brothers and sisters were not affected. Although they are royal relatives, because of their grandfather and father, Dou Xian and his sister had a very hard childhood. By chance, Emperor Zhang saw Dou Xian's sister, was fascinated, and accepted him as the queen. Since then, Dou Xian's turnaround days have come. Dou Xian, like his grandfather, is a troublemaker, with the same genes, first occupying the princess's farmland, and then taking revenge on Han Xun, who tried his father's case, cutting off his head and paying tribute in front of Dou Xun's tomb; After the death of Emperor Zhang, Liu Chang, the marquis of Duxiang, came to mourn the funeral of Emperor Zhang, and was fortunate to be summoned by the Queen Mother. Dou Xian was afraid that Liu Chang would divide the power of his palace province, so he openly sent assassins to kill Liu Chang among the guards, and blamed Liu Chang's younger brother Lihou**, and sent someone to interrogate**. This matter reached the ears of the Queen Mother, and Dou Xian knew that he was angry with the Queen Mother, and he was afraid that it would be difficult to preserve, so he asked to attack the Huns to atone for his death penalty. Empress Dowager Dou couldn't kill Dou Xian, so she made him a general of the chariot cavalry, wearing a purple ribbon with a gold seal, and equipped with subordinates according to the specifications of the Sikong, with Geng Bing, the deputy, and the five schools of the Northern Army, Liyang, Yongying, and the knights of the twelve counties on the edge of the border, and the Qianghu soldiers went out of the fortress.
This product is a troublemaker, but he also has the ability to go out to fight the Huns, and he really won the battle, and completely eliminated the Northern Huns from Chinese history. Brother Ban Chao also wrote a special "Feng Yanran Mountain Ming". As soon as Dou Xian came back, he was terrible. is so domineering without merit, and with military power, it is even more out of control. As a result, he was overshadowed by the little emperor, relieved of military power, and forced to commit suicide. The few remaining men in the Dou family were all forced to commit suicide, and the Empress Dowager Dou was also killed, and the Dou family withdrew from history.
The Ma Yuan family is not very well-known, but those who are familiar with the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty know that Ma Yuan is an important historical figure. Most of the generals of the Eastern Han Dynasty came from Fufeng County, like the Geng family, the Ma family, the Dou family, and even the later Ban Chao were all from Fufeng County. Deng Yu and Liu Xiu are young, Jianwei general Geng Yi is Liu Xiu's iron fans, and the 28 generals of Yuntai, Wu Han and Feng Yi, are all people who followed Liu Xiu's birth and death, but Ma Yuan's contribution was relatively late, and he came to serve after Liu Xiu founded the country. Ma aided Jumi as a mountain, helped Emperor Guangwu successfully defeat the Kui Huan, pacified the Qiang people and the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan, and contributed a lot. Ma Yuan's daughter became the queen of Emperor Ming, and Ma Yuan's son worshiped as the general of the chariot cavalry, and was later favored because of his military exploits, and was promoted to the rank of executive Jinwu by the captain of the Yue cavalry. The influence of the Ma family is not as great as that of the first four, but the well-known Ma Chao and Ma Wuchang are all descendants of Ma Yuan, so Ma Chao scolded Zhang Yide: "My family has been a prince for many generations, how can I know the village and the wild horseman", it is not a lie.
The last Yin family is the family of Queen Yin Lihua. "Marrying a wife should be yin Lihua" This is Liu Xiu's famous saying, and it is also Liu Xiu's love promise. After Liu Xiu's eldest brother Liu Xuan was killed by Liu Xuan, Liu Xiutao kept his brother in obscurity and counted his brother down, which shocked Liu Xuan very embarrassed. At this time, Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua got married. Then Liu Xuan sent Liu Xiu to Hebei, in order to reassure Liu Xuan, Liu Xiu put Yin Lihua at home. When he arrived in Hebei, Liu Xiu married Guo Shengtong, the niece of Liu Yang, the king of Zhending, in order to win the support of the king of Zhending in Hebei, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guo Shengtong was established as the queen. Since then, Liu Xiu has always felt ashamed of Yin Lihua. Yin Lihua is a very understanding person, and the more she is like this, the more Liu Xiu feels guilty. Later, Liu Xiu and Guo Shengtong had a conflict, and after they were abolished, they re-established Yin Lihua, and even the prince was replaced.
