When a writer feels deeply connected to the people, he is rewarded with beauty and strength. Medieval Persian culture was once full of brilliance, and countless talented literati and writers poured their hearts into writing to create immortal works.
These works are like beacons, illuminating the way forward for millions of Persian people, leading them from darkness to light, to freedom and independence.
Persia, the predecessor of Iran, was once one of the cradles of world culture, and has established many empires in history, covering many regions of Asia. Among them, the Persian Empire reached its peak in the 6th century BC, with a population of 50 million and spanning three continents, making it one of the largest empires in the world at the time.
The Achaemenid dynasty, once in its glory, soon fell under the rule of other peoples. This continued until 226 AD, when the Sassanid Empire was established and ruled for several hundred years, but was eventually conquered by the Arab Empire in 663 AD and became its territory.
This transformation also led to a severe disruption to the flourishing of Persian literature, with some works disappearing.
Historically, the Persian literati were adamantly opposed to Arab attempts to replace Persian with Arabic and insisted on writing in Persian. This strong cultural belief fueled the rise of medieval Persian culture and inspired the unity of the Persian people.
However, the Persians had long been exploited by the Arabs, and it was not until the 9th century AD that the decline of the Arab Empire allowed the Persians to re-establish their state and vigorously develop Persian literature, which led to the revitalization of Persian culture.
II. Representative Figures and Characteristics of Medieval Persian Tragic Literature Medieval Persian literature was deeply influenced by tragic consciousness, in which pessimism showed rich and diverse characteristics due to the different creative purposes and life experiences of the authors.
Ferdowsi, a Persian, grew up reading national legends and stories, and was born in a time of turmoil in Persia, when the invasion of Persia by the Arab Empire plunged the toiling masses into misery. At this time, Shubi's ideology was on the rise, and Ferdowsi was one of the most representative writers of it, working against the Arab rulers.
The Kings illustrations are Ferdowsi's most well-known work, and the most famous of them includes four tragic figures of princes and teenage heroes, none of whom can escape the tricks of fate.
Another representative Persian poet is ......
Nezami was a medieval Persian poet whose most famous work is "Relily and Majnon", a long narrative poem about the lives of ordinary people, focusing on the tragic love story between men and women.
Through an in-depth exploration of ordinary human nature, Nezami expresses his unique perspective on life.
Lu Daji's creative concept is similar to the critical poetry style of Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty of China. Rudaki is best known for his depiction of the hardships of the working people and the extravagant pleasures of the rulers, exposing the tyranny of the rulers through strong contrasts.
The tragic overtones throughout his works deeply touch the hearts of readers.
Express their grief and powerlessness over the situation in their words. That.
2. There are abundant tragic elements in Persian literature, such as the tragedy of heroes, the tragedy of love, the tragedy of society, etc., which make the tragic consciousness widely popular in Persian literature.
Therefore, the popularity of tragic consciousness in Persian literature stems from the difficult situation of the Persian people and the rich tragic elements in literature.
1.In the Persian civilization of the Middle Ages, the sense of tragedy pervaded. The Persians could not explain the laws of everything in the world, believing that everyone's fate was predestined, and no matter how much they resisted, the result would not change.
This is the unique perception of life in medieval Persia. 2.After the invasion of Persia by the Arabs, not only was it psychologically devastated, but the life of the ordinary toiling masses became more difficult, and the whole of Persia fell into a state of poverty.
This was an important stage in the history of medieval Persia.
The medieval Persian aristocracy was obsessed with a life of money, with no regard for the rights and interests of the toiling masses, and even colluded with the Arabs in exploiting the disadvantaged.
Faced with such a cruel reality, the Persian people of the Middle Ages were powerless to resist and could only struggle with poverty and misery. The tragic consciousness of the Persian people deeply reflects their indignation and helplessness at class exploitation.
In medieval Persia, the Arab invasions sparked a strong adherence to the national language, and many literati began to create works that they hoped would inspire a national revolt among all Persians.
They inspired the people of medieval Persia by creating national heroes based on myths, legends, and historical events. They were convinced that by depicting tragic stories and awakening the national pride of the Persian people in the tragic consciousness of national heroes, they could jointly resist the erosion of Arab civilization.
Medieval Persian civilization was able to stand out and not be assimilated by foreign civilizations, thanks to the flourishing of Persian literature during that period. Their works are imbued with a sense of tragedy, and these works encapsulate the national spirit of medieval Persia as a whole.
Historically, no matter what civilization it is, the power of the literati cannot be ignored. The role of their works in advancing history is irreplaceable, and as a result, rulers have always held a grudge against literati who dared to criticize them, and many of them have lost their lives because of their works.
However, history will not forget their contributions and values, they are like bright pearls in the sky, no matter how history changes, their light will always illuminate the sky of world civilization and remain immortal.