Zhuge Liang, whose name is Kong Ming and whose name is Wolong, is an outstanding politician, military strategist and inventor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history, as well as a famous literary scholar. He was born in 181 A.D. (the fourth year of Guanghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and was born in Yangdu, Langya (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province).
Zhuge Liang lived in Jingzhou in his early years, and was famous for his outstanding intelligence, and was later invited out of the mountain by Liu Bei Sangu Thatched House, and put forward the famous "Longzhong Pair" or "Caolu Countermeasures", which planned a strategic blueprint for Liu Bei to occupy Jingyi Erzhou and unite Wu to resist Cao. In the process of Liu Bei's establishment of the Shu Han regime, Zhuge Liang played a key role, especially after Liu Bei's death, as the prime minister and the important minister of Tuogu, he assumed the important task of assisting the young lord Liu Chan, and tried his best to govern the country, and carried out a series of important reforms and construction of domestic and foreign affairs.
In terms of internal affairs, Zhuge Liang promoted the rule of law, strengthened the centralization of power, paid attention to agricultural production, and implemented the Tuntian policy to enhance national strength; Externally, it actively maintained the alliance with Sun and Wu, stabilized ethnic relations on the southwestern border, and made several northern expeditions to the Central Plains, intending to restore the Han dynasty, but failed to achieve the goal of unification.
He was also an outstanding inventor, and according to legend, he invented the wooden ox and flowing horse to solve the problem of military grain transportation, and improved the repeater crossbow to make it a Zhuge repeater that could fire multiple arrows at once, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the army.
In terms of cultural contributions, Zhuge Liang left behind many popular works, "The Teacher's Table" inspired countless descendants with his loyalty, perseverance, and dedication, and the "Book of Commandments" reflects his strict teachings and noble moral expectations for future generations.
Zhuge Liang became ill due to overwork and died in Wuzhangyuan in 234 AD (the twelfth year of Jianxing) at the age of 54. His loyalty, wisdom, and selfless dedication to the country's community have made him a model of loyal ministers and wise men in traditional Chinese culture, and have been admired and praised by later generations.
Zhuge Liang had many major events in his life that affected the historical trend of the Three Kingdoms, such as:
1.Look at the thatched house three times. In 207 (the twelfth year of Jian'an), Liu Bei, under the recommendation of Xu Shu, went to Longzhong three times to visit Zhuge Liang, who lived in seclusion. In his conversation with Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang put forward the famous "Longzhong Pair", and planned a strategic policy for Liu Bei to compete for the world and achieve hegemony.
2.The Battle of Red Cliffs. Although Zhuge Liang was not the actual commander of the Battle of Chibi, he played a key role in facilitating the Sun-Liu alliance against Cao Cao. Through a series of resourceful activities such as tongue warfare and group Confucianism, grass boats borrowing arrows, etc., the foundation was laid for the decisive victory of the Sun-Liu coalition army in Chibi.
3.Yizhou Pingding. In 214 (the 19th year of Jian'an), after Pang Tong was killed, Zhuge Liang set out from Jingzhou to support Liu Bei, assisted him in capturing Yizhou, and stabilized the social order in the newly occupied areas by formulating a policy of combining leniency and severity, and successfully helped Liu Bei establish a stable Shu Han regime.
4.Southern Expedition and Northern Expedition. In 225 (the third year of Jianxing), Zhuge Liang led the army to the south, quelled the rebellion in the southern and central regions, adopted the strategy of "attacking the heart first", successfully subdued Meng Huo and other ethnic minority leaders, and stabilized the southern frontier of Shu. During the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, from 228 to 234 (from the sixth to the twelfth year of Jianxing), Zhuge Liang carried out five Northern Expeditions to Cao Wei in an attempt to restore the Han Dynasty, and many of these battles such as the Battle of Jieting, the Battle of Chencang, and the Battle of Shanggu demonstrated his outstanding military talent and strategic planning.
5.Seven captures of Meng Hu. This was an important event during the Southern Expedition, Zhuge Liang subdued the Southern Barbarian leader Meng Shu with wisdom and tolerance, so that he was convinced and no longer rebelled, ensuring the stability of the rear of Shu Han.