Most of the six major families of the Eastern Han Dynasty brought assets into the Han family, especially the Dou family, the Liang family, the Geng family, and the Guo family, because of their strong strength, so the war time from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty was relatively short. In order to repay the heroes, Liu Xiu and the heroes are rich and noble, except for Dou Mu and Dou Xian, most of the heroes are dedicated to their duties, and there is no rebellion by many heroes in the Western Han Dynasty, coupled with the small scale of the invasion of ethnic minorities, resulting in a relatively dull history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and even the history of Banchao's unification of the Western Regions and Dou Xian's northern attack on the Xiongnu is rarely mentioned.
When you read the Three Kingdoms, you will find that the princes of the imperial court all hope for the stability of the world, such as Dasitu Wang Yun and so on. When Dong Zhuo made a mess, Wang Yun and others thought that it would pacify Dong Zhuo. But the county guards everywhere are not very honest and want to take the opportunity to expand their territory.
After the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no major internal turmoil, the Southern Xiongnu were annexed, the Northern Xiongnu were pacified by Dou Xian, and the country achieved 200 years of stable development and economic prosperity, laying an economic foundation for national education. The reason why everyone likes the story of the Three Kingdoms is because there are many heroes of the Three Kingdoms, and the root cause is that the quality of the people is high and a group of high-quality talents have appeared.
China's education, from ancient times to the present, is inseparable from the cultivation of ambition and sentiment, which has cultivated a group of people with lofty ambitions, the most famous are Ban Chao, Ban Gu, as well as Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Sun Jian, Sun Ce and others.
Today we are going to focus on the class Super Brothers.
Ban Gu is Ban Chao's elder brother, and the two were born in the same year, as for whether they are twins, or they are born at the beginning of the year and the end of the year, there is no way to verify. The personalities of Ban Chao and Ban Gu are quite different, and Ban Chao has always respected Ban Gu, and I personally think that it is more likely to be non-twins.
Ban Gu and Ban Chao were born in the seventh year of Jianwu, and in this year, Kui Huan was defeated. When he was 4 years old, Gongsun Shu was defeated and the country was completely unified. Thirty years after the establishment of the military, Ban Biao died of illness, and the two brothers Ban Chao were 24 years old at this time. At this time, there was no imperial examination, only inspection and filial piety.
This probation is to think who is good and who to recommend.
Of course, it is not appropriate for these big families to recommend their children, so if you recommend mine, I will recommend yours.
Ban Biao is engaged in literature and history, he has no military and political power, and when he was alive, he didn't push his son out, and after he died, no one pushed him out. After losing their father, the two lost their support in Luoyang, so they had to return to their hometown Fufeng County with their mother and sister Ban Zhao.
This person who has read the book cannot sit still, and it is impossible for him to cultivate the fields at home. As the boss, Bangu is under the most pressure, and he submits articles everywhere to win appreciation. In the first year of Yongping, Emperor Ming appointed Liu Cang as a hussar general and allowed him to choose 40 auxiliary people. Bangu submitted the letter and was not hired. This shows that there were many talents at that time, and on the other hand, it was difficult to be hired without ** recommendation.
The turning point in Bangu's fate came when he repaired Hanshu and was reported that he was privately studying national history. Soon, Bangu was imprisoned. Ban Gu may be eloquent, Ban Chao thinks that Ban Gu may not be able to speak clearly, so he rode to Luoyang and wrote a letter to avenge his grievances. Normally, Ban Gu's imprisonment is conclusive evidence, but Ban Chao expounded Ban Gu's historical revision behavior from another angle, believing that Ban Gu was praising the Han Dynasty. Emperor Ming listened to Ban Chao's words, and read it himself, don't say it, it's catchy, and the writing is really good.
Ban Gu was hired exceptionally, stayed in the ** specialty, served as the history of Lantai Lingshi, managed archives and books, and was treated with 600 stones, which is equivalent to a department-level cadre.
Since then, the Ban family has moved back to Luoyang.
When he arrived in Luoyang, Ban Chao found a job as a copyist. If you read too much history, you can't bear the work of bamboo cases. Once, when Ban Chao was working, he suddenly slapped the table and said that the eldest husband should be like Zhang Qian and make contributions to the frontier. frightened his colleague and criticized him, saying that he was not calm.
At this time, there is no opportunity for meritorious service in China. Only the Northern Huns occasionally harassed him, so he set his sights on the frontier.
In the more than 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the country has always maintained the policy of governing the country by inaction, and the population has just recovered, and the national policy has not yet been adjusted.
At this time, Emperor Ming thought of Ban Chao, so he asked Ban Gu, what is your eloquent brother busy with.
Ban Gu said truthfully, his younger brother is copying materials!
Emperor Ming thinks it's a bit of a waste of talent, let him go to Lantai to work with you!
Ban Gu was overjoyed and immediately notified Ban Chao.
Originally, it was a decent job, after all, at work. Let's not talk about the salary, it sounds good.
As a result, a few days later, Lantai caught fire, and Ban Chao lost his job again.
For ten years in between, Ban Chao was in a state of having nothing to do.
In the sixteenth year of Yongping, the Northern Xiongnu came out to rob again.
At this time, Emperor Ming only had 2 years left in his life.
Emperor Ming Liu Zhuang is the son of Yin Lihua, and I guess this person should be very ambitious. At this time, it has been 48 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, which is close to the time when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne. As the second monarch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he must want to make a difference, after all, the muffled voice has been developing for so many years.
Liu Zhuang decided to follow the example of Emperor Wu and attack the Xiongnu in the north during his lifetime.
There are 4 roads in the army, one of which is Dou Gu and the other is Geng Bing.
As soon as the Huns saw that the big man was really coming, they turned around and ran.
Note that at this time, the Xiongnu were divided into north and south, and the Southern Xiongnu and the Northern Xiongnu had enmity.
The Northern Huns ran cleanly.
Geng Bing went out of the fortress and did not find the main force of the Huns.
At this time, in the Hexi Corridor, there lived a Hun all the way, called Youxian Wangbu.
Judging from the distance, the Youxian Wangbu is not too far from Luoyang, but the Han army has not appeared for decades, and there will be no sense of crisis. The main force of the Northern Xiongnu attacked from the south of Yanmen Pass and Beijing, and when they ran away, they went all the way to the north, and they did not expect that the Han army would send an army to the west, so no one informed the Youxian Wang.
The Hexi Corridor is so wide, Dou Gu this way, and he met the Right Xianwang Department head-on.
Ban Chao has been looking forward to fighting for more than ten years, and finally seized the opportunity.
He and Dou Gu are fellow countrymen, and Dou Gu also appreciates Ban Chao's talent.
The thinking is clear, and the thief can say, this is talent!
When Ban Chao was in the Tao, he was already forty-one years old, and he was forty-two years old, which was the age of calmness.
When he fought the Right Virtuous King, there is no record of how much role he played.
When it was time to capture the two countries of Cheshi, Dou Gu was ready to fight Shanshan, and Ban Chao took the initiative to ask for help, saying that the small Shanshan country did not need to mobilize the people, so I brought a few people over and promised to persuade him to surrender.
The Western Regions is very large, and it is indeed too much to fight a war. However, Ban Chao's eloquence gave Dou Gu a lot of confidence, so he appointed Ban Chao as a fake Sima and took 36 people on the road.
The Che Division was stationed with Dou Gu's 20,000 cavalry, and the news that the Han Army had flattened the Che Division soon spread to Shanshan.
Ban Chao and his entourage arrived in Shanshanguo, and King Shanshan attached great importance to it.
The bad thing is that the Hun envoys also came.
King Shanshan was a little flustered, but he neither let Ban Chao know that the Huns were coming, nor did he let the Huns know that Ban Chao was coming.
However, Ban Chao found an abnormality, he found that King Shanshan's mood was not quite right, so he encouraged thirty-six brothers, found the Hun camp, fanned the flames, burned the Hun camp at night, and killed the Hun envoys.
King Shanshan fell into passivity, what a whole thing! The messengers are dead, and it will not be possible if they do not surrender!
Shanshan has a population of about 20,000, and such a small country could not withstand an army of 20,000 at all, so it surrendered decisively.
Ban Chao returned to the camp with the hostages, making Dou Gu very happy. Dou Gu reported the situation to Emperor Ming, and Emperor Ming was even happier, saying that Ban Chao was so capable, when someone did something fake Sima, he would do it if he wanted to.
From then on, Ban Chao was appointed as the Sima of the Han Army.
The position of military commander is not a fixed position.
In the Han army, only generals and captains had the right to lead troops, and the military commander was a position to assist in handling military affairs.
However, Ban Chao is different, he started with this position, and since then he has done the work of "number one".
With the holy decree, Ban Chao went to Khotan, killed the demagogic sorcerer, and seized power in Khotan.
Subsequently, Ban Chao came to Shule.
King Shule was the younger brother of King Qiuzi, and his name was Doudi.
The nephew and daughter of the former King Shule went to Khotan to see Ban Chao and asked Ban Chao to call the shots.
Ban Chao arranged for a person named Tian Shu to meet Dou Di.
Tian Xi has won the essence of Banchao's work.
Tian Shu entered the city alone, he asked Dou Di to surrender, but if Dou Di did not surrender, Tian Shu directly hijacked Dou Ti. No one in the city dared to move, and Tian Wei directly brought the question to Ban Chao.
In order not to exacerbate the contradiction, Ban Chao put back the topic and established the former nephew of King Shule as King Shule.
Just when Ban Chao was about to gain a foothold in Shule and recover Qiuzi and Yanqi, Emperor Ming suddenly became ill and called Dou Gu, who had no heirs, back to Luoyang.
followed Emperor Zhang's accession to the throne.
At this time, the army retreated, and Emperor Zhang ordered Ban Chao to return to Luoyang.
When Ban Chao received the order, his heart was very complicated and tormented.
It's been done to this extent, it's a pity to withdraw.
Do not withdraw and disobey the holy decree.
Ban Chao gritted his teeth and decided to withdraw.
Shule fryer.
You drove away the younger brother of King Qiuzi, and if you leave, people will definitely retaliate!
In order to persuade Ban Chao, Captain Shule committed suicide on the spot!
Ban Chao had no choice but to return to Khotan along the way.
When Khotan heard that Ban Chao was going to withdraw, he panicked even more.
Shache has an enmity with himself, Ban Chao is gone, Shache unites with the Xiongnu, and Khotan is even more miserable.
Seeing this situation, Ban Chao decided to stay, and wrote a long and famous letter explaining the situation in the Western Regions, and was the first to put forward the idea of "using razing to defeat raze", saying that it would not cost Huaxia a grain or a gun to pacify the Western Regions.
Emperor Zhang was very moved, agreed to Ban Chao's request, and sent 1,000 people to support.
At this time, Qiuzi really occupied Shule, and Ban Chao fought back again and snatched back Shule.
After that, Ban Chao operated the Western Regions for 30 years, broke Shache, broke Qiuzi, married Wusun, contacted the countries of the Western Regions, led an army of 70,000, invaded Yanqi, unified the Western Regions, was named the Marquis of Yuan, and completed the life ideal of making contributions to the Western Regions and the frontier marquis all his life.
Influenced by Ban Chao, Ban Gu also participated in Dou Xian's military activities to attack the Xiongnu in the north